2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”was1aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe2tointelligenceinanimals.3plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat4consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisbunk,accordingtotheauthorsofthenewarticle.Plantbiologyisplexandfascinating,butit5sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called6ofplants’intelligenceisintriguingbutinconclusive,thescientistswrote.Inanimals,neurobiologyreferstothebiologicalmechanismsthroughwhichanervoussystemregulatesbehavior,accordingtoHarvardUniversity’sMindBrainBehaviorInterfacultyInitiative.Overmillionsofyears,brainsindiverseanimalspecieshaveevolvedtoproducebehaviorsthatexpertsidentifyasintelligent:Amongthemarereasoningandproblem-solving,tooluseandself-recognition.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,8“aplantnervoussystem,9tothatinanimals,saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,aprofessoremeritusofmolecular,cellanddevelopmentalbiologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaSantaCruz.“They10claimedthatplantshave'brain-likemandcenters'attheirroottips,”TaiztoldLiveScienceinanemail.This11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofaplexbrain,12ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsomunicatethroughelectricalsignals,accordingtothearticle.13,thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothebillionsofsynapsesfiringinaplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatmunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he16.Otherresearcherswhorecentlyinvestigatedtheneuroscienceofconsciousness—awarenessofone'sworldandasenseofself—foundthatinanimals,onlyvertebrates,arthropodsandcephalopodshadbrainsplexenoughtoenablethemtobeconscious.“Iftheloweranimals—whichhavenervoussystems—lackconsciousness,the17thatplantswithoutnervoussystemshaveconsciousnessareeffectivelynil,”Taizsaid.Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan’trunawayfrom18,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemthat19athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.1.A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued2.A.attributedB.directedC.paredD.confined3.A.UnlessB.WhenC.OnceD.Though4.A.copedwithB.consistedofC.hintedatD.extendedto5.A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs6.A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation7.A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested8.A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing9.A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive10.A.justB.everC.stillD.even11.A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand12.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing13.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise14.A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily15.A.listB.levelC.labelD.load16.A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added17.A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions18.A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control19.A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes20.A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easySectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peopleoftengrumblethatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareubiquitousanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Untilrecently,museumsonlyhadtoworryabouttraditionalmaterials.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,DavidBowiecostumes,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands(RCE).“It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,”shesays.“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets”—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandcolleaguesatRCEbegantostudywaystoprotectpolyurethane.First,theytookfoamsamplessimilartothenaturecarpetsandinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicalsthatmodernmanufacturersoftenuse.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Thentheteamusedxenonlampstoartificiallyagebothtreatedanduntreatedsamples,andexaminedthemunderhigh-poweredmicroscopes.Theresultswereencouraging.Samplesthatlackedsunscreenhadwitheredunderthebarrageofphotons:Themolecular“struts”shoringupthefoamwere42%thinnerandnotablymorebrittlethanbeforethelamptreatment.Thestrutsinsampleswithsunscreendecreasedbyaslittleas12.5%.Armedwiththatknowledge,conservatorsworkingwithRCEinfusedseveralGilardisculptures,includingtwonaturecarpets,withthesunscreentostabilizethem.VanOostenisproudthatseveralhaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.Longcalledthe“queenofplastics,”in2012,vanOostenwasknightedintheNetherlandsforhereffortstopreserveplasticobjectsandspreadknowledgetootherinstitutes.Despitesuchsuccessstories,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglymon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.Ferreiranotesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve…willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen.”Accordingtoparagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesinA.maintainingtheirplasticitemsB.obtainingdurableplasticartifactsC.handlingoutdatedplasticexhibitsD.classifyingtheirplasticcollectionsVanOostenholdscertainplasticare.A.immunetodecayB.improperlyshapedC.inherentlyflawedD.plexinstructureMuseumsstoppedexhibitingartworksofGilardi'sto.A.keepthemfromhurtingvisitorsB.duplicatethemforfuturedisplayC.haveingredientsforfutureanalyzedD.preventthemfromfurtherdamageTheauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challengingInFerreisia’sopinion,thepreservationofplasticartifacts .A.willinspirefuturescientificresearchB.hasprofoundhistoricalsignificanceC.willhelpusseparatethematerialagesD.hastheimpactontoday’sculturallifeText2AsthelatestcropofstudentspentheirUCASformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenZ(andtheirparents)needtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued(justasgovernmentshikedupthecostofgettingone).Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles;apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but,ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemoremittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles-justasPenguindidin2016.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessense(albeitexpensive)tohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayagile,relevantandemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgenerationduetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversitywillworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ’scareertrajectory.Ihaveoftenheardoldergenerationstalkabouttheirdegree(evenifitwasgaineddecadesago)inthepresentandpersonaltense:‘Iamageographeror‘Iamaclassist’.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it’sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon’tdefinetheminthesameway.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould .A.becarefulinchoosingcollegeB.bediligentateacheducationalstageC.reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducationD.postponetheirundergraduateapplicationThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflects.A.millennialsopinionsaboutworkB.theshrinkingvalueofdegreeC.publicdiscountwitheducationD.thedesiredrouteofsocialmobilityTheauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.A.GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegreeB.schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkersC.employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegreesD.parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducationItisadvisedinparagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould.A.makeanearlydecisionontheircareerB.attendon-the-jobtrainingprogramsC.teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduatesD.furthertheirstudiesinthespecifiedfieldWhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromlasttwoparagraphs?A.LifelonglearningwilldefinethemB.TheywillmakequalifiededucatorsC.DegreeswillnolongerappealtothemD.TheywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobsText3Enlightening,stimulating,inspiring,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperiencesofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanacpanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Publicengagementhasbeeessentialtomanyresearchprojects.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartistsanddesignerstohelpthemtomunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning,”onerespondentsaid.“Theexperienceisveryliberatingforme,asascientist,”saidanother.“There’softenavisualaspecttomysciencethatgeneratingandpublishingdatadoesnotconvey.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesensescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestrainAustraliaperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi’sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason—providedbyMonashUniversity’sClimateChangemunicationResearchHubinMelbourne.TheworkwasentitledThe(Uncertain)FourSeasons,andvariationsofthescorecontaininglocaldataweresenttoeverymajororchestraintheworld.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember’sUnitedNations.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll;however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeirmunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy—evenifthesearereasonswhyscientistsseekopportunitiestoworkwithartists.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother’swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)openeditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)inCambridgetoexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.ThecentrewasestablishedduringtheVietnamWar,whenmanyscientistsintheUnitedStateswerebeingcriticizedforworkingondefencecontracts.Itsfoundersbelievedthatartistsandscientistscould,together,createavisionforamorehumaneworld.Theydeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight—hencethe‘visualstudies’inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration,saysSethRiskin,avisual-artsresearcherattheMITMuseumwhopreviouslyworkedatCAVS.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchmunication,andparticipantsmustnotfallintothetrapofstereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave.A.caughttheattentionofcriticsB.receivedfavorableresponsesC.promotedacademicpublishingD.sparkedheatedpublicdisputesThereworkedversionofTheYearSeasonismentionedtoshowthat.A.artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscienceB.sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotionsC.publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfutureD.artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovationSomeartistsseemtoworrythatintheart-sciencepartnership.A.theirrolemaybeunderestimatedB.theirreputationmaybeimpairedC.theircreativitymaybeinhibitedD.theirworkmaybemisguidedWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?A.Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.B.Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.C.Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.D.Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsart-sciencecollaborations.A.arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectationsB.willintensifyinterdisciplinarypetitionC.shoulddomorethanmunicatingscienceD.arebeingmorepopularthanbeforeText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals”.Thepremisewasthatthemonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunderperformingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivitymissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry’spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwellbeing.AcrosstheTasman,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-inethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-ineemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.A.punishdubiouscorporatepracticesB.improvetraditionalhiringproceduresC.exemptemployersfromcertaindutiesD.protecttherightsofordinaryworkersItcanbelearnedfromtheParagraph3thattheprovisionmay.A.hinderbusinessdevelopmentB.underminethemanagers'authoritiesC.affectthepublicimageofthefirmsD.weakenthelabor-managementrelationsWhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivitymissionsupport?A.Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.B.Enforcingemploymentprotections.C.Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.D.Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedure？High-paidmanagersmaylosejobs.Employeessuffersalarycut.Societyseesariseinwell-being.Employershirenewstaff.Itcanbeinferredthat“high-inethreshold”inAustralia .hassecuredmanagers’earningshasproducedundesiredresultsisbeneficialtobusinessownersisdifficulttoputintopracticePartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TeriByrdIamaveterinarianwhowasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyearsbeforeobtainingmyveterinarydegree.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionstoanimalresearchorconservation.Theyareprofitableinstitutionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.AnimalssuchasAfricanlionsthatbredincaptivitywere“culled”(killed)whentheirnumbersexceededthefinancialcapabilityofthezootofeedthem.Babybears,seals,beaversandotheranimalsweretakeninandusedbythezoosforfinancialprofituntiltheywerenolongeruseful,andtheneither“culled”orreleasedintothewildwithouttheabilitytosurvive.Iwastaughttoreciteaspielonconservationtozoovisitorsthatwasfalse.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou“enhance”enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.Animalsendupstressedandunhealthyordead.It’spasttimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit’spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.KarenRSimeAsazoologyprofessorand,thankstomykids,afrequentzoovisitor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.EmmaMarrisbrieflymentionssanctuaries.Sanctuariesareagrowingandethicalalternativetoanimalskeptincaptivityand“ondisplay.”TheGlobalFederationofAnimalSanctuariesistheaccreditingbodyforsanctuaries,with200membersintheUnitedStatesandabroad.Onehundredpercentofthefocusofourorganizationanditsmembersanctuariesisonthehumanecareoftheiranimals.Shecitesstudiesshowingthatmostzoovisitorsdonotcloselyreadeducationalsigns,arguingthatfewpeopleexperiencethezoootherthanasasimplefamilyouting.However,thosefewwhogainaseriousinterestinconservationadduptoalot,giventhatmillionsofpeoplevisitzoos.ThezoologyprogramatmyStateUniversityofNewYorkcampusattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren’sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Theyalsogettomeetadultswhohaveturnedtheirloveforanimalsintoacareer,andwithwhomtheycanidentify.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos’treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.GregNewberryEmmaMarris’articleisaninsultanddisservicetothethousandsofpassionatededicatedpeoplewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandourplanet.Ms.Marrisusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationsmittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosandaquariumsareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.Buttheyaretheexception,notthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.DeanGalleaAsafellowenvironmentalist,animal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian,IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoos,andtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivity,doserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautiful,wildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekout,disturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosare,inthatsense,akintonaturalhistoryandarchaeologymuseums,servingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.JohnFraserEmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnature,andthedatapointsextractedfromourstudiesdonot,inanyway,discountwhatislearnedinazoovisit.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimals,fromdronebeestospringbokorsalmon,tobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.A.Zoos,whichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimals,shouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticism.B.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.C.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.D.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.E.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestalternative.F.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals'wellbeing.G.Marrisdistortsourfindings,whichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.PartCDirectionsReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(prisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon’sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor’sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman’sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,TheScovellC