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2023年試卷與答案日期：2023年1月27日
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2023年同等學(xué)力人員申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位外國(guó)語(yǔ)水平全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試卷
Page
One
(90
minutes)
PARTⅠ
Dialogue
Communication
(10
minutes,10points)
Section
A
Dialogue
Completion
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
read
5
short
incomplete
dialogues
between
two
speakers,
each
followed
by
4
choices
marked
A.B.C
and
D
Choose
the
answer
that
best
suits
the
situation
to
complete
the
dialogue
by
marking
the
corresponding
letter
with
a
single
bar
across
the
square
brackets
on
your
machine-scoring
ANSWER
SHRET.
1.
A:
How
about
having
lunch
with
me
today,
Paul?
B:
_______
A.
I'll
see
you
then
B.
Thanks
a
lot
C.
Sounds
great
D.I
can
come
anytime
2.
A:
I'm
anxious
to
get
started
on
my
project.
Can
we
discuss
it
sometime
before
the
weekend?
B:
_______
A.
Why
didn't
you
tell
me
earlier
B.
Yes,
that
could
he
arranged
C.I
can't
spend
any
time
D.
Yes,
it's
easy
to
discuss
it
3.
A:
Hello,
George.
What
a
lovely
home
you
have!
B:
_______
A.
Yeah,
this
garden
is
beautiful.
B.
Nice
to
have
you
drop
by.
C.
Why,
thank
you.
I'm
glad
you
could
come.
D.
Let's
sit
here
so
we
can
admire
the
view.
4.
A：Do
you
feel
like
doing
anything
this
weekend,
Jerry?
B:
_______
A.
No,
I
don't
mind
doing
anything.
B.
Yes,
all
right.
What
do
you
suggest?
C.
We
could
always
go
to
Dave's
party.
D.
How
do
you
like
science
fiction
movies?
5.
A:
Excuse
me,
boss.
There's
a
Jack
Welsh
on
the
line.
Do
you
want
to
talk
to
him?
B:
_______
A.
Oh,
I'm
afraid
I
won't
B.
No,
have
him
call
back
later.
C.
Does
he
want
to
leave
a
message?
D.
Would
you
please
hold
my
calls?
Section
B
Dialogue
Comprehension
Directions：In
this
section,
you
will
read
5
short
conversations
between
a
man
and
a
woman.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation
there
is
a
question
followed
by
4
choices
marked
A,B,C,
and
D.
Choose
the
best
answer
to
the
question
from
the
4
choices
by
marking
the
corresponding
letter
with
a
single
bar
across
the
square
brackets
on
your
machine-scoring
ANSWER
SHEET.
6.
Woman:
You
were
late
again
this
morning.
Man:
So
what?
Question:
How
does
the
man
react
to
the
woman's
blame?
A.
He
felt
sorry
for
being
late.
B.
He
did
not
admit
he
was
late.
C.
He
got
nervous
for
being
late.
D.
He
did
not
care
about
being
late.
7.
Woman:
The
software
is
very
user-friendly.
Man:
Yes,
but
is
leaves
something
to
be
desired.
Question:
What
does
the
man
think
of
the
software?
A.
It
is
of
excellent
standard.
B.
It
is
of
very
low
standard.
C.
It
has
reached
the
expected
standard.
D.
It
does
not
reach
the
expected
standard.
8.
Man:
Hi,
Susan
I
hear
your
ski
trip
was
out
of
this
world!
Woman:
It
was
wonderful
I
didn't
want
to
come
back
to
the
real
world!
Question:
What
can
we
learn
about
Susan?
A.
She
preferred
to
live
in
an
unreal
world.
B.
She
enjoyed
the
skiing
very
much.
C.
She
lost
contact
with
this
world.
D.
She
failed
to
carry
out
her
ski
plan.
9.
Woman:
Wally,
the
necklace
is
beautiful,
but
really,
you
shouldn't
have!
Man:
You're
welcome.
I
think
it
looks
beautiful
on
you.
Question:
What
did
Wall
do
for
the
woman?
A:
He
bought
her
necklace.
B:
He
helped
her
put
on
the
necklace.
C:
He
helped
her
choose
a
necklace.
D:
He
tried
to
flatter
her.
10.Woman:
When
we
lived
in
Paris
I
worked
part
time.
But
since
we
moved
just
cook
and
clean.
I
get
tired
of
doing
the
same
old
things
day
by
day.
Man:
It
sounds
like
you
need
to
get
out
of
the
house
Question:
What
does
the
man
advise
the
woman
to
do?
A.
To
get
a
job.
B.
To
move
to
another
place.
C.
To
visit
some
friends.
D.
To
do
some
outdoor
exercises.
Part
II
Vocabulary
(10
minutes,
10
points)
Section
A
Directions:
In
this
section
there
are
10
sequences,
each
with
one
word
or
phrase
underlined.
Choose
the
one
from
the
4
choices
marked
A,B,C
and
D
that
best
keeps
the
meaning
of
the
sentence
.Then
mark
the
corresponding
letter
with
a
single
bar
across
the
square
brackets
on
your
machine-scoring
ANSWER
SHEET.
11.
By
advocating
moderate
change,
they
think
that
they
can
keep
consumer
costs
low.
A.
reasonable
B.
radical
C.
immediate
D.
minimum
12.
Nuclear
power,
with
all
its
inherent
problems,
is
still
the
only
option
to
guarantee
enough
energy
in
the
future.
A.
solution
B.
policy
C
choice
D.
reason
13.
The
promised
wage
increase
is
being
held
back
while
it
is
examined
by
the
government
to
see
if
it
is
greater
than
the
law
allows.
A.
dismissed
B.
delayed
C.
neglected
D.
rejected
14.
Safety
officials
have
earnestly
questioned
whether
the
increased
use
of
synthetic
materials
heightens
the
risk
of
fire.
A.
cautiously
B.
severely
C.
accurately
D.
seriously
15.
The
book
shifted
her
outlook
from
social
to
spiritual,
for
its
theme
was
that
before
you
change
other
people
you
have
to
change
yourself.
A.
viewpoint
B.
vocation
C.
prospect
D.
preference
16.
Racing
the
clock
every
day
is
such
an
exhausting
effort
that
when
I
actually
have
a
few
free
moments,
I
tend
to
collapse
A.
fall
down
B.
fall
in
C.
fall
out
D.
fall
behind
17.
The
senator
agreed
that
his
support
of
the
measure
would
jeopardize
his
chances
for
reelection.
A.
benefit
B.
endanger
C.
hinder
D.
disturb
18.
The
microscope
enables
scientists
to
distinguish
an
incredible
number
and
variety
of
bacteria
.
A.
unavoidable
B.
unchangeable
C.
unbelievable
D.
unpredictable
19.
He
noticed
that
Joan
was
studying
him
closely
,but
her
expression
gave
away
nothing
of
what
she
was
thinking.
A.
revealed
B.
disposed
C.
reminded
D.
distributed
20.
At
last
john
Smith
chose
to
step
down
as
the
company's
chief
executive
and
return
to
his
roots
in
software
research.
A．resign
B.
remove
C．retire
D.
replace
Section
B
Directions:
In
this
section
,there
are
10
incomplete
sentence
.For
each
sentence
there
are
4
choices
marked
A,B,C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
best
completes
the
sentence.
Then
mark
the
corresponding
letter
with
a
single
bur
across
the
square
brackets
on
your
machine-scoring
ANSWER
SHEET.
21.
His
essay
is_________
with
more
than
120
full-color
photographs
that
depict
the
national
park
in
all
seasons.
A.
contained
B.
illustrated
C.
exposed
D.
strengthened
22.
Local
government
______could
be
obtained
through
a
local
income
tax
and/or
a
local
sales
tax.
A.
budget
B.
expense
C.
finance
D.
revenue
23.
Even
after
reading
it
for
three
limes
he
couldn't________
the
meaning
of
that
letter.
A.
conceive
B.
consult
C.
contrast
D.
concern
24.
The
temperature
in
this
area
is
low
enough
to
allow
falling
snow
to
_______
and
slowly
transform
into
ice.
A.
preserve
B.
accumulate
C.
melt
D.
spread
25.
In
calculating
the
daily
calorie
requirements
for
an
individual,
variations
in
body
size,
physical
activity
and
age
should
be______.
A.
brought
into
practice
B.
taken
into
account
C.
thrown
light
on
D.
looked
down
upon
26.
The
shy
girl
felt
quite
_____and
uncomfortable
when
she
could
not
answer
the
interviewer's
question.
A.
amused
B.
sensitive
C.
curious
D.
awkward
27.
The
courses
aim
to
give
graduates
an
up-to-date
grasp
of
their
subject
and
______laboratory
skills.
A.
superficial
B.
subjective
C.
structural
D.
sophisticated
28.
There
was
no
light
on
the
way
and
for
a
second
she
hesitated,
unable
to
____the
dim
figure
awaiting
her.
A.
set
out
B.
make
out
C.
pick
up
D.
clear
up
29.
Some
people
apparently
have
an
amazing
ability
to
______the
right
answer.
A.
come
up
with
B.
look
up
to
C.
put
up
with
D.
live
up
to
30.
I
had
been
a
university
student
for
three
years,
but
not
until
this
afternoon
had
felt
the
thrill
of_______.
A.
confusion
B.
disappointment
C.
sensation
D.
fulfillment
Part
III
Reading
Comprehension
(45
minutes,
25
points)
Direction:
There
are
5
passages
in
this
part,
Each
passage
is
followed
by
5
qustions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
4
choice
marked
A,B,C
and
D.
Choose
the
best
one
and
mark
the
corresponding
letter
with
a
single
bar
across
the
square
brackets
on
your
machine-scoring
ANSWER
SHEET.
Passage
one
They
may
be
one
of
Britain's
most
successful
exports
and
among
the
world's
most
popular
TV
shows,
ranking
alongside
the
World
Cup
Final
and
the
Olympics
Games
opening
ceremony
in
terms
of
audience
.But,
in
Britain,
beauty
competitions
are
unfashionable.
To
most
people,
beauty
contests
seems
as
out-dated
as
bowing.
Nicolas
Baker,
a
lawyer
in
London，said
that
As
much
as
I
think
it's
fine
for
women
to
do
it
,I
don't
think
it's
interesting
and
in
fact
,I
think
they're
irrelevant
to
today.
Last
year,
Miss
World
was
broadcast
to
142
countries,
but
it
wasn't
even
shown
in
the
country
where
it
started
in
1951.
It
wasn't
always
this
way
in
Britain
.Once
beauty
queens
dated
footballers
,traveled
the
world
and
were
guaranteed
fame、fortune
and
fun.
Now,
they
open
new
supermarkets,
are
sponsored
by
dry-cleaning
companies
and
if
they're
lucky,
they
get
free
clothes
form
supermarkets
.
When
Francesca
Marchant
was
crowned
Miss
Sussex
in
1969
it
was
something
to
be
extremely
proud
of
"I
came
from
a
small
town,
and
all
my
friends
were
green
with
envy
when
they
found
out
I'd
won.
My
boyfriend
at
the
time
thought
it
was
terrific
and
boasted
to
everyone
that
he
was
going
out
with
a
beauty
queen
.
But
the
good
times
couldn't
last
.The
feminist
movement
gathered
momentum.
Some
women
were
determined
to
bring
an
end
to
these
"cattle
shows".
Nowadays,
saying
that
you
were
a
beauty
queen
just
doesn't
sound
good
.
Miss
World
organizers
claim
that
contestants
are
judged
on
qualities
other
than
just
their
physical
appearance.
But
Jacqueline
Gold,
England's
representative
at
this
year's
contest,
was
not
chosen
because
of
her
academic
record.
The
Miss
World
Website
states
that
she
“l(fā)eft
school
having
gained
many
computer
qualifications,
and
certificates
in
First
Aid
and
Lift
Saving.”meaning，not
much
of
an
education.
The
only
time
contests
attract
attention
now
is
because
of
the
protesters.
At
the
1999
Miss
World
in
Britain
around
60
demonstrators
hurled
flour
bombs
and
fought
with
the
police.
They
denounced
the
beauty
contest
as
a
"sexist
cattle
market".
They
waved
banners
saying“fat
girls
are
cool”and“women's
bodies
are
not
for
sale”.
31.
Beauty
contests
in
Britain
are
now__________
A.
bringing
huge
benefits
for
the
country.
B.
as
popular
as
the
World
Cup
Final
C.
no
longer
popular
in
the
country
D.
widely
protested
in
the
country
32.The
attitude
of
Nicolas
Baker
towards
beauty
contests
is
that_________.
A.
women
shouldn't
attend
the
contests
B.
the
contests
are
fine
but
he
doesn't
like
them
C.
the
contests
are
insults
to
women
D.
the
contests
are
behind
the
times
33.
In
the
60s
and
70s,
beauty
queens________
A.
were
sponsored
by
dry-cleaning
companies
B.
were
admired
by
most
people
C.
did
not
have
a
good
reputation
D.
got
free
clothes
from
supermarkets
34.The
author
uses
Jacqueline
Gold
as
an
example
to
show
that_________
A.
her
academic
record
was
very
strong
B.
she
had
gained
many
qualifications
and
certificates
C.
contestants
are
judged
on
physical
appearance
D.
contestants
are
judged
on
their
education
35.
The
best
title
for
passage
might
be_________
A.
Beauty
Contests:
Insults
to
Women
B.
Beauty
Contests:
Sexist
Cattle
Market
C.
Beauty
Contests:
A
Headache
for
British
people
D.
Beauty
Contests:
Started
in
Britain
but
Unpopular
Now
Passage
two
A
particular
area
in
which
assumptions
and
values
differ
between
cultures
is
that
of
friendship.
Friendships
among
Americans
tend
to
be
shorter
and
less
intense
than
these
among
people
from
many
other
cultures.
At
least
many
observers
from
abroad
have
this
impression
.Because
Americans
are
taught
to
be
self-reliant,
because
they
live
in
a
very
mobile
society,
and
for
many
other
reasons
as
well,
they
tend
to
avoid
deep
involvement
with
other
people.Furthermore,
Americans
tend
to
“compartmentalize”
their
friendships,
having
their“friends
at
Work”,
“friends
at
school”,
a“tennis
friend”,
and
so
on.
Americans
often
seem
very
friendly
even
when
you
first
meet
them.
This
friendliness
does
not
usually
mean
that
the
American
is
looking
for
a
deeper
relationship.
The
result
of
these
attitudes
and
behaviors
is
sometimes
viewed
by
foreigners
as
an“inability
to
be
friends”.
Other
times
it
is
seen
as
a
normal
way
to
retain
personal
happiness
in
a
mobile,
ever-changing
society
.
People
normally
have
in
their
minds
stereotypes
about
people
who
are
different
from
themselves.
Stereotypes
are
based
on
limited
and
incomplete
experience
and
information,
but
they
shape
people's
thoughts
and
expectations.
Americans
have
many
stereotypes
about
foreign
students
in
general
(for
example,
that
they
are
very
hard
working
intelligent
,
and
rich
that
they
do
speak
English
well
)
and
about
particular
categories
of
foreign
students
(Chinese
are
polite
and
good
at
mathematics,
for
example,
or
Italians
are
emotional).
And
foreign
students
have
their
own
stereotypes
of
Americans,
for
example,
that
they
are
arrogant
,rude,
and
generous.
There
are
two
stereotypes
that
often
affect
male-female
relationships
involving
U.S.
and
foreign
students.
The
first
is
the
idea,
held
by
some
foreign
males,
that
American
females
are
invariably
willing,
if
not
anxious
to
have
sex.
The
second
common
stereotype,
held
by
some
American
females,
is
that
male
foreign
students
have
no
interest
in
American
females
other
than
having
with
them.
The
existence
of
these
and
other
stereotypes
can
give
rise
to
considerable
misunderstanding
and
can
block
the
development
of
a
mutually
satisfactory
relationship
between
particular
individuals
.
Stereotypes
seem
unavoidable
given
the
way
the
human
mind
seeks
to
categorize
and
classify
information,
so
it
is
not
realistic
to
suppose
people
can“forget
their
stereotypes”.
But
they
can
be
aware
of
their
stereotypes,
and
be
ready
to
find
exceptions
to
them.
36.
Consuming
friendship,
Americans__________
A.
look
for
a
deeper
relationship
in
a
close
circle
B.
avoid
deep
relationship
with
other
people
C.
are
friendly
at
first
but
do
not
remain
so
later
on
D.
do
not
make
good
friends
37.
The
word
“compartmentalize”
in
the
first
paragraph
means“_______________”
A.
separate
in
categories
B.
treat
differently
C.
evaluate
accordingly
D.
judge
fairly
38.
The
author's
attitude
toward
the
American
type
of
friendship
seems
to
be
______.
A.
approving
B.
critical
C.
biased
D.
objective
39.
According
to
the
author,
stereotypes
concerning
male-female
relationships
involving
U.S.
and
foreign
students
are
________
A.
helpful
B.
meaningless
C.
harmful
D.
useless
40.
According
to
the
author,
stereotypes
seem
unavoidable
because
________.
A.
it
is
natural
to
have
them
B.
it
is
not
easy
to
find
exceptions
C.
they
provide
better
understanding
D.
they
contribute
to
friendship
Passage
Three
In
The
Birth
Order
Book:
Why
You
Are
the
Way
You
Are
(2023),
Dr.
Kevin
Leman
notes
that
21
of
the
first
23
Americans
in
space
were
first-born
males
or
only
children
.
More
than
half
of
United
States
presidents
have
been
first-borns
or
first
-born
boys.
It's
a
pretty
significant
finding
historically,
because
families
used
to
be
bigger
than
they
are
today.
In
addition
to
being
high
achievers,
older
children
also
generally
have
higher
IQs
(智商)
than
younger
ones.
Researchers
have
noted
that
the
more
kids
a
family
has,
the
lower
each
child's
Individual
IQ
tends
to
be.
They
give
a
few
reasons
for
this:
Parents
only
have
so
much
time,
attention,
and
money.
The
more
kids
they
have,
the
more
these
things
are
divided.
First-borns
initially
get
the
entire
parental-time
pic.
What's
more,
the
ratio
of
grown-ups
to
kids
decreases
with
each
new
baby.
So
the
younger
ones
are
surrounded
by
more
children's
language
on
average
than
the
older
kids.
Some
researchers
think
parental
attention
is
the
key
to
personality/birth-order
differences.
In
his
book
Born
to
Rebel,
psychologist
Frank
Sulloway
competition
for
Mom
and
Dad's
attention
is
the
thing
that
really
shapes
our
personalities
and,
in
fact,
has
shaped
history.
He
argues
that
we
adapt
our
personalities
as
part
of
our
strategy
to
seek
favor
from
Mom
and
Dad.
Younger
siblings
(兄弟姐妹)
tend
to
become
rebels
.
Sulloway
studied
political
activists
and
found
that
later-born
activists
were
more
radical
than
their
first
-born
peers.
The
conclusion
of
his
book
is
that
sibling
competition
for
parental
attention
can
affect
society
as
a
whole
in
times
of
revolution
Thomas
Jefferson
,
Karl
Marx
and
Fidel
Castro
were
all
younger
siblings,
for
example.
As
compelling
as
this
all
is
,
it's
also
something
we
should
probably
take
with
caution,
there
are
other
things
that
happen
to
us
in
life
besides
the
addition
of
siblings
to
our
families
.A
parent
can
die
;
a
hurricane
can
leave
us
homeless
;
we
can
catch
a
life-threatening
disease.
Any
one
of
these
things
will
probably
have
more
of
an
effect
on
our
personalities
than
the
presence
of
siblings.
A
2023
study
bore
this
out.
After
interviewing
535
undergraduates,
researchers
concluded
that
personality
differences
related
to
birth
order
were
"
folklore",
although
IQ
and
achievement
differences
were
widely
supported
by
research
.
41.
What
is
implied
by
“he
younger
ones
are
surrounded
by
more
children's
language
on
average
than
the
older
kids”
(Para.3)?
A.
Younger
children
need
parental
rather
than
siblings'
attention
B.
Younger
children
need
siblings'
rather
than
parental
attention
C.
Younger
children
feel
uncomfortable
with
more
siblings
D.
Younger
children
have
less
chance
to
talk
with
their
parents
42.
Sulloway,
author
of
Born
to
Rebel,
suggests
that
younger
siblings_______
A.
try
hard
to
get
attention
from
their
parents
B.
are
less
likely
to
shape
history
C.
are
winners
in
getting
parental
attention
D.
seldom
adapt
their
personalities
43.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
mentioned
as
a
factor
shaping
personality?
A.
Death
of
a
parent
B.
Children's
language
C.
A
natural
disaster
D.
A
fatal
disease
44.
What
is
the
meaning
of“folklore”
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Traditional
customs
and
beliefs
B.
Verified
hypotheses
C.
Widely
held
unsupported
notions
D.
Tales
or
sayings
preserved
orally
45.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
proposed
by
researchers?
A.
Later-borns
do
not
compete
for
attention
B.
First-borns
tend
to
become
rebels
C.
Later-borns
are
prone
to
diseases
D.
First-borns
achieve
more
than
younger
ones.
Passage
Four
Does
money
buy
happiness?
It's
sometimes
said
that
scientists
have
found
no
relationship
between
money
and
happiness,
but
that's
a
myth,
says
University
of
Illinois
psychologist
Ed
Denier.
The
connection
is
complex.
In
fact,
very
rich
people
rate
substantially
higher
in
satisfaction
with
life
than
very
poor
people
do,
even
within
wealthy
nations.
He
says
"There
is
overwhelming
evidence
that
money
buys
happiness."
said
economist
Andrew
Oswald
of
the
University
of
Warwick
in
England.
The
main
debate,
he
said,
is
how
strong
the
effect
is.
Oswald
recently
reported
a
study
of
Britons
who
won
between
$2,000
and
$250,000
in
a
lottery
(彩票拍獎(jiǎng)).
As
a
group,
they
showed
a
boost
in
happiness
averaging
a
bit
more
than
one
point
on
a
36-point
scale
when
surveyed
two
years
after
their
win,
compared
to
their
levels
two
years
before
they
won.
Daniel
Kahneman,
a
Nobel-Prize
winner
and
Princeton
economist,
and
colleagues,
recently
declared
that
the
notion
that
making
a
lot
of
money
will
produce
good
overall
mood
is
“mostly
Illusory”.They
noted
that
in
one
study,
members
of
the
high-income
group
were
almost
twice
as
likely
to
call
themselves
"very
happy"
as
people
from
households
with
incomes
below
$2,000.
But
other
studies,
rather
than
asking
for
a
summary
estimate
of
happiness,
follow
people
through
the
day
and
repeatedly
record
their
feelings.
These
studies
show
less
effect
of
income
on
happiness,
Kahneman
and
colleagues
said.
There
is
still
another
twist
to
the
money-happiness
story.
Even
though
people
who
make
$150,000
are
considerably
happier
than
those
who
make
$40,000,
it's
not
clear
why,
says
psychologist
Richard
E.Lucas
of
Michigau
Sate
University.
Researchers
conclude
that
any
effect
of
money
on
happiness
is
smaller
than
most
daydreamer
assume.
“People
exaggerate
how
much
happiness
is
bought
by
an
extra
few
thousand,”
Oswald
said.
“The
quality
of
relationships
has
a
far
bigger
effect
than
quite
large
rise
in
salary?.It's
much
better
advice,
if
you're
looking
for
happiness
in
life,
to
try
to
find
the
right
husband
or
wife
than
to
try
to
double
your
salary.
”
46.
The
main
purpose
of
this
passage
is
to
discuss____
A.
the
contributions
of
household
incomes
to
happiness
B.
the
complex
relationship
between
money
and
happiness
C.
the
positive
relations
of
money
to
happiness
D.
the
negative
relations
of
money
to
happiness
47.
Andrew
Oswald's
study____
A.
proves
money
has
little
effect
on
happiness
B.
gives
evidence
that
money
buys
happiness
C.
rejects
the
relation
between
money
and
happiness
D.
shows
that
lottery
brings
people
happiness
48.
The
word
“illusory”(para.4)is
closest
in
meaning
to“_______”.
A.
dramatic
B.
ordinary
C.
drastic
D.
imaginary
49.
According
to
Lucas,
richer
people's
happiness_________
A.
comes
from
their
high
income
B.
may
not
be
directly
related
to
their
high
income
C.
is
boosted
by
their
high
income
D.
is
not
derived
from
their
high
income
50.
According
to
Oswald,
a
more
important
factor
in
bringing
about
happiness
may
be
good_____.
A.
health
B.feelings
C.
marriage
D.
salaries
Passage
Five
When
Frand
Dale
look
over
as
publisher
of
Los
Angeles
Herrald-Examiner,
the
organization
had
just
ended
a
ten-year
strike.
There
was
much
bitterness
and
as
he
told
us.
“Everybody
that
I
found
there
had
lost
their
curiosity,
they'd
lost
their
cutting
edge,
there
was
no
interest,
they
just
hung
on?.I
had
a
real
problem.”
His
very
first
task
was
to
introduce
himself
to
everybody,
to
thank
them
for
their
loyalty
to
that
point,
and
to
allow
them
to
express
their
concerns
and
frustrations.
To
questions
like
“What
makes
you
think
you
can
make
this
thing
go?”
he
responded,“I
don't
know
yet,
but
in
thirty
days
I'll
come
back
to
you
and
let
you
know
what
I've
found.”
He
recruited
a
task
force
of
the
best
people
from
throughout
the
Hearst
Corporation
to
do
a
crash
study,
and
in
thirty
days
he
had
a
written
report
on
what
needed
to
be
done,
which
he
shared
with
the
staff.
He
had
taken
the
all-important
first
steps
to
establish
mutual
trust,
without
which
leadership
would
not
have
been
possible.
Trust
is
the
emotional
glue
that
binds
followers
and
leaders
together.
The
accumulation
of
trust
is
a
measure
of
the
legitimacy
of
leadership.
It
cannot
be
demanded
or
purchased;
it
must
be
earned.
Trust
is
the
basic
ingredient
of
all
organizations,
the
lubrication
that
maintains
the
organization
and
it
is
as
mysterious
and
difficult
a
concept
as
leadership—and
as
important.
One
thing
we
can
say
for
sure
about
trust
is
that
if
trust
is
to
be
generated,
there
must
be
predictability,
the
capacity
to
predict
another's
behavior.
Another
way
of
putting
it
is
to
say
that
organizations
without
trust
would
resemble
the
ambiguous
nightmare
of
Kafka's
The
Castle,
where
nothing
can
be
certain
and
nobody
can
be
relied
on
or
be
held
responsible.
The
ability
to
predict
outcomes
with
a
high
probability
of
success
generates
and
maintains
trust.
51.
What
was
Frand
Dale's
problem
when
he
became
the
publisher
of
Los
Angeles
Herrald-Examiner?
A.
He
had
lost
interest
in
his
publishing
career.
B.
He
found
it
hard
to
introduce
himself
to
everyone.
C.
Los
Angeles
HeRrald-
Examiner
was
in
extreme
difficulty.
D.
Los
Angeles
HeRrald-
Examiner
was
on
a
ten-year
strike.
52.
What
was
the
result
of
Frank
Dale's
first
steps?
A.
Mutual
trust
was
established.
B.
Efficiency
was
improved.
C.
A
task
force
was
recruited.
D.
His
promises
were
fulfilled.
53.
According
to
the
author,
how
could
trust
be
established?
A.
By
economic
means.
B.
By
legitimate
measure.
C.
By
authoritative
command.
D.
By
effort
or
action.
54.
What
does
the
author
think
about
trust?
A
It
is
hard
to
accumulate..
B.
It
can
make
organization
go.
C.
It
can
help
establish
authority.
D.
It
is
relatively
easy
to
acquire.
55.
For
what
propose
is
Kafka's
The
Castle
mentioned?
A.
To
show
people's
behaviors
are
predictable.
B.
To
describe
the
nightmare
of
the
story.
C.
To
demonstrate
the
importance
of
trust.
D
.To
prove
no
one
can
be
relied
on.
Part
IV
Cloze
The
process
of
the
gaining
or
losing
weight
can
be
explained
by
comparing
your
body
to
your
car.
Both
run__56__fuel,food
for
your
body
and
gasoline
for
your
car.
Both_57_that
fuel,
first
into
heat
,then
energy,
some
of__58__is
used
to
do
work,
and
some
emitted
as
waste.
And_59__your
car
uses
more
energy
when
the
engine
is
racing
than
when
it
is
idling,__60__does
your
body
use
more
energy
when
you
are
working
hard
than_61__you
are
resting.
For
the
purpose
of
this
comparison,_62___,there
is
one
significant
difference
between
them.Your
car
cannot
store
fuel
by
turning
it
into_63__else;
all
gasoline
not_64__remains
as
gasoline.
But
your
body
stores
_65__energy
as
fat.
When
the
gas
ank
is
__66__empty,the
car
won't
run;
but
your
body
can
burn
fat
to
provide
more
energy.
Therefore,
if
you
want
to
gain
weight,
you
must
do__67
_of
two
things:
eat
more
calories
(units
of
heat,
therefore
energy
),
or
use
less
through__68_.if
you
want
to
lose
weight,
you
do
the
__69___:
decrease
your
intake
of
calories
or
increase
the
amount
of
energy
you
spend.
There
is
_70_way
.gaining
or
losing
weight
is
always
a
relation
between
intake
and
output
of
potential
energy.
56.
A.
in
B.
on
C.
for
D.
against
57.
A.
convert
B.
use
C.
spend
D.
burn
58.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
it
D.
them
59.
A.
whereas
B.
although
C.
just
because
D
just
as
60.
A.
as
B.
so
C.
why
D.
how
61.
A.
that
B.
since
C.
when
D.
where
62.
A.
however
B.
therefore
C.moreover
D.
likewise
63.
A.
everything
B.
nothing
C.
something
D.
anything
64.
A.
filled
B.
wasted
C.
saved
D.
consumed
65.
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