第四學(xué)時(shí)Grammar動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)

一、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)

(1)主語(yǔ)

Usingtherighthandtoshakehandsisaconventioninmanycountries.用右手握手是許多國(guó)家的一種習(xí)俗。(2)動(dòng)名詞在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)。如：Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.寫信給他不妥，他從來(lái)不回信。

Itisnouseyourcomplaining;thecompanywon’tdoanythingaboutit.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會(huì)管的。(3)動(dòng)名詞在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。如：Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。Itisuselessspeaking.光說(shuō)是沒有用的。(4)動(dòng)名詞在“Thereis(was)no+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。如：Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient.她效率高是不容否認(rèn)的。Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.他要做什么一點(diǎn)消息都沒有。二、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)

(1)有些動(dòng)詞后面要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：①習(xí)慣上只接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,revent,finish,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest,keep,forbid,advise,allow.can’tstand,can’thelp,beworth,如：Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?你承認(rèn)不承認(rèn)打破了窗戶？Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你是否介意把收音機(jī)關(guān)小點(diǎn)聲？Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠很幸運(yùn)沒有被逮住。②后接doing的詞組：prefer...to,beusedto,leadto,devoteoneselfto,stickto,lookforwardto,can’thelp,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,insiston,besuccessfulin,begoodat,burstout,prevent...from,如：Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.在獲得詳情之前，他沒有急于作出決定。WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我們期待著來(lái)中國(guó)。③可接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)且含義基本相同的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend④可接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)且含義不同的動(dòng)詞：remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon(2)在介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：Wesucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.我們終于克服了所有的困難。(3)在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+動(dòng)名詞。Thereisnopoint(in)+動(dòng)名詞，做某事沒意義。這些結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)名詞做介詞賓語(yǔ)，in常要省去。如：Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.再做一次這種簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)是毫無(wú)意義的。(4)在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，將動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在后面。如：Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.我認(rèn)為辯論這事是很浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。三、動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式(1)動(dòng)詞need,require,want,deserve后，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。其用法相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Thewatchneedsrepairing.=Thewatchneedstoberepaired.這塊表需要修理。Theproblemdeservesthinkingabout.=Theproblemdeservestobethoughtabout.這個(gè)問題值得考慮。(2)在（be）worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提議值得考慮。典例剖析易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1.下面短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞，后面只能跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞：devoteoneself/one’stime,energy,etc.to(投入……)，getdownto(著手干……)，leadto(通向，導(dǎo)致)，objectto(反對(duì))，payattentionto(注意)，lookforwardto(盼望)，beusedto(習(xí)慣于)，stickto(堅(jiān)持)等?！舱`〕Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgiveupthejob.〔正〕Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgivingupthejob.2.下列動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定式：afford,agree,ask,attempt,choose,decide,hope,expect,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等?！舱`〕Heofferedhelpingme.〔正〕Heofferedtohelpme.3.下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的后面只能跟動(dòng)名詞admit(承認(rèn))，appreciate,avoid,can’thelp(禁不住)，can’tstand(不能忍受)，consider(考慮，打算)，enjoy,escape(躲避)，excuse,finish,giveup,imagine,insiston,mind,miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)）,practise,putoff,risk,setabout,suggest(建議)等?！舱`〕Headmittedtobreakthewindow.〔正〕Headmittedbreakingthewindow.4.下列動(dòng)詞后既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞，但含義不同：

forgettodo(忘記了要做什么)

forgetdoing(忘了做過(guò)的事情)

regrettodo(指當(dāng)時(shí)或現(xiàn)在遺憾地做什么)

regretdoing(后悔做了什么事情)

trytodo(試圖做)

trydoing(嘗試做)

stopdoing(停止做)

stoptodo(停下來(lái)去做另一件事情)

meantodo(打算做)

meandoing(意味著)

goontodo(繼續(xù)去做另一件事情)

goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一件事情)

〔誤〕Heregrettedtohurthisbestfriend.

〔正〕Heregrettedhurtinghisbestfriend.

〔析〕表示“后悔干過(guò)……”，regret后跟動(dòng)名詞。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2012年福建卷）Pressedfromhisparentsandthathehaswastedtoomuchtime，theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.（）A.RealizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷，and在句中連接了兩個(gè)并列的表示原因的狀語(yǔ)，即Pressedfromhisparents和

thathehaswastedtoomuchtime，它們的邏輯主語(yǔ)都是句子的主語(yǔ)theboy,而theboy和realize之間構(gòu)成了邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用realize的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。B項(xiàng)為被動(dòng)形式；C項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞不定式，表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生；D項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，表示被動(dòng)，均不符合句意。

A2．Idon'tallow

inmydrawingroom.Idon'tallowmyfamily

atall.A．smoking；tosmokeB．tosmoke；smokingC．tosmoke；tosmokeD．smoking；smoking解析:

allow要用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

答案：A

3.（2012年陜西卷）

inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.()A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand

解析：句意：為了買新一代iPad，我們站在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)伍里，等待著商店開門。兩部分之間由逗號(hào)分隔，后一部分為句子，且前后沒有連詞連接，所以此處填非謂語(yǔ)形式；另外，句子主語(yǔ)we發(fā)出stand這一動(dòng)作，即we與stand之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且stand伴隨謂語(yǔ)waited發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A4．—What’smadeRuthsoupset?—________threeticketstothefolkmusicconcert.()A．LostB．LosingC．BecauseoflosingD．SinceshelostB5．Articlesusedbypatientsmustbedisinfectedbefore

others.A．usingB．beingusedbyC．usedbyD．beingusing解析:before是介詞，后面用動(dòng)名詞；本題要用被動(dòng)形式。答案：B

6．Theythoughtthereisnotrouble________theirfavoritebrandfromotherbrands.()A．totellB．tellingC．tellD．toldB7．Somebirdsfinallyreachhomebyaccidentally________landmarkswhichtheyrecognize.()A．tocomeacrossB．comingaroundC．comingacrossD．tocomearound解析:by是介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞；comeacross是“偶然遇見”的意思。

答案：C

8．Iapologizefor________mypromise.()A．nothavingkeptB．beingkeptC．nottohavekeptD．havingnotkeptA解析：介詞for后面用動(dòng)名詞的完成式。9．Alargeglassofwaterbeforeyoueatmayhelp________tooexcitedbeforedeliciousfoods.()A．tokeepyoufromgettingB．tocarryyoufromgettingC．topreventyoutogetD．tostopyoutogetA10．________forschoolonceinawhileoftenmakesMr.Smithangry.A．TombeinglateB．TomtobelateC．ForTombeinglateD．Tom'sbeinglate解析:Tom’sbeinglateforschool是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。

答案：D

二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式完成句子1．Thebirdwasluckyanditjustmissed_____.(catch)2．________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothmenandwomen.3．—WhatmakesJanesoupset?—________(lose)theringherhusbandboughtforherbirthday.1.解析:miss后只能接動(dòng)名詞,“小鳥躲過(guò)被捕捉的命運(yùn)”,用beingcaught。

答案：beingcaught

2.Walking

3.Losing

4．Doyouthinkitofanyuse________(argue)withhimanymore?Wearewastingourtime________(try)topersuadehimtogiveuptheidea.5．________(find)ajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeenbeyondhisdream.6．—Maybeyou'veforgotten_________(post)myletter.—HowcouldI?Iremember________(put)theletterintotheletterbox.4.arguing;trying

5.Finding

6.解析:forgettodosth.忘記做某事；rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事。

答案：topost,putting

三、語(yǔ)法填空Iusedtoliketogotoourlocalcinema.Itwasoldandratheruncomfortable，butithadcharacter.Nowthey'vestopped1.____(show)filmsthere.Theownerwouldliketogoon2.____(run)thecinema，buthewouldneedtomakealotofimprovements，whichwouldmean3.____(spend)tensofthousandsofpounds.Iremember4.____(watch)thelastfilmatthecinema.Itwasamurdermystery.Itwasfiveminutesfromtheend，andweweretrying5.____(work)outwhothemurdererwaswhensuddenlyallthelightswentoutandthefilmstopped.Wesatinthedarkforafewminutes，andthentheownerappearedwithatorch.“Iregret6.____(tell)you.”hesaid，“thatourelectricityhasfailed.Idon'tmean7.____(disappoint)you，butI'mafraidwecan'tshowyoutheendofthefilm.We'vetried8.____(phone)theelectricitycompany，buttheysaytheycan'thelp.”

Hewenton9.____(explain)totheaudiencehowthefilmended.Ididn'tunderstandthestory.ButIdon'tregret10.____(go)tothecinemaonthatlastevening.1.showing

2.解析:goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事。

答案：running

3.spending4.watching

5.解析:trytodosth.努力做某事。

答案：towork

6.totell

7.解析:meantodosth.企圖做某事,meantodisappointyou故意讓你失望。

答案：todisappoint

8.phoning9.toexplain

10.解析:regretdoingsth.因做了某事而后悔。

答案：going

四、語(yǔ)篇填空用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Freudwasoneofthefirstscientists1.________(make)seriousresearch