--WORD#式--WORD#式-可編輯-Unit7HopingforthebetterUnderstandingandLearningOverviewThisunitdiscussestheissueofethicsandetiquette,andtheseriousnessoftheissue.Seemingly,newspapersandTVnewsaretellingusthatsomevirtuesarevanishing,honestyisgoingoutofstyle,especiallyintheacademiccommunity,andpeopleareruderandmoreinsensitivetoothersinmanyaspects.Ishonestyreallyoutofdate?Whatrudebehaviordopeoplehave?Whatformsofdishonestyexistoncampus?Isthephenomenonontherise?Whatotherethicalandetiquetteproblemsarethereonandoffcampus?TextAshowshowhonestyisnotvaluedasmuchasbeforeacrossalllayersofsociety.Therearealsodifferentkindsofdishonestbehaviorsinschool,forexample,cheatingandplagiarism.Studentsshouldrealizethoseactsaretotallywrongandunethicalandtheyshouldnotdoso.TextBdiscussesvariousformsofpooretiquetteandthereasonsbehindthem.Italsocallsonustopracticekindnessandstriveforabetter,brighterworldforusall.Classactivitiescanbedesignedtomakestudentsreviewcheatingandrudebehaviorsonandoffcampus.Theteachermayaskstudentstoreflectonwhethertheyhaveeverengagedincheatingorrudebehaviors.Classdiscussionaboutbadbehaviorsandrole-playingarerecommended.BeforereadingTextA,askstudentstolistdishonestphenomenaoncampus,andcommentonthecausesandconsequencesofeachphenomenon.Second,askstudentstoexplorethereasonswhycheatingiscommonatcollege.Third,askstudentstodiscusssomewell-knownscandalsinacademia.Finally,letthemthinkaboutwhatteachersandstudentscandorespectivelytoimprovethesituation.BeforereadingTextB,studentscanenumeratetherudedeedsthattheyhaveobserved.Thentheymaydiscusspossiblecausesandsevereconsequencesforsuchdeeds.Finally,studentsshouldtrytoprovidesolutionstotoday'setiquetteproblems.AssuggestedintheUnitproject,askstudentstowriteshortplaysaboutrudebehaviorsanddoarole-play.SectionAWhenhonestydisappearsBackgroundinformation1.AbrahamLincolnAbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)wasthe16thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1861to1865.HeledthecountrythroughtheAmericanCivilWar,preservingtheUnion,endingslavery,andpromotingeconomicandfinancialdevelopment.BroughtupinapoorfamilyonafarminKentucky,Lincolnwasmostlyself-educated.Thoughwithoutaformaleducation,hisspeakingskillsandpracticeindebateswonhimnationalrecognition.HewaselectedtheUSpresidentin1860.TheCivilWarbeganinApril1861whentheSouthernstatesdeclaredtowithdrawfromtheUnion.In1863,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamation（《解放宣言》）andthe13thAmendmenttotheUSConstitutionthatdeclaredallslavesfreemen.In1864,Lincolnwasre-electedpresidentforasecondterm.OnApril14,1865atFord'sTheatreinWashington,D.C.,LincolnwasshotandkilledbyJohnWilkesBooth,whowasastageactorandstronglyopposedtheabolitionofslaveryintheUnitedStates.AmongAmericanheroes,Lincolncontinuestohaveauniqueappealforhisfellowcountrymenandalsoforpeopleofotherlands.LincolnhasbeenconsistentlyregardedasoneofthegreatestUSpresidents.TheLincolnMemorialinWashington,D.C.,wasdedicatedtohimonMay30,1922.DetailedstudyofthetextAsnumerousaccountsofcheating,lying,andfraudcrowdournewspaperpagesandTVnews,itseemsthathonestyisarapidlyvanishingvalue.(Para.1)Meaning:FromournewspapersandTVnews,wereadcountlessreportsaboutpeoplecheating,lying,anddeceiving.Honestyasavaluablemeritseemstobedisappearingquickly.fraud:n.[C,U]thecrimeofdeceivingpeopleinordertogainsth.suchasmoneyorgoods欺詐；詐騙Theysaidthatitwasthetemptationofmoneythatledthemtocommitthefraud.他們說(shuō)正是受到金錢(qián)的誘惑他們才去行騙的。crowd:vt.Ifpeopleorthingscrowdaplace,therearealotofthemthere擠滿；塞滿Thanksgivingshopperscrowdedthedepartmentstore.那家百貨大樓里擠滿了感恩節(jié)的購(gòu)物者。Andthereportsindicatethat,aroundtheglobe,corruptionanddishonestyaresowidespreadthatthehealthandwell-beingofsocietyareatrisk.(Para.1)Meaning:Andthereportsshowthatimmoralanddishonestbehaviorsaresocommonworldwidethattheworldmaybecomelesshealthyandlesscomfortabletolivein.corruption:n.[U]dishonest,川egal,orimmoralbehavior,esp.fromsb.withpower(尤指有權(quán)勢(shì)者的)貪污，賄賂，受賄，腐敗Wethinkallgovernmentsshouldservetheirpeopleandseektoendcorruption.我們認(rèn)為所有的政府都應(yīng)該服務(wù)于人民，并且力求消除腐敗well-being:n.[U]afeelingofbeingcomfortable,healthy,andhappy舒適；健康；幸福Beingfullyemployedcandowondersforyoursenseofwell-being.整日忙忙碌碌能神奇地讓你有一種幸福感。Thosereportsincludestoriessuchasthestudentswhofacedcriminalchargesforsellinginadvancecopiesofauniversityfinalexam,astudentwhowasexpelledwhenheturnedinatermpaperwiththepurchasereceiptforitstillinsidethepages,andaclerkwhoranhisownChristmascardsthroughtheofficepostagemeterandwasfoundoutwhenhesentoneofthecardstothecompanytreasurer!(Para.1)Meaning:Thesereportscontainthefollowingstories:thestudentswereaccusedbecausetheysoldcopiesofauniversityfinalexampaperbeforethefinalexam;astudentwasforcedtoleaveuniversitypermanentlybecauseheboughtatermpaperandsubmitteditwiththepurchasereceiptstillleftinsidethepages;andaclerkusedtheofficepostagemetertomailhisownChristmascards,andhischeatingbehaviorwasdiscoveredwhenhesentoneoftheChristmascardstothecompanytreasurer!expel:vt.Officiallyforcesb.Toleaveaplaceororganizationbecauseoftheirbadbehavior強(qiáng)迫(某人)離開(kāi)；驅(qū)逐；開(kāi)除Twoseniorstudentshavebeenexpelledforcheatingonthefinalexam.兩名大四學(xué)生因?yàn)樵谄谀┛荚嚂r(shí)作弊而被學(xué)校開(kāi)除。turnin:(BrEhandin)giveapieceofworkyouhavedonetoateacher,youremployer,etc.上交Ican'tgotomovieswithyou.Ihaveanassignmenttoturnintomorrow.我不能和你去看電影。我明天還有作業(yè)要交呢。purchase:n.[C,U](fml.)sth.youbuy,ortheactofbuyingit購(gòu)買(mǎi)(的東西)Advertisersneedtolearnwhatwillmotivatepeopletomakeapurchase.廣告商需要了解什么會(huì)刺激人們買(mǎi)東西。vt.(fml.)buysth.購(gòu)買(mǎi)ThemuseumistryingtoraiseenoughmoneytopurchaseapaintingbyvanGogh.這家博物館正在努力籌集資金去購(gòu)買(mǎi)梵?高的一幅畫(huà)。treasurer:n.[C]sb.whoisofficiallyresponsibleforthemoneyforanorganization,club,politicalparty,etc.財(cái)務(wù)主管；司庫(kù)Wehaveallreadorheardaccountssuchasthese,nottomentionthestoriesofdishonestyamongstalllayersofsocietyasexemplifiedbyconsumerswhostealandpoliticianswhodemandbribes.(Para.1)Meaning:Wehaveallreadorheardstorieslikethese,noteventotalkaboutmoredisgracefulstoriesofdishonestyateverylevelofsociety,forexample,customersstealingthingsandpoliticiansillegallyaskingformoneyorgifts.nottomentionsth.:usedtointroduceanadditionalthingthatmakesasituationevenmoredifficult,surprising,interesting,etc.更不用說(shuō)某事了。HeownsalotofpropertyinNewYork,nottomentionseveralluxuriouscars.他在紐約有很多財(cái)產(chǎn)，更不必說(shuō)擁有好幾輛彖車(chē)了。layer:n.[C]alevelorrankwithinanorganizationorsystem(組織或體系中的)層，級(jí)別，階層Therearetoomanylayersofmanagementinthecompanytomakeaquickdecision.公司有太多的管理層，無(wú)法迅速做由決定。anamountorpieceofamaterialorsubstancethatcoversasurfaceorthatisbetweentwootherthings表層；層Theboysbegantodigandweresurprisedwhentheydiscoveredalayerofstones.男孩子們開(kāi)始挖掘，而且驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一層石塊。★exemplify:vt.beatypicalexampleofsth.作為…的范例；當(dāng)做…的典型MarkTwain'snovelTheAdventuresofTomSawyerexemplifies19th-centurylifeintheUnitedStates.馬克?吐溫的小說(shuō)《湯姆?索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》體現(xiàn)了19世紀(jì)美國(guó)的生活。giveanexampleofsth.舉例說(shuō)明我將用一個(gè)故事Iwillexemplifymypointwithastory.我將用一個(gè)故事來(lái)說(shuō)明我的觀點(diǎn)?！颾ribe:n.[C]moneyoragiftthatyouillegallygivesb.topersuadethemtodosth.foryou賄賂Itwassaidthathealwaysrefusedtotakebribeswhileinoffice.據(jù)說(shuō)他在執(zhí)政時(shí)一直拒絕受賄。vt.illegallygivesb.esp.apublicofficial,moneyoragiftinordertopersuadethemtodosth.foryou賄賂;收買(mǎi)Hewasbribedintogivingsecretinformationofhiscompanytoanothercompany.他被收買(mǎi)而把公司的機(jī)密泄露給了另一家公司。5.Travelersrippedoffsomanytowelslastyearthatitcostamajorhotelchain$3milliontoreplacethem.Especiallytroublingarethereportsthatdishonestyisincreasingamongststudentpopulationsaroundtheworld.(Para.1)★rip:vt.removesth.quicklybypullinghard撕掉；扯掉GillyrippedoutasheetofpaperfromMary'snotebooktotakenotes.吉利從瑪麗的筆記本上撕下一頁(yè)紙記筆記。v.teatsth.orbetornquicklyandviolently撕；扯；被撕裂；被扯開(kāi)IrippedmyjeansonthefencewhenItriedjumpingoverit.當(dāng)我試著要跳過(guò)柵欄時(shí)，我的牛仔褲被撕破了。ripoff:(infml.)stealsth.盜竊Hewalkedintothestoreandrippedoffapairofgloves.他走進(jìn)商店，偷了一副手套。chargesb.toomuchmoneyforsth.敲?,竹杠Touristsareworriedthey'llgetrippedoff.游客們擔(dān)心被敲竹杠。Note:Inthesentencechainreferstoanumberofshops,hotels,cinemas,etc.ownedormanagedbythesamecompanyorperson.Forexample:achainofrestaurants/arestaurantchain連鎖飯店UsageNoteEspecially,specially1.especially是副詞，表示“尤其；特別；格外”，通常用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或者對(duì)前面的陳述作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可以用在名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或者從句等的前面。例如：Hewaskindtohisstaff,especiallythosewhoweresickorintrouble.他對(duì)員工非常好，尤其是對(duì)那些生病的或者遇到麻煩的員工。Feedbackisespeciallyimportantinlearningskills.反饋意見(jiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)技能的過(guò)程中尤其重要。Thisisaverycommonword,especiallyinspokenEnglish.這是一個(gè)很常用的詞，尤其是在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中oNoiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.噪音使人不舒服，尤其是當(dāng)你想要入睡時(shí)。注意：especially不可用與句首。例如：Helovesfruit.Heespeciallylikeskiwi.(Not:Especiallyhelikes…)他愛(ài)吃水果，尤其喜歡彳彌猴桃。2.specially是副詞，表示“專門(mén)地；特意”，強(qiáng)調(diào)唯一的目的。例如：Shereturnedtoherhometownspeciallytoseehermother.她特地回家鄉(xiāng)看望母親。Butarethesereportstrulyaccurateordotheyexaggeratethesituation?(Para.2)Meaning:Butarethesereportscorrectandexactordotheymakethesituationlookworsethanitreallyis?★accurate:a.correctandtrueineverydetail正確的;準(zhǔn)確的Accuraterecordsaboutthisaccidentmustbekeptforfurtherinvestigation.必須準(zhǔn)確記錄這次事故，以便以后進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步調(diào)查?！飁xaggerate:v.makesth.seembetter,larger,worse,etc.thanitreallyis夸大；夸張；言過(guò)其實(shí)Shellyadmittedthatshedidsometimesexaggeratethedifficultyofherjob.謝莉承認(rèn)，她有時(shí)候確實(shí)夸大了自己的工作難度。Shouldwebealarmedbytheseaccountsoffallingstandardsofprinciplesandmorality?(Para.2)Meaning:Shouldwefeelworriedwhenhearingthesereportsthatthestandardsofmoralbeliefsandideasaredeclining?alarmed:a.(notusu.beforenoun)frightenedorworriedthatsth.unpleasantordangerousmighthappen驚恐的；憂慮的；擔(dān)心的Manypeoplewerealarmedbythenewsreportsaboutthebirdflu.許多人都對(duì)于禽流感的新聞報(bào)道感到很恐慌。principle:n.[C,U]amoralruleorbeliefaboutwhatisrightandwrong,thatinfluenceshowyoubehave道德原貝U;行為準(zhǔn)則Itwouldbeagainstmyprinciplestolietomyparentsaboutanything.對(duì)父母撒任何謊都是違背我的原則的。[C]thebasicideathataplanorsystemisbasedon原則；原理；基本的觀念Herecommendedatextbookwhichteachesthebasicprinciplesofgeometry.他推薦了一本有關(guān)幾何學(xué)基本原理的課本?！飉orality:n.[U]beliefsorideasaboutwhatisrightandwrongandabouthowpeopleshouldbehave道德;道德觀Unemploymentisnottheissue;therealproblemisthedeclineinpublicmorality.失業(yè)并不是問(wèn)題，真正的問(wèn)題是公眾道德水平的下降。8.Theassumptionisthatstudentdishonestyismoreextensivenowthanitwas20,50,100yearsago.Ifso,what'sbehindit?(Para.2)Meaning:Itisbelievedthatstudentdishonestyisnowmorewidespreadthanitwas20,50,100yearsago.Ifthisistrue,whatcausesthisphenomenon?★extensive:a.largeinsize,amount,ordegree廣闊的；大量的;大規(guī)模的Extensiverepairworkisgoingtobeginsoon.大規(guī)模的修繕工作很快就要開(kāi)始了。containingordealingwithalotofinformationanddetails廣泛的；全面的Hetriedtoimpressuswithhisextensiveknowledgeofwine.他試圖用他豐富的葡萄酒知識(shí)來(lái)給我們留下深刻印

★behind:prep.usedfortalkingaboutthehiddensbehindthischargeofhisplan.reasonforsth.在?一背后(用于表示某事背后的原因)sbehindthischargeofhisplan.我想'sdeeplytroublingas'sleaders!(Para.2)does我想'sdeeplytroublingas'sleaders!(Para.2)doesexist,itisverystudentswillbecome知道他改變計(jì)劃的原因是什么。Ifthisisindeedthecase,ittoday'sstudentsaretomorrowMeaning:Ifsuchasituationworryingbecausetoday'sleadersinthefuture!★Ifthis/thatisthecase:usedtodescribewhatyouwilldo,orwhatwillhappen,asaresultofaparticularsituationorevent如果是這樣、那樣的話Hesaidhedidnotcomebecausehehadafamilyemergency.Ifthatsthecase,Iwillapologizetohimformyharshwords.他說(shuō)他沒(méi)來(lái)是因?yàn)榧依锷思笔?。如果是那樣的話，我?huì)為我說(shuō)了那些傷人的話而向他道歉。It'spossiblethatthedesiretocheatisnogreaterthaninthepast.However,thecriticalimportanceofhavingauniversitydegreemayhaveincreasedthepressuretocheatinacademicenvironments.(Para.2)Meaning:It'spossiblethatnowadayspeople'sdesiretocheathasnotbecomestrongerthaninthepast.However,sinceitisextremelyimportanttoobtainauniversitydegree,thismaycausegreaterpressureforstudentstocheatinstudies.UsageNotenogreaterthan是一種特殊形式的比較級(jí)，由“no+形容詞比較級(jí)+than”構(gòu)成。例如：Sheisnotallerthanheryoungersister.她不比她妹妹高。CollocationNoteInthissentence,wecomeacrossacollocationacademicenvironments.Thewordacademicisaveryactiveword.Wecanalsosayacademiccommunity,academicsetting,academicmisconduct,etc.Undoubtedly,moderntechnologyfacilitatesthemeansandopportunitiestocheat.(Para.2)Meaning:Certainly,moderntechnologyprovidesstudentswithmoreconvenientwaysandchancetocheat.★facilitate:vt.(fml.)makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappen促進(jìn)；使便禾UThedevelopmentoftheInternetgreatlyfacilitatespeople'scommunication.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展大大方便了人們之間的交流?！飉eans:n.[C](pl.means)awayofdoingorachievingsth.手段；方法；工具Themoveisameanstofightcrime.這個(gè)行動(dòng)是打擊犯罪的一個(gè)手段。Thedemandingtaskofwritingtermpapershasalwaysbeenasourceoftensenervesandfrustration,ifnottheultimatehomeworknightmare.(Para.2)Meaning:Althoughthedifficulttaskofwritingtermpapersmaynotbethemostterriblehomework,itissochallengingthatithasbeenmakingstudentsfeelveryworried,annoyed,upset,andimpatient.--WORD#式--WORD#式-可編輯WOR隔式--WOR隔式-可編輯-★nerve:n.(~s)[pl.]aworriedfeelingthatmakesyouafraidthatyouwillnotbeabletodosth.well精神緊張；焦慮不安；神經(jīng)質(zhì)Calmyourtensenervesbydeepbreathing,notbyhavinganotherdrink.用深呼吸來(lái)緩解你的緊張不安，而不是再繼續(xù)喝酒。[C]神經(jīng)frustrate:vt.makesb.feelannoyedandimpatientbypreventingthemfromdoingorgettingsth.阻撓；使煩惱；使灰心Ifyougiveachildamathproblemthatishardtosolve,youmayfrustratehim.如果你讓一個(gè)孩子做太難的數(shù)學(xué)題，你會(huì)使他氣餒的。frustration:n.[C,U]thefeelingofbeingannoyed,upset,orimpatient,becauseyoucannotcontrolorchangeasituation,orachievesth.懊喪；懊惱；沮喪Iwasclosetotearswithfrustration,butIheldback.我沮喪得快要哭生來(lái)，但我忍住了。ultimate:a.(onlybeforenoun)better,bigger,worse,etc.thanallotherthingsorpeopleofthesamekind最由色的；最大的；最糟糕的Inthewar,hegavehislifeandtherebypaidtheultimateprice.他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中犧牲了，因此付由了最大的代價(jià)。sb.'sultimateaimistheirmainandmostimportantaim,thattheyhopetoachieveinthefuture(目標(biāo)等)最終的，首要的Hisultimategoalatthemomentistogoandstudyoutofthecountry.現(xiàn)在他的首要目標(biāo)是去國(guó)外讀書(shū)。happeningattheendofaprocessoractivity最終的；最后的Theultimateoutcomeoftheexperimentcannotbepredicted.實(shí)驗(yàn)的最后結(jié)果無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)。UsageNoteInthissentencetheconjunctionifhasaspecialusage.Itisusedwhenyouareaddingthatsomethingmaybeevenmore,less,better,worse,etc.thanyou

havejustsaid.Forexample:Thesnowissodeep,makingitdifficult,ifnoimpossible,togetthecaroutofthegarage.雪很厚，要把車(chē)從車(chē)庫(kù)里開(kāi)由來(lái)雖說(shuō)不是不可能，但是很困難。Butnow,withInternetaccess,illegalresourcesarejustafewlinksaway.(Pare.2)byclickingonaMeaning:Butnow,withtheuseoftheInternet,onecanobtainunlawfulresourcesjustwebsite.byclickingonatoselltobaccoto★illegal:a.notallowedbythelaw違法的toselltobaccotoInsomecountries,itis川egalsomeoneunder16.在有些國(guó)家，由于煙草給16歲以下者是違法的。Modernstudentswhowanttofakeatermpaperdon'thavetobrowselong.(Para.3)Meaning:Nowadays,studentsdon'tneedtospendalongtimeastealing"onlinepapersandideastobeusedintheirowntermpaper.★fake:vt.makesth.seemrealinordertodeceivepeople偽造；仿造Thecriminalfakedanidentitycardtoavoidinvestigation,buthewascaughteventually.這名罪犯?jìng)卧炝艘粋€(gè)假身份證來(lái)逃避調(diào)查，但他最終還是被抓住了。n.[C]acopyofavaluableobject,painting,etc.thatisintendedtodeceivepeople鷹品；假貨Thepaintingheboughtonlinewasprovedtobeafake.他在網(wǎng)上買(mǎi)的這幅畫(huà)被證實(shí)是鷹品。a.（usu.beforenoun）madetolooklikearealmaterialorobjectinordertodeceivepeople偽造的；冒充的Thebankusesspecialmachinestodetectfakemoney.銀行用特殊的機(jī)器來(lái)識(shí)別假鈔?！颾rowse:v.searchforinformationonacomputerorontheInternet（在計(jì)算機(jī)或因特網(wǎng)上）瀏覽（信息）StudentsbrowsedtheInternetforinformationontheassignedtopic.學(xué)生們?yōu)g覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以查找與作用題目相關(guān)的信息。lookatthegoodsinashopwithoutwantingtobuyanyparticularthing(在商店里)隨便看看ThetouristsweregivenenoughtimetobrowsearoundthefashionshopsinParis.給游客們留生了足夠的時(shí)間在巴黎逛時(shí)裝店。vi.lookthroughthepagesofabook,magazine,etc.withoutaparticularpurpose,justlookingatthemostinterestingparts.隨意翻閱；瀏覽OnweekendsMikelikestobrowsethroughmagazinesinthelibrary.周末麥克喜歡在圖書(shū)館里瀏覽雜志。Theyonlyhavetolocatetheappropriatewebsite,purchaseororderonlinepapers,orevendownloadthemforfree.(Para.3)Meaning:Theyonlyneedtofindtherightwebsite,buyororderpapersfromit,orevendownloadthemwithoutpayinganymoney.★locate:vt.findtheexactpositionofsth.我由…的準(zhǔn)確位置X-raysareusedtolocatebreaksinbonesandtotreatcertaindiseases.X光可以用來(lái)確定骨折的位置，并用于治療某些疾病。(be~edin/near,etc.sth.)beinaparticularpositionorplace位于某處/位于某處附近等Theshoppingcenterislocatedneartherailwaystation.這個(gè)購(gòu)物中心位于火車(chē)站附近。appropriate:a.correctorsuitableforaparticulartime,situation,orpurpose恰當(dāng)?shù)?；合適的Sometimesagesturethatisappropriateinonecultureisinsultinginanother.有時(shí)候一種文化中得體的手勢(shì)在另一種文化中卻被認(rèn)為具有侮辱性。Busy,cost-consciousstudentswillfindother“l(fā)ow-priced"termpapersonwebsitesthatpromiseconsumers“Youwillbehappyandsuccessful”(Para.3)Meaning:Studentswhoarebusyandareconcernedaboutsavingmoneywillfindothertermpaperswithlowpricesonthewebsiteswhichpromisebuyers“Youwillbehappyandsuccessful”.★conscious:a.thinkingalotaboutorconcernedaboutsth.關(guān)注的；有意識(shí)的；注重Shewasveryconsciousofsecurity.她非常注重安全。NoteConsciousinthissenseisalsoasuffix（-conscious）,usedwithsomenounsandadverbstomakeadjectivesdescribingapersonororganizationthatgivesalotofattentiontoaparticularsubjectorthing,forexample,fashion-conscious（有時(shí)尚意識(shí)的）,age-conscious（有年齡意識(shí)的）,environmentally-conscious（有環(huán)保意識(shí)的）,socially-conscious（有社會(huì)意識(shí)的）.（notbeforenoun）noticingorrealizingsth.注意至U的;意識(shí)到的Whetherweareconsciousofitornot,ourbodylanguagetellswhatwereallyfeel.不管我們是否意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)，我們的肢體語(yǔ)言傳達(dá)了我們的真正感受awakeandabletounderstandwhatishappeningaroundyou清醒的；有知覺(jué)的；神志清醒的WhenIfirstwokeupandbecameconsciousagain,Ididn'trememberanythingabouttheaccident.當(dāng)我剛醒過(guò)來(lái)，恢復(fù)意識(shí)的時(shí)候，我一點(diǎn)也不記得那場(chǎng)事故了。SomepeopleworrythattheInternet,oncehailedastheultimatelearningtool,couldbecomethebestaidyetforcheating.(Para.3)Meaning:SomepeopleareworriedthattheInternet,whichwasoncedescribedasthebestlearningtool,couldbecomethemosteffectivemeansofcheating.★thebest/biggest/worst,etc.(sth.)yet:usedtosaythatsth.isthebest,biggest,worst,etc.ofitskindthathasexisteduptonow迄今為止最好/最大/最糟糕的(某物)等Thiscouldturnouttobeourbiggestmistakeyet.這也許會(huì)是我們至今為止犯下的最大錯(cuò)誤。Tocopewiththegrowingplagueofcheating,universitiesaroundtheworldnowuseanti-plagiarismsoftwareandhaveverystrictcheatingandplagiarismpolicies.（Para.4）Meaning:Todealwiththeincreasingcasesofcheating,universitiesaroundtheworldnowusecomputerprogramsthatcandetectifastudenthascopiedotherpeople'sworkorideaswithoutgivingcredittotheoriginalauthor;andtheyalsohaveverystrictpoliciestodealwithcheatingandcopying.cope:vi.Succeedindealingwithadifficultproblemorsituation（成功地）應(yīng)付，對(duì)付ShecopedverywellasaCEOwhilestilltakingcareofher3-year-olddaughter.她既當(dāng)首席執(zhí)行官，又要照顧3歲的女兒，兩樣她都干得非常好。copewith:dealsuccessfullywithsth.difficult（成功地）對(duì)付，處理Tomydelight,hewasabletocopewiththestressofhisstudy.令我高興的是，他能夠應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上的壓力。plague:n.[sing]sth.thatisverycommonandharmful普遍的禍害Haveyounoticedtheplagueofviolenceinthatcountry?你注意到那個(gè)國(guó)家普遍存在的暴力危害嗎？plagiarism:n.[U]whensb.usesanotherperson'swords,ideas,orworkandpretendstheyaretheirown剽竊；抄襲MorethanhalfoftheteachersinthesurveysaidtheythoughtplagiarismfromtheInternetwasaseriousoffense.在這項(xiàng)調(diào)查中，超過(guò)半數(shù)的老師認(rèn)為剽竊網(wǎng)上的資源是嚴(yán)重的侵權(quán)行為。Ifstudentsarecaughtplagiarizingorcheatinginanyway,theywillbeimmediatelyexpelledfromschool.(Para.4)Meaning:Ifstudentsarefoundcopyingotherpeople'sworkorcheatinginanyway,theywillatoncebeforcedtoleaveschoolpermanently.★plagiarize:v.takewordsorideasfromanotherperson'sworkandusetheminyourwork,withoutstatingthattheyarenotyourown票“竊；抄襲Heplagiarizedmostofthebook.Nowhemustsuffertheconsequencesforhisdishonesty.他票“竊了HE本書(shū)里的大部分內(nèi)容?，F(xiàn)在他必須為自己的不誠(chéng)實(shí)承擔(dān)后果。Somecollegefacultydecidedtodomorethantalkaboutrisingstudentcheating.(Para.4)Meaning:Somecollegefacultydecidedtotakeactiontodealwithincreasingstudentcheatinginsteadofjusttalkingaboutit.Professorsatamajoruniversitylaunchedacampaigntotrytoeliminateoneformofcheating.(Para.4)Meaning:Professorsatabiguniversitystartedamovementtotrytogetridofonekindofcheating.★launch:vt.startsth.,usu.sth.bigorimportant發(fā)動(dòng)；發(fā)起；開(kāi)始進(jìn)行Thecompanydecidedtolaunchanewadvertisementcampaigntoincreasethesales.公司決定開(kāi)展新的廣告宣傳活動(dòng)來(lái)提高銷(xiāo)售額。makeanewproduct,book,etc.availableforsaleforthefirsttime把（新產(chǎn)品、新書(shū)等）投放市場(chǎng)；曲版；發(fā)行ThecompanyannounceditwilllaunchanewversionofitssoftwareinJanuary.該公司宣布將在1月份將其新版軟件投放市場(chǎng)。sendaweaponorspacecraftintotheskyorintospace發(fā)射（武器或宇宙飛船）Wehavesucceededinlaunchingseveralcommunicationssatellites.我們已經(jīng)成功發(fā)射了幾顆通信衛(wèi)星?！颿ampaign:n.[C]aseriesofactionsintendedtoachieveaparticularresultrelatingtopoliticsorbusiness,orasocialimprovement運(yùn)動(dòng)；（宣傳）活動(dòng)Thecommunityhasstartedacampaignagainstsmokinginpublic.該社區(qū)開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙的活動(dòng)。aseriesofbattles,attacks,endedtoachieve戰(zhàn)役aparticularresultinawar戰(zhàn)役Thisvictorywastheturningpointofthecampaign.這場(chǎng)勝利是整個(gè)戰(zhàn)役的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)?！飁liminate:vt.getridofsth.thatisnotwantedorneeded消除；剔除；根除Wearetakingallmeasureswithinourpowertoeliminateviolence.我們正在采取我們力所能及的一切措施來(lái)消除暴力。(usu.passive)removesb.fromacompetitionorelection(在比賽或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中)淘汰Iwaseliminatedfromthe400metersinthesemifinal.我在400米半決賽中被淘汰。CollocationNoteHerearesomeveryusefulcollocationpairs:Universitiesaroundtheworldlaunchacampaigntoeliminatecheating(Para.4).Thosewhofaketermpapers(Para.3)willbefacedwithcriminalcharges(Para.1).Formorecolorfulcollocationpairs,pleaserefertotheteachersnotesfortheCollocationsectioninthisunit.As409studentsfiledoutoftheirIntroductiontoPsychologyexam,theyfoundallbuttooneexitblocked.(Para.4)Meaning:As409studentswalkedinalineoutoftheclassroomaftertheytooktheirIntroductiontoPsychologyexam,theyfoundonlyoneexitwasopenwhilealltheotherexitswereblocked.★file:vi.(~into/across/past,etc.)ifpeoplefilesomewhere,theywalkthereinaline排成縱隊(duì)行進(jìn)；魚(yú)貫而行Webegantofileoutofthecinemaafterthefilmwasover.電影結(jié)束后，我們依次走由電影院。★allbut:everythingoreveryoneexceptsth.orsb.除…外全部Allbutoneofthepassengerswerekilledintheaccident.除了一個(gè)乘客外，其他人都在這起事故中喪生。TestmonitorsaskedeachstudenttoproduceanIDcardwithanattachedphoto.(Para.4)Meaning:ThosewhocametocheckandobservethetestaskedeachstudenttoshowanIDcardwithaphotoonit.monitor:n.[C]sb.whosejobistowatchanactivityorasituationtoseehowitchangeordevelops,ortomakesurethatitisfairandlegal監(jiān)督員；核查員UNmonitorswillremaininthecountrytosupervisetheelections.聯(lián)合國(guó)檢查員將留在該國(guó)監(jiān)督選舉。produce:vt.ifyouproduceanobject,youbringitoutorpresentit,sothatpeoplecanseeorconsiderit由示；拿由Theywereunabletoproduceanystatisticstoprovetheirclaims.他們拿不由任何統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)證明他們的說(shuō)法。★attach:vt.fastenorconnectoneobjecttoanother系；綁；貼；固定；連接；附上I'llattachacopyofthedocumentforyourreference.我會(huì)附上一份文件供你參考。attached:a.joinedorfixedtosth.連接的；附力口的Toapplyforthisposition,pleasecompletethe--WORD#式--WORD#式-可編輯WOR隔式--WOR隔式-可編輯-attachedform.要申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位，請(qǐng)?zhí)顚?xiě)附帶的表格。attachedform.IftheyprovidedasatisfactoryID,theywerefine.IftheyhadlefttheirIDathome,theofficialsconfrontedthemandtooktheirpicture.(Para.4)Meaning:IftheyprovidedanacceptableID,therewouldbenoproblem.IftheyhadlefttheirIDathome,theofficialsstoppedthemandquestionedthem,andthentooktheirphoto.satisfactory:a.goodenoughtobeacceptedinaparticularsituation令人滿意的Theresultsoftheoperationwerequitesatisfactory;boththepatientandhisfamilywerehappy.手術(shù)結(jié)果令人十分滿意，病人和家屬都很高興。confront:vt.accusesb.ofdoingsth.,esp.byshowingthemtheproof對(duì)質(zhì)；當(dāng)面對(duì)證Iconfrontedhimwithmysuspicions,andheadmittedeverything.我當(dāng)面向他提由自己的懷疑，他承認(rèn)了一切。facesb.sothattheycannotavoidseeingandhearingyou,eap.inanunfriendlyordangeroussituation面對(duì)；對(duì)抗；與(某人)對(duì)峙Openingthedoor,hefoundhimselfconfrontedbyadozenpolicemenwithguns.當(dāng)他打開(kāi)門(mén)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)十幾名警察正拿著槍對(duì)著他。dealwithadifficultsituation正視；處理；面對(duì)Theteacherishelpingthestudentsconfronttheirproblemsinthecourseofstudy.老師正在幫學(xué)生解決他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中所遇到的問(wèn)題。Thepurposeofthecampaignwastorevealhiredcheaters,studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents.(Para.4)Meaning:Thepurposeofthemovementwastouncoverthosestudentswhowerehiredtotaketestsforotherstudents.★reveal:vt.makeknownsth.thatwaspreviouslysecretorunknown揭示；揭露；透露Manywomendonotwanttorevealtheirtrueagein

frontofothers.很多女性不愿意在別人面前透露自己的真實(shí)年齡。Themajorityofstudentsattheuniversityapplaudedthenewstrategy.(Para.4)Meaning:Mostofthestudentsattheuniversitywereinfavorofthenewstrategy.★applaud:vt.(fml.)expressstrongapprovalofanidea,plan,etc.稱贊；贊許Weallapplaudtheauthority'sdecisiontomovethechemicalfactorytothesuburbs.我們都贊同當(dāng)局把化工廠搬到郊區(qū)的決定。v.hityouropenhandstogether,toshowthatyouhaveenjoyedaplay,concert,speaker,etc.(為,…)豉掌27.WithawarenessThepresidentwasapplaudedrepeatedlyduringhis40-minutespeech.在總統(tǒng)40分鐘的演講過(guò)程中掌聲不斷。27.Withawarenessofincreasingdishonestyintodayssociety,itssometimesimpliedthatin“thegoodolddays"peoplewerebetter,happier,andmorehonest.(Para.5)Meaning:Noticingmoreandmoredishonestdeedsintoday'ssociety,peoplesometimessuggestthatinthegoodtimesofthepastpeoplewerebetter,happier,andmorehonest.awareness:n.[C]knowledgeorunderstandingofaparticularsubjectorsituation認(rèn)識(shí)；意識(shí)Environmentalawarenesshasincreasedovertheyears.這些年來(lái)，人們的環(huán)境意識(shí)增強(qiáng)了。imply:vt.suggestthatsth.istrue,withoutsayingthisdirectly暗示；暗指Ifyouknowhimalot,youmayfigureoutthemeaningheimpliedinhisstatement.如果你很了解他的話，你就會(huì)聽(tīng)由他話中隱含的意思。thegoodolddays:anearliertimeinyourlife,orinhistory,whenthingsseemedbetterthannow過(guò)去的好日子Peoplefrequentlysaytheymissthegoodolddays,forthenpeopleweremorehonest.人們經(jīng)常說(shuō)他們懷念過(guò)去的好時(shí)光，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候人們更誠(chéng)實(shí)些。Longago,allAmericanschoolchildrenknewthehistoricalstoryofhowAbrahamLincolnwalkedfivemilestoreturnapennyhehadoverchargedacustomer.(Pare.5)Meaningbeyondwords:Accordingtohistoricalrecords,AbrahamLincolnwalkedfivemilestoreturnapennyhehadoverchargedacustomer.Thestorywithitsmoralvirtuehasbeenpassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Theauthorusesthisstorytoshowwhatheistoconveyinthisarticle.★overcharge:v.chargesb.toomuchmoneyforsth.索以高價(jià)；對(duì)(某人)索價(jià)過(guò)高Generally,thisbagwasabout$40,butshepaid$100.Obviously,shewasovercharged.一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這個(gè)包大約40美元，但她付了100美元。很顯然，她被索要了高價(jià)。It'thekindofstorythatwethinkofasmyth,butinthecaseofLincoln,thestoryistrue.(Para.5)Meaning:Wethinkofthiskindofstoryassomethinguntrue.ButthisstoryaboutLincolnistrue.LiketheLincolntale,everysocietyhasstoriesstressingtheabsolutevalueofhonesty.(Para.6)Meaning:LiketheLincolnstory,everysocietyhasstoriesthatemphasizethetruevalueofhonesty.★absolute:a.true,correct,andnotchanginginanysituation絕對(duì)的；不會(huì)改變的Youhaveabsoluterighttorefusetocommentonthisissue.你有拒絕對(duì)此事發(fā)表看法的絕對(duì)權(quán)力。completeortotal完全的；純粹的Ihaveabsoluteconfidenceinmyself,forI'vebeenworkingreallyhard.我對(duì)自己完全有信心，因?yàn)槲乙恢狈浅ＥΑ?onlybeforenoun)(esp.BreE)usedtoemphasizeyouropinionaboutsth.orsb.十足的；絕對(duì)的Howdidyoudothat?Youareanabsolutegenius!是怎么做到的？你簡(jiǎn)直就是個(gè)天才。Itisthesestoriesthatstudentsneedtorememberwhentemptationinducesthemtocheat.(Para.6)Meaning:Studentsneedtorememberthes