artIVocabularyandStructureThisisthemostbeautifulvillage___Ivisitedtheseyears.Awhichhereichthat2.Ihopethatthelittle____I’vebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.Awhichenato3.Aftermonthsofvoyage,Columbusarrivedin_____laterprovedtobeanewcontinent.AwhereWhichThat4.John______theexam;helooksverysad.AmighthavepassedBmightnothavepassedouldnothavepassedDshouldhavepassed5.Sincetheroadiswet,it_____lastnight.AmusthaverainedmustrainldrainDhadtorain6..IfIwereyouI____sometreesroundthehouse.AwouldplantBwouldhaveplantedldhadplantedwillplant7.Itishightimethatthechildren____tobed.A.shouldgoBgoeenhadbeenyoudidn’tknowtheruleswon’tbeasufficientexcuseforyourdelayingsubmittingthereport.A.ItisThatseWhat9.Theyareinvestigatingthequestion_____themanistrustworthy.AwhetherthatWhichThedoctorbroughtmother____aseriousillness.AbackB.offThroughhemanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimtotheinvestmentplan.A.workoutBmakeouttoutDbringout12.—Shallwehavethevolleyballmatchtomorrow?”AsnowsBissnowingwedDwillsnowThereisapurse__ontheground.A.laidBliedngLyingThosetwoideasarequitedistinct_______eachother.AwithBfromboutBysevenoclock,we______ourpictureyesterday.Bnotlateenoughtolearn______,cameto______,cametoseehim.BfinisheddfinishedDfinishgiftsmustbemailedimmediatelyintimeforChristmasAinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceivedoastobereceivedDsoastobereceivingohnANosoonerhadhebeguntoworkBHehadscarcelybeguntoworkCHardlyhadhebeguntoworkDJustashebegantoworkherobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantscanpreventhumanpersonnelfromtoradiation.AbeingexposedexposingvingexposedExposedLookchildrenplayingontheplaygroundA.thenumberof,areBthenumberof,isCanumberofareDanumberof,is20.Wewerepreventedbyheavysmogfrom________anything.A.seeBseensawDseeing21.Theparadekeptthetrafficfrom_______.AbeingmovedovingDhavingmoved_____.It’s_____.AlateenoughtolearntoolatetolearnDnolateasnotlearn23.Thisproject_____bytheendof2006willgreatlyimprovethebasicfacilityofthecity.Atobeaccomplishedtoaccomplishplishingccomplished___.24.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshard.___.AlearnBtolearnedearningIliketoeatthemooncakes____theopenair_____Mid-autumnFestivalnight．A.in,onBat,oninatD.at,in26.AssoonasIgot_____,Ifeltsick.A.onboardtheshipBontheboardoftheshipContoboardtheshipDontotheboardoftheship27.Veryfewscientists________completelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblem’s.AcomeupwithBcomeouteroundDcomeupto28.Itis_______ouradvantagetorecognizethischaracteristic.AwithBforTake29.Thisis______goodreadinghabitsarenotonlyanimportantstudyskillforthestudent,butanimportantlifeskillforanyone.AthathyWhen30._____,theydaretoundertakethedifficulttask.A.YoungastheyareBAstheyareyoungYoungtheyareDYoungtheyareasWhycantIsmokehere?Atnotimeinthemeeting-roomAissmokingpermittedBsmokingispermittedokingisitpermittedDdoessmokingpermit32.Importswillbeallowedinproportion__________exports.AtoBforD.of33.Peopleappreciate____withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.AtoworkBtohaveworkedghaveworking34.Theheat____isequaltotheelectricalenergy______.Aproducing,wastedBproducedwastedducedwastingDproducingwasting35.Itissaidthatnocity____NewYorkattractssomanypeopleofdifferentcultures.AotherthanBbetterthanethanDratherthan36.Thisproblemissaid____threetimes.AtohavebeentalkedBtohavediscussedvingbeendiscussedDtohavebeentalkedabout37.Itisdisappointingtonoticethat_____ofthetwoboyshaspassedthegeographyexamination.______sincemychildhood______sincemychildhood.Aneithereitherone_______38.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoortothe_______A.facingBfacesedDbeingfaced39.Withnothing_______toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.AleavinglefteDtoleave40.Negotiationsbetweenthetwosides______.AhavebrokendownBhavebrokenoutChavebrokeninDhavebrokeninto41.ThisiswhatIAhavebeenexpectingBhadbeenexpectingexpectedhadexpected_______42.Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthe_______AmakingherselfhearBtomakeherselfhearkingherselfheardDtomakeherselfheard43.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_______them.AcorrectorrectingctsDtocorrect44.LosingabusinLondon_____foranotherhour.AmeanwaitingBmeantowaitswaitingDmeanstowait45.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoBtobedoingohavedoneDhavingdone46.Thenewlawsthreatentodeprivemanypeople__________themostelementaryfreedoms.A.fromBforC.ofbout47.Shefeltthiswasthe_____wayoutofthisembarrassingsituation.Asensitivesensationalibleentimental48.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeBwhatourvillagelookslikeChowdoesourvillagelooklikeDhowourvillagelookslike49.Notonly______toustheimportanceofdoingtheworkbuttheyalsotoldusthebestwaytodoit.AdidtheyexplaintheyexplainedexplainDhadtheyexplained50.Thereis_____littlewaterthatitisnotenoughfor_____manypeople.A.so,suchB.such,soCso,soDsuch,such51.Veryfewpeopleunderstoodthiscontract,______wasveryobscure.AthelanguageBthelanguageofwhichallitsaidDwhichithadsaid52.Themeeting_____nextweekwillbeofgreatimportance.AtobeheldheldngDisheld53.Itrainedhardyesterday,______preventedmefromgoingtothepark.AthathichDIt_______54.Itmethreeyearstodrawthebeautiful_______AtookaidtCost55.Thebookfairhasreceivedapositive________fromreaders.AresultesponseementDSolution______56.Iwisheditbutitdid______AhadnotoccurredoccurrednotidnotoccurDwouldnotoccur57.CharlesSmith,______wasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.AwhichhoDas58.Theprofessoraskedaquestion,andDavid________agoodanswer.AputupwithBstoodupforeupwithDlookeddownupon59.Jennycomplainedthatthehospital________hertoomuchforthetreatment.AexpendedaidCharged60.Theypreferto_______therestofthemorningwalkinginthegarden.pendingdingrtIIReadingComprehensionPassage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OnThursdayafternoonMrs.Clarke,dressedforgoingout,tookherhandbagwithhermoneyandherkeyinit,pulledthedoorbehindhertolockitandwenttotheover60sClub.ShealwayswentthereonThursdays.Itwasaniceoutingforanoldwomanwholivedalone.Atsixo'clockshecamehome,letherselfinandatoncesmeltcigarettesmoke.Cigarettesmokeinherhouse?How?How?Hadsomeonegotin?Shecheckedthebackdoorandthewindows.Allwerelockedorfastened,asusual.Therewasnosignofforcedentry.Overacupofteashewonderedwhethersomeonemighthaveakeythatfittedherfrontdoor-"amasterkey"perhaps.SoshestayedathomethefollowingThursday.Nothinghappened.Wasanyonewatchinghermovements?OntheThursdayafterthatshewentoutatherusualtime,dressedasusual,butshedidn'tgototheclub.Insteadshetookashortcuthomeagain,lettingherselfinthroughhergardenandthebackdoor.Shesettleddowntowait.Itwasjustafterfouro'clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.Mrs.Clarkewasmakingacupofteaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletter-boxbeingpushedopen.Withthekettleofboilingwaterinherhand,shemovedquietlytowardsthefrontdoor.Alongpieceofwireappearedthroughtheletter-box,andthenahand.Thewireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknobonthedoor-lock.Mrs.Clarkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.Therewasashoutoutside,andtheskinseemedtodropoffthefingerslikeaglove.Thewirefelltothefloor,thehandwaspulledback,andMrs.Clarkeheardthesoundofrunningfeet.MrsClarkelookedforwardtoThursdaybecause_______.A.sheworkedataclubonthedayBshesaidvisitorsonThursdaysCshevisitedaclubonThursdayDaspecialvisitorcameonThursday2.Ifsomeonehadmadeaforcedentry,_______.AMrs.ClarkewouldhavefoundabrokendoororwindowBheorshewasstillinthehouseCthingswouldhavebeenthrownaboutDheorshewouldhaveneededamasterkey3.OnthethirdThursdayMrs.Clarkewentout_______.A.becauseshedidn'twanttomisstheclubagainBtoseeifthethiefwashangingaboutoutsideCtotheclubbutthenchangedhermindD.inanattempttotrickthethiefThelockonthefrontdoorwasonewhich_______.A.neededapieceofwiretoopenitBcouldheopenedfrominsidewithoutakeyCcouldntbeopenedwithoutakeyDusedaknobinsteadofakey5.Thewirefelltothefloor_______.A.becauseMrs.ClarkerefusedtoopenthedoorB.whentheman'sglovedroppedoffCbecauseitwastoohottoholdDbecausethemanjustwantedtogetawayPassage2Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomenoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantialytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals,Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,orefflunets,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Efflunetsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproductsOtherindustriesarepotentialeonomicusesforwasteproducts.6.Thepurposeofthispassageis______.A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupplyBtoexplainindustrialusesofwaterCtoacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblemsDtodemostratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblemWhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?A.Industrialdevelopmentincudesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.BDilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwaterCDemandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulationDIntensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals8.Thereadercanconcluedthat________.AcountriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpolutionproblemsBbyproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplaceCscienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersuppliesDsomeindustriesarenowtakingeconomicuseofwastes9.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof_______.AinterviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrolsBopinionsandpersonalobservationsefinitionswhichclarifyimportanttermsDstrongargumentsandpersuasionsThewordspriortopara.2)probablymean______.A.afterduringeeyondPassageEveryyearformorethanadecadeI'vegonewithsomegoodmalefriendstothemusicfestival.Womenarenotinvited,buttheydoprepareapicnicforourtrip.Thebetterthefood,themorelikelywearetocontinueourannualtraditionandgivethempeaceatleastoneweekoutoftheyear.Whenwe'renoteating,wesitaroundincirclesandtalkaboutmanlystuff:women,mostly.AfteryearsofthisspecialjourneyIhavefiguredoutwomenaredifferentfromus,especiallywhenitcomestohowwecommunicate.Womendon'tneedtomanufacturereasonstochat,butguysneedexcuseslikeoutingsororganizedevents.AndI'venoticedthatwhenwomenareingroupstherecanbeseveralconversationsgoingonatonce.Whenmenareinagroup,onemantalks,andeverybodyelselistens.It'slikebluegrassjamminginaway;onemusicianplaysthelead,andtheresttrytofollow.I'vehadmoreheartfeltconversationswithothermenatthefestivalthanI'vehadatanyothertimeinmylife,partlybecausetherearenowomenthere,andpartlybecausewe'reallalittledrunk.Itwasmalesbondingoverwhateverpartswestillhadleft.ThefestivalisalsotheonlyplaceI'veevercriedinfrontofothermen.Astheyearshaveslippedby,someinourgrouphavelostparentsandgrandparents,somehavedivorced,andothershavechangedcareers,notalwaysonpurpose.Itseemsthateveryyearsomethingdistressinghashappenedtoatleastonememberofourcrew,andtherestofusaretheretolistenandoffersupport.Ihopethatthiscolumncanoffersomecomforttowomen:ifyourmanheadsoutonabowlingorpokernightwiththeguys,behappy.Chancesaregoodhe'snotfleeingyouandthekids,buthe'srunningtowardtheconversationshecanonlyhavewithothermen,andhe'llcomehomethebetterforit.impliedinthefirstparagraphthatAthetripisareliefforbothmenandwomenBthetripwillcontinueinspiteofeverythingCthequalityofthepicnicneedsimprovementDthewomencanrarelygetpeacethemselvesenandwomendifferinthewaytheytalkinthatAmenliketoplaytheleadinconversationsBwomencanstrikeupatalkforanyreasonCmencanbeengagedinseveraltalksatonceDwomenaregoodlistenersinconversationsattheauthorcriedinfrontofothermenrevealsAtheeffectofbluegrassmusicuponmenBtheeffectofalcoholonmen'sbehaviorsCmensneedtoreleasetheirdeepemotionsDmensneedtocultivateintimatefriendshipWhatistheideathattheauthorwantstoconveyinparagraph5?A.Lifeisdoomedtobefullofdistresses.B.Changesaretheconstantthemeoflife.C.Friendshipstaysdespitechangesinlife.D.Lifeconsistsofsweatingandharvesting.thelastparagraphtheauthoradviseswomentoA.encouragetheirhusbandstoimprovetheirlifestyleBencouragetheirhusbandstogobowlingorplaypokerCgivetheirhusbandschancestofleefromhouseworkDgivetheirhusbandschancesformalecommunicationPassage4Personswhoareoverweightshouldwatchtheirdietcarefullyinordertolosepounds.Thebestwaytodothisistostartaweightcontrolprogram.Atfirstitiswisetotalkwithyourdoctor.Hecanadviseyouofthenumberofcalories(卡路里)youshouldhaveinyourmealseachday.Hecantellyouaboutexercisingwhileonyourdiet.Agoodruleistoloseslowly.Alossofapoundortwoisplenty.Planmealsaroundfoodsyouknow.Thismeansthatitiswisetoincludefoodsthatyouareusedtoandthatarepartofyourregulareatinghabits.Whenyouhavelosttheweightyouwish,simpleitemscanbeaddedtoyourdietsothatyoucanmaintaintheweightyouwant.Whileyouaredieting,trytobuildapatternofeatingthatyoucanfollowlatertomaintainyourdesiredweight.Whendieting,chooselow-caloriefoods.Avoidsuchitemsasfats,friedfood,sweets,cakes,creamandsoftdrinks.Trytotakecoffeeandteawithoutsugarorcream.Snackscanbepartofyourdiet.Forexample,apieceoffruitorasimpledessertsavedfrommealtimecanbeeatenbetweenmeals.Keepbusy!Thiswayyouwillnotbetemptedtogooffthediet.MakefulluseofopportunitiestoexerciseTrywalkinginsteadofridingwheneverpossible.Happydieting！ideaofthepassageA.Howtodiet.B.Whyweshoulddiet.C.Whatweshoulddiet.D.Whereweshoulddiet.Whiledietingyoushould______.AchoosefriedfoodsBchooselow-caloriefoodchoosesnackashamburgerinMcDonaldsDtalktoyourdoctorWhenyouhavelosttheweightyouwish,youcan________.AhavesomemoresimpleitemsinyourdietBeatmoreandmorefoodsyoulikedietingDtellthedoctorwhatyou‘vedonegtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueA.Whiledieting,youshouldaskthedoctorsothatyoucanloseyourweightquickly.B.Planmealsmeanstohavesomefoodsyoulikeandtakethemasyourdailyeatinghabits.C.Whenyouhavelostyourweight,youcanhavesomecoffeeandteawithoutsugarorcream.D.Asyouaredieting,don‘tforgetexercise.________.Ifyouwanttostartaweightcontrolprogram,you________.A.askyourdoctorBplanmealsandchooselow-caloriefoodsomeexerciseDalloftheabovePassage5Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty(保單),oranyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduceresultsHowever,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavour,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumersshouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofpurchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoesnotworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightoneisunclear"isbetterthan"Thisstereo(立體聲音響)doesnotwork."Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintaspolitelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesiredresult,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellertocourtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotectingconsumers’rights.21.Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddoisto_____.AcomplainpersonallytothemanagerBthreatentotakethemattertocourtCwriteafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchaseDshowsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore22.Ifaconsumerwantsaquicksettlementofhisproblem,it'sbettertocomplainto_____.AashopassistantBthestoremanagermanufacturerDapublicorganization23.Themosteffectivecomplaintcanbemadeby_____.AshowingthefaultyitemtothemanufacturerBexplainingexactlywhatiswrongwiththeitemC.sayingfirmlythattheitemisofpoorqualityDaskingpolitelytochangetheitem24.Theunderlinedphrase"liveupto"inthecontextmeans_____.A.meetthestandardofB.realizethepurposeofC.fulfilthedemandsofD.keepthepromiseof25.Thepassagetellsus_____.A.howtosettleaconsumer'scomplaintaboutafaultyitemBhowtomakeaneffectivecomplaintaboutafaultyitemChowtoavoidbuyingafaultyitemDhowtodealwithcomplaintsfromcustomersPassage6In1872,theUnitedStatesCongresscreatedYellowstoneNationalPark(黃石國家公園).Itwastheworld’sfirstnationalpark.DidyouknowthatYellowstoneNationalParkisaslargeasthestatesofDelawareandRhodeIslandcombined?YellowstonegetsitsnamefromtheyellowcliffsalongtheYellowstoneRiver,whichrunsthroughthepark.MillionsoftouristsvisitYellowstoneeachyear.TheywatchOldFaithfulandothergeysers (間歇泉)intheparkshoothotwaterintotheair.Theyseesteaminghotspringsandbubblingmudpots.Themudpotsaremadeofheatedclay.Touristsalsowatchbears,bison(美洲野牛),deer,moose,andotherwildlife.YellowstonesitsintheRockyMountains.ThegroundbeneathYellowstonecontainsalargeamountofhotmeltedrock,calledmagma(巖漿).Themagmaheatswaterintheground.ThePassage7steamingwaterpushestogettothesurface,muchlikesteamwhistlingfromaboilingteapot.Sometimestheheatedwaterformsageyser.Ageyserisaplacewherehotwatershootsupfromunderground.Therearemorethan300geysersinYellowstone,somebigandsomesmall.Othertimesthehotwaterseeps(滲出)fromthegroundasahotspring.ThereareevenmorehotspringsinYellowstonethangeysers.Themostfamousgeyser,OldFaithful,isinYellowstone.Itblowsitstopaboutevery30to90minutes.Itshootsthousandsofgallonsofhotwaterhighintotheair.VisitingOldFaithfulisahighlightofanytriptoYellowstone.There’saforestofstonetreesinYellowstonethatismillionsofyearsold.Thetreeswereonceburiedbyashfromavolcanoandweregraduallyturnedtostone.Therearealsobeautifullakes,rivers,andmountainstoseeandenjoy,whichisoneofthemajorreasonstoattractagreatmanytouristseachyear.Yellowstoneisrichwithwildlife.Hundredsofkindsofbirdsliveinthepark,includingbaldeagles.Yellowstoneishometomanylargeanimals.Visitorsmayseeblackbears,sheep,deer,andbison.Protectinganimalsinthewildisoneofthemostimportanttasksofthepark.Infact,thecreationofYellowstonehelpedsavebisonfrombeinghuntedtoextinctioninthelate1800s.Yellowstonewasoncehometothousandsofgraywolves.Butpeoplethoughttheyweredangerousandkilledthemoff.Thelastwolfintheparkwaskilledinthe1930s.In1995and1996,biologistsbroughtabout30wolvesfromCanadaandreleasedtheminsideYellowstone.Therearenowmorethan200wolvesinandaroundthepark!Today,seeingawolfisoneofYellowstone’sbigattractions.Accordingtothepassage,howlargeisYellowstoneNationalPark?A.AslargeasRhodeIsland.B.AslargeasDelaware.C.AslargeasRhodeIslandandDelawarecombined.D.TwiceaslargeaseitherRhodeIslandorDelaware.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesageyserinYellowstone?A.Itisahotspringthatattractsalotofvisitors.B.Itisaplacewherehotwatershootsupfromunderground.C.Thereareover300biggeysersinYellowstone.D.GeysersarethehottestwaterinYellowstone.Whichtypeofanimalsisnotsolikelytobeseeninthepark?A.Sheep.B.Deer.C.Pandas.D.Wolves.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutYellowstoneNationalPark?A.YellowstonegetsitsnamefromtheyellowcliffsalongtheYellowstoneRiver.B.Yellowstoneisrichwithwildlifeandhometomanylargeanimals.C.VisitingOldFaithfulisthemostinterestingpartofanytriptoYellowstone.D.There’saforestofstonetreesinYellowstonethatishundredsofyearsold.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabigattractionofthepark?A.Seeingawolf.B.WatchingOldFaithful.C.Enjoybeautifullakes.D.Huntingbison.Manyofusbelievethataperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.ButthisisnottrueaccordingtoDr.Jail,professorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwinswhowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDr.Jailcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.However,therewassomedeclineinpsychomotor(心理運(yùn)動)speed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltasksthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jail’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlywiththoseintheir30sand40s,butwiththoseintheir60sand70saswell.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthattheirmemoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadhearingtrouble,orpoorvision,inattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattooslowapace.Inthecaseswheretheolderperson'smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofdecayduetooldage.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.31.AccordingtoDr.Jail’sstudies,middle-agedandolderpeoplewould_____.ArememberlessBreasonbetterarnfewernewthingsDlosenointellectualability32.Theword“psychiatry”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans____.AthestudyofhumanbehaviorBthestudyofdiseaseofthemindCthestudyofproblemswithagingpersonsDthestudyoftwins’growth33.Mentaldecayduetoagingis_____.AcommonBmuchmorecommonthanmostpeoplebelieveCmuchlesscommonthanmostpeoplebelieveD.especiallytrueofthoseover60_____.Alongtermstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowed_____.AtheylostalittlereasoningabilityovertheyearsBtheirmemorywasnotasgoodasithadoncebeenCtheirmindsbecameabitmoreactiveastheygrewolderDtheirspeedtoperformmentaltasksreducedovertheyears35.Whatwecallmentaldecayisusuallyasignof_____.A.alow-spiritedstateBaworseningstateofhealthdagenervoustensionPassage8IthasbeenawidespreadbeliefthattheAmericanfamilyisdying.ButanewstudyrevealsthattheAmericanfamilyisstrongerthanever.ThisstudyaffordssurprisingevidenceofthepersistenceofAmericancommitmentstofamilylife.TheAmericanfamilyischanging,notdying.Itisbecomingsmaller,menandwomenarebecomingmoreequal,andthedivorcerateishigher.Butdespitethehighdivorcerate,marriagehasneverbeenmorepopular.Themajorityofdivorcedpeopleremarry,butonly2%marrymorethantwice.Mostmarriageslastalongtime,andalargeproportionofdivorcesarefromteenagemarriages.Dependingonthespecificsituation,there’softengoodreasonforteenagemarriagestobreakup.Thereisnoevidencethatchildrenreceivelessattentionfrommotherswhoworkoutsidethehomethanfrommothersworkinginsidethehome.Sofartheamountofeducationalordevelopmenttimehasn’tvariedverymuch,whetherornotthemotherworksoutsidethehome.Infact,workingmotherstrytomakeupf