第1頁Influenza第2頁Influenza第3頁1.WhatisInfluenza?2.HowInfluenzaSpreads3.Symptoms4.Diagnosis5.Treatment6.HowtoPrevent第4頁1.WhatisInfluenza?Influenza(theflu)isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.History：2,400years第5頁

Acoldisamilderrespiratoryillnessthantheflu.Whilecoldsymptomscanmakeyoufeelbadforafewdays.Flusymptomscanmakeyoufeelquiteillforafewdaystoweeks.Coldsymptomsusuallybeginwithasorethroat,whichusuallygoesawayafteradayortwo.Nasalsymptoms,runnynose,andcongestionfollow,alongwithacoughbythefourthandfifthdays.Feverisuncommoninadults,butaslightfeverispossible.Childrenaremorelikelytohaveafeverwithacold.Withcoldsymptoms,yournoseteemswithwaterynasalsecretionsforthefirstfewdays.Later,thesebecomethickeranddarker.Whetherapersonhastypicalseasonalfluorswineflu,thesymptomsseemtobequitesimilar.Flusymptomsareusuallymoreseverethancoldsymptomsandcomeonquickly.Symptomsofswinefluandseasonalfluincludesorethroat,fever,headache,muscleachesandsoreness,congestion,andcough.Swinefluinparticularisalsoassociatedwithvomitinganddiarrhea.DifferenceBetweenColdorFLU第6頁Influenza(theflu)isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.Thebestwaytopreventseasonalfluisbygettingaseasonalfluvaccinationeachyear.

InvirusclassificationinfluenzavirusesareRNAvirusesthatmakeupthreeofthefivegeneraofthefamilyOrthomyxoviridae.

InfluenzavirusA

InfluenzavirusB

InfluenzavirusC

Influenza(theflu)第7頁第8頁1918H1N1Spanishflu40millionH2N3Fareastflu2million1968H2N3HongKongflu700000WorldWarI：8to10million20thcentury第9頁第10頁KeyInfluenzaAViralFeatures神經(jīng)氨酸酶（N）血凝素（H）第11頁Influenza:AnEver-ChangingVirusAntigenicdrift:Smallchange,happencontinuallyovertimeIsoneofthemainreasonswhypeoplecangettheflumorethanonetimeAntigenicshift:Isanabrupt,majorchangeResultsinanewinfluenzaAsubtypeoravirus第12頁2.HowInfluenzaSpreadsPeoplewithflucanspreadittoothersuptoabout6feetawayMostexpertsthinkthatfluvirusesarespreadmainlybydropletsmadewhenpeoplewithflucough,sneezeortalkThesedropletscanlandinthemouthsornosesofpeoplewhoarenearbyorpossiblybeinhaledintothelungs.Lessoften,apersonmightalsogetflubytouchingasurfaceorobjectthathasfluvirusonitandthentouchingtheirownmouthornose(contacttransmission)第13頁第14頁AccordingtoCenterfordiseasecontrol&prevention(CDC),symptomsofH1N1influenzaresemblesseasonalinfluenzaandotheracuteupperrespiratorytractinfections.3.Symptoms

FeverwithorwithoutchillsLethargyLackofappetiteSorethroatCoughRunningnoseBodyacheHeadacheNauseaVomitingDiarrhea第15頁第16頁4.DiagnosisDifficulttodiagnoseSimilartothecommoncoldOnsetofsymptomsmayoccurrapidly第17頁DiagnosisItcanbetestedforinthelab……第18頁Leukopeniaparticularly

lymphopeniamild-to-moderatethrombocytopeniaslightly

ormoderatelyelevatedaminotransferaselevelsMarked

hyperglycemiarelatedtocorticosteroiduseelevated

creatininelevelsCommonlaboratoryfindings第19頁viralisolation

chickembryos

culturedcellsVirologyDiagnosis第20頁VirologyDiagnosisReal-timePCR

RapidQuantitative第21頁Immunofluroscence

RapidDistinguishbetweeninfluenzaAandBvirusesVirologyDiagnosis第22頁Drugsprovedresistantatpresent……5.Treatment第23頁6.HowtoPrevent8StepstoProtectYourselfIndividualpreparednessBeforethepandemiccomesWhenthepandemiccomes第24頁Step1BepreparedStep2GetvaccinatedStep3KeephandscleanStep4Usemaskproperly

8StepsToProtectYourself第25頁Step5KnowhowinfluenzapresentsStep6ManagefeverwellStep7PractisehealthylifestyleStep8Beresourceful

8StepsToProtectYourself第26頁Step1:BePreparedBuildupgoodpersonalhygienewashhandsfrequentlywearmaskwhensymptomsofrespiratorytractinfectiondevelopcovermouthandnosewithtissuewhencoughingorsneezinganddisposeofsoiledtissueproperlyinaliddedrubbishbinavoidtouchingeyes,mouthornose第27頁Step

1:BePrepared

KeepathomeMasksAntipyreticsforusewhennecessaryThermometerLiquidsoapTissue

Bealwaysreadywithinformationoffamilydoctor&otherusefulinformation第28頁Seasonalpeaks:Jan-Mar/Jul–AugInfluenzavaccination

oneoftheeffectivemeansofpreventinginfluenzaanditscomplicationsInfluenzavaccinationisrecommended

tospecialgroups

Step

2:GetVaccinated第29頁Peoplewhoshouldreceiveinfluenzavaccination:ElderlypersonslivinginresidentialcarehomesLong-stayresidentsofinstitutionsforthedisabled

Elderlypersonsaged65yearsorabovePersonswithchronicillnessesHealthcareworkersPoultryworkersChildrenaged6to23monthsPregnantwomenintheirsecondorthirdtrimester

InfluenzavaccinecanbegivenonthesamedayasothertypesofvaccinesStep

2:GetVaccinated第30頁Step

2:GetVaccinatedPeoplenotsuitabletoreceiveinfluenzavaccination:

Allergictoeggs,neomycin,etcAllergictopreviousdoseofinfluenzavaccineWithbleedingdisordersoronwarfarindeepsubcutaneousinjectionSufferfromacutefebrileillnessreceivewhenrecover第31頁

Step

2:GetVaccinated

Twoweeksaftervaccination antibodiesdevelopandprovideprotection

Immunitydeclinesovertime第32頁

Step

2:GetVaccinated

Yearlyinfluenzavaccineistargetedonseasonalinfluenzaonly

Developmentofanewvaccinewhichmatchesthepandemicviralstrainwillprobablytakeseveralmonthstocomplete第33頁Step

3:KeepHandsCleanWhenShouldWeWashOurHands?

Beforetouchingeyes,mouth&noseWhenhandsarecontaminatedby

respiratorysecretion

e.g.aftercoughing/sneezing

Aftertouchingpublicinstallationsorequipmente.g.escalatorhandrails,elevatorcontrolpanels,doorknobs

BeforehandlingfoodoreatingAftergoingtotoilet第34頁Step

3:KeepHandsCleanStepstoGoodHandWashing:

WethandsunderrunningwaterApplyliquidsoapandrubhandstogethertomakeasoapylatherMassageallthefingersproperlyforatleast20secondsRinsehandsthoroughlyunderrunningwater第35頁Step

3:KeepHandsCleanDryhandsthoroughlywithcleancottontowel/papertowel/handdryerThetapmaybeturnedoffbyusingthetowelwrappingthefaucetNote:Rubhandswith65-95%alcoholhandrubtodisinfectthemwhenhandwashingfacilitiesarenotavailable第36頁Step

4:UseMaskProperly

AwaytopreventspreadofrespiratorytractinfectionsSurgicalmasks

preventspreadofdropletinfectionsoutwardInward第37頁Step

4:UseMaskProperlyPeoplewhoshouldwearmasks:

PatientswithrespiratoryinfectionsymptomsCaregiversofpatientswithrespiratoryinfectionsymptomsVisitorsofclinicsorhospitals第38頁Pointstonoteaboutwearingasurgicalmask:

ThemaskshouldfitsnuglyoverthefaceTrynottotouchthemaskonceitissecuredonyourface.Ifyoumustdoso,washyourhandsbeforeandaftertouchingthemaskWhentakingoffthemask,avoidtouchingtheoutsideofthemask

Step

4:UseMaskProperly第39頁Pointstonoteaboutwearingasurgicalmask:Aftertakingoffthemask,putthemaskintoaplasticorpaperbagbeforeputtingitintoarubbishbinwithalidAsurgicalmaskshouldbechangedatleastdailyReplacethemaskimmediatelyifitisdamagedorsoiledStep

4:UseMaskProperly第40頁Step

5:KnowHowInfluenzaPresentsIncubationperiod:

about1-3daysSignsandsymptomsofinfluenza:

FeverHeadacheMuscleacheCoughSorethroatRunnynose第41頁Self-caretipsoffever:CheckbodytemperatureregularlyTakeantipyreticsSymptomspersistent,severeorgettingworse

consultadoctorNote:Generalhouseholdsshouldmaintainaboutoneweek’ssupplyofantipyreticsforusewhennecessaryStep

6:ManageFeverWell第42頁Step

7:PractiseHealthyLifestyleIsoneofthemosteffectivewaystopreventcommunicablediseasesToleadahealthylifestyle:

EatabalanceddietGetregularexerciseDonotsmokeHaveadequaterestbuildupbodyresistance

第43頁Step

7:PractiseHealthyLifestyleMajorcomponentsofabalanceddiet

AvarietyoffoodWholegrainsasthemajorcomponentofeachmealPlentyoffruitsandvegetablesAdequateamountsoffluids

第44頁Eatadequateamountsofleanme