思維導(dǎo)圖梳理高中語(yǔ)法（6）：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ByRobinlo非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-Ved非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-Ving=1\*ROMANI.ving的3種形式基本式：doing/beingdone完成式：havingdone/havingbeendone否定式：not+ving基本式doing/beingdone：強(qiáng)調(diào)該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。完成式havingdone/havingbeendone：強(qiáng)調(diào)該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，兩者有明顯先后關(guān)系。=2\*ROMANII.Ving的句法功能：ving在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)一．Ving做主語(yǔ)1.Ving做主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)一般或抽象的重復(fù)多次的行動(dòng)。Seeingisbelieving.2.It做形式主語(yǔ)Itisnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthVing做賓語(yǔ)1.注意動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配：imagine/mind/admit/avoid/escape/delay/practice/insist/risk...+doing/beingdone2.注意某些to為介詞：devoteto/adaptto/adjustto/thekeyto/theapproachto/getusedto/lookforwardto/stickto/objectto/contributeto...+doing/beingdone3.注意介詞（in）（from）的省略：havetrouble/difficulty/hardtimes(in)doingsthspend...(in)doingsthstop/prevent/protect...(from)doing4.注意it做形式賓語(yǔ)：finditnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsth注意need/deserve/require+doing(以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))=need/deserve/require+tobedoneVing做表語(yǔ)1.ving做表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容或主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征等。HisjobisteachingEnglish/Itisboring=1\*GB3①ving做表語(yǔ)，表示一種習(xí)慣性，反復(fù)，多次的動(dòng)作。todo做表語(yǔ)表偶爾一次動(dòng)作=2\*GB3②由某些表示人的情感的動(dòng)詞變adj時(shí)有：ved/vingamazed/amazingVing:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，令...的(修飾物）Ved：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，感到...的(修飾人，人的聲音，人的表情）四.ving做定語(yǔ)n/pron+ving1.ving做定語(yǔ)，表用途或表性質(zhì)特征：areadingroom/adevelopingcountry2.形式：前置定語(yǔ)（單個(gè)ving）,后置定語(yǔ)（ving短語(yǔ)），分隔式后置定語(yǔ)（，ving）developingcountry/peoplelivingthere/Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesthere.考點(diǎn)：考慮v與前面n/pron關(guān)系/考慮vi注意thebridgebeingbuilt/thebridgebuilt/thebridgetobebuilt三種后置定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別五.ving做賓補(bǔ)：prep/v+n+vingVing做賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。形式：prep/v+n+vingfind/keep/leave+n+ving/ved/adj感官動(dòng)詞+n+ving/ved/(to)doseesbdoingsth（正在進(jìn)行）/sbbeseendoingseesbdosth（全過(guò)程）/sbbeseentodosthhavesbdoingWith+n+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介詞短語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-todo不定式的4種形式：一般式：(not)todo/(not)tobedone(與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后）完成式：(not)tohavedone/(not)tohavebeendone（發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前）進(jìn)行式：(not)tobedoing（與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生）Heseemstoknowthis.Shehatedtobelaughedat.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.不定式的句法功能：不定式可在句中做：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)、和狀語(yǔ)(分析下列句中不定式做什么成分）Tofinishtheworkintimesisveryhard-It’shardtofinishtheworkintimes.Shewishestobeamusician./Ihavenochoicebuttogiveup./HefoundithardtostudyChinese.Mydesire/hope/purpose/jobistoteachEnglish.Withalotworktodo,hedidn’tgoout./Isawhim(to)crosstheroad.Ihavealotofworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Haveyougotalettertobetyped?Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans./Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.Thequestionissimpletoanswer.不定式做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)：表示一次，偶爾的動(dòng)作；做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意短語(yǔ)搭配不定式在句中做定語(yǔ)①不定式可修飾名詞、代詞，位于其后做后置定語(yǔ)，多表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作②the+序數(shù)詞/adj最高級(jí)/only/very+n+todosth/to+vi+prep③theability/ambition/attempt/chance/courage/time/decision/effort/failure/promise/right/way/wish/reason/+todosth④注意：不定式與前面n之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與句子主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。如果與句子主語(yǔ)無(wú)主謂關(guān)系，不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則用被動(dòng)形式。Ihavealotofworktodo.Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?Theoldladyhasalettertobewritten.不定式在句中做狀語(yǔ)①不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)todo/inordertodo可位于句首或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后做目的狀語(yǔ)，表“為了”，這時(shí)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是主句主語(yǔ)；soasto做目的狀語(yǔ)不能置于句首。Weworkhardtobeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.②不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)(only)todo/(only)tobedone做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)該結(jié)果是意料之外so/such...astodosth太...以至于做某事too...todosth太...以至于不能做某事...enoughtodosth足夠做某事③不定式做原因狀語(yǔ)sb+系動(dòng)詞+adj/ved(情緒類(lèi)：sorry/surprised/excited/glad/anxious/delighted)+todosth+系動(dòng)詞+adj(easy/hard/cheap/comfortable/important/impossible)+todo(以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞綜合練易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)整理Robinloving的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Tom’s/my+ving做主語(yǔ)Tom’s/Tom/My/me+ving做賓語(yǔ)Mary’s/Hisbeinglatemadethemanagerangry.Weappreciateyour/youcoming.獨(dú)立主格：n/pron+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介短（考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面n關(guān)系）獨(dú)立主格在句中只能做狀語(yǔ)，與主句主語(yǔ)無(wú)任何邏輯關(guān)系Hismotherbeingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife.Allthingsconsidered,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoMary.注意be+ved考察形式：=1\*GB3①考察ving做主語(yǔ)：Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimewilldoharmtotheskin.Beingadmittedtouniversityisthedreamofmanystudents.=2\*GB3②省去be,以ved形式做定語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)，或狀語(yǔ)（注意某些be+ved表狀態(tài)，egbeseated...）Exposedtothesunlight,hefeltsohot.Absorbedinpainting,hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.固定結(jié)構(gòu)：Itisnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthfinditnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthneed/require/deserve+doing(以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）/tobedonebeworthdoing(以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）seesbdoingsth/sbbeseendoingseesb(to)dosth/sbbeseentodosthThereisnodenyingthatescapebeingpunished/punishmenthavenochoicebuttodosth/couldn’tdoanythingbutdoregretdoingsth后悔做過(guò)regrettotell/inform/say遺憾告知findsbdoingsth=sthbefounddoingsthmightaswelldosth=hadbetterdosthbefacedwith/facesth(Facedwithsth,=Facingsth)bedevotedto/devoteoneselfto(Devotedtodoingsth,=Devotingoneselftodoing)havingdone用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)之前，有明顯的先后關(guān)系?；蛘咴跔钫Z(yǔ)部分出現(xiàn)for+時(shí)間段/manytimes等Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyforexamination.Havinglivedthereformanyyears,hegotusedtothelifethere.注意v/prep+doing/beingdone(注意介詞和動(dòng)詞后加ving時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Canyouimaginebeingleftstandingoutsideforawholenight.Ican’tstandbeingtreated.Weshouldpreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+n+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介短（考慮v與前面n關(guān)系，注意vi）Withtimepassingby,wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.Withahealthwarningattachedtothedoor,hechangedhisbadhabitsgradually.2種結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)區(qū)別：Ving/,thusdoing做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)該結(jié)果是意料之內(nèi)，合乎情理的。（only）todo/tobedone做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)該結(jié)果是意料之外，不合乎情理的。Hecametothestation,onlytobetoldthebushadleft.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.狀語(yǔ)從句連詞wh-+__________(v)：直接考慮該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。Oncelost,suchachancewillnevercomeagain.Whenvisitingthecity,youwillfinditamazing.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（1）一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Peterwassoexcitedwhenhereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriend(visit)Chongqing.2.Hegavealameexcusefor(absent)whichmadehimveryembarrassed.3.Whenthemoonhadrisen,welayonthegrass,listeningtothewind(whisper)inthetrees.4.Helenwaskindertoheryoungestson,whichmadetheothers(envy)him.5.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinthemorningbecausethemorningairissogood(breathe).6.Theman________(circulate)thefakenewsthat18firefighterslosttheirlivesintheexplosionwasarrested.7.Thelittleboystaredatthestrangemanquestioningly,not________(know)whethertobelievewhathehadsaid.8.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina,________(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.9.Actorsshouldbegoodobservers,watchingpeople’sbodylanguageandspeakingstyle,________(transmit)andthisintotheirownabilitiestoprogressinacting.10.Wehadbetterputoffinterviewingtheathlete,forheisbusypreparingforaninternationalcontest________(hold)inShanghainextmonth.11.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______(enter)agoodcollege.12.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-yearoldboy,(say)thathewasnottheonetoblame.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（2）1.（2020·全國(guó)II卷）Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.2.（2020·全國(guó)II卷）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.3.（2020·全國(guó)II卷）Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.4.（2020·全國(guó)III卷）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.5.（2020·全國(guó)III卷）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreduc