UNIT8LanguageStructuresDialogueIDialogueIIReadingIReadingIIGuidedWritingInteractionActivityListeningPracticeLanguageStructureSeethefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontothegrammarrulestheyuse:1. 12October1492wasthedaywhenColumbuslandedinAmerica.2. Akitchenetteisasmallroomwherepeoplecooktheirmeals.3. Ilikethewayshespoke.Isthatthereasonwhywehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?5. In1956,thenumberofminoritynationalitystudentsininstitutionsofhigherlearningincreasedatwenty-onethousandandninehundred,anditwasmorethansevenandahalftimesthatof1952.定語從句:(AttributiveClause/RelativeClause)1.定義：一個句子做定語叫做定語從句。

E.g.Sheisour

newteacherwhohasjustcomebackfromtheUnitedStates.

2.先行詞：被修飾的部分叫先行詞。先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是一個句子。定語從句一般要在先行詞之后。

E.g.a.Thisisthebaby

whomyouwilllook

after.

b.Theyinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.

3.關(guān)系詞1)關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,as,在從句中作主語，賓語或表語；作賓語時一般可省略；whose在從句中作定語。

E.g.a.Thatwasall

thatIwantedtotellyouabout.

b.Ascientistisapersonwhodoesscientificresearch.

c.Thehouse

whosedoorisbrownismine.

2)關(guān)系副詞：where,when,why在從句中作狀語。a.Thisistheschool

whereIstudiedtwentyyearsago.

b.Ithoughtofmychildhood

whenIlivedinthevillage.

c.That'sthereason

whyI'mnotinfavourofyourplan.

4.該用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞

先行詞是表示時間或地點(diǎn)的名詞時，并不都是用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，而是要看關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成份。作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞；作賓語時，仍然要用關(guān)系代詞。

a.SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinQingdao,

whereshehassomerelatives.

b.Thisisthe

place

which

Ivisitedlastyear.c.

Didyoustillrememberthedays

when

wespenttogetherinHainan?

d.October1stis

theday

which

weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

2)關(guān)系副詞：where,when,why在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

A.when,where,why

關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，E.g.：

a.Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.

b.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.

c.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?

B.that代替關(guān)系副詞

that可以用于表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，E.g.：

Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.

Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.

A:I’vecomeacrosssomedatesinmyreadingandeachofthemreferstosomeimportantevents.(SupposeIgiveyouafewdatesandyou’lltrytoguesswhatdatestheyare.)B:Okay.A:(Thefirstdateis12October1492.)B:Oh,thatwasthedaywhenColumbusfirstlandedinAmerica.LanguageStructurePractice1:TalkingaboutsomeimportantdatesinhistoryA:(Doyouknowwhatakitchenetteis?)B:Yes,akitchenetteisasmallroomwherepeoplecooktheirmeals.A:(CanIsaythatitisaroomwheremealsareprepared?)B:Ofcourse.Thatmeansthesamething.Practice2:IdentifyingthingsLanguageStructureA:HowdidSusanstrikeyou?B:(Oh,shemadeagoodimpressiononme.)Ilikethewayshespoke.A:Shespokeinanamusingway,didn’tshe?B:(Yes.Thewayshespokeamusedtheaudience.)Practice3:ExpressingappreciationLanguageStructureA:Whydowehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?B:(Sothatwemayknowhowwe’regettingonwithourwork.)A:Isthatthereasonwhywehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?B:(well,itmaynotbetheonlyreason,)butit’soneofthemainreasons.Practice4:SeekingandgivingclarificationLanguageStructureLanguagePoints:1.manifesto:Apublicdeclaration,asonthepartofanofficialorastate,concerningpoliticalmeasuresorintentions.宣言；聲明2.theatre:hallorroomwithseatsinrowsrisingonebehindanotherforlectures,scientificdemonstration,etc.（供演講、科學(xué)示范等用的）有階梯式座位的講堂式會場。

operatingtheatre手術(shù)室3.promptly:prompt:adj.Readyandquicktoactasoccasiondemands;immediate.迅速的；敏捷的

a.Donewithoutdelay.(指行動)立刻的；不延遲的

apromptanswer立即的回答

b.v.t.Rousetoaction.促使4.index:n.Somethingservingtoguide,pointoutorotherwiseaidreference.導(dǎo)引；指標(biāo)；標(biāo)記。AttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIThinkitWhatdoesthe“Fair”meanhere?HaveyoueverbeentosomeFair?DoyouliketodosomeshoppingintheFair?Why?DialogueIpicturesAttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIpicturesAttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIpicturesAttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIpicturesAttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIpicturesAttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIpicturesAttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIQuestionsBrowsethroughthetext,trytoanswerfollowingquestions.1.WhatdoesBthinkaboutUrumqi?2.WhydoesthecityKashigiveBadeepimpression?Givesomedetails.3.HowdothepeopleinKashidobusiness?4.WillyougotoXinjiangifyouhaveachance?AttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueIPleasereadthedialogueloudlywithfeelingandexpression.ReadAttheSundayFairinKashiDialogueISampleoutline:BhasjustcomebackfromXinjiangandhetellsAabout:Urumqi—modernandbigKashi—typicallyUygurTheSundayFairinKashi—thingssold&thewaybusinessisdoneRetellAttheSundayFairinKashiLanguagePoints…thinkitwasacityintheremote,legendarynorthwest.1DialogueI

remote:a.faraway;distantn.remotenessaremotevillage偏僻的；邊遠(yuǎn)的(place)theremotestar/future遙遠(yuǎn)的(time)aremoterelative遠(yuǎn)親(relationship)

2)legendary:a.Of,constituting,basedon,orofthenatureofalegend傳說中的

n.legendary傳奇文學(xué)

n.legendLanguagePointsIt’swhereyoucangettherealflavourofUygurtraditionallifeandcraft.2DialogueI1)craft:n.1)skillindoingormakingsomething=craftsmanshipe.g.manualcraft/lightcrafts/needlecraft2)akindofboate.g.airorspacecraft/landingcraft/lifecraftPhrases:bycraft

用詭計[手腕]

withcraft

有技巧地,巧妙地2)It’swhere:It’s(theplace)whereLanguagePoints…silverware,bronzeware,potteryandembroidery…3DialogueIsilverware/bronzeware-waren.

embroidery:n.e.g.Thedresswascoveredwithbeautifulembroidery.v.embroider:tomakeneedlework.e.g.toembroideradesignonabedspread.LanguagePoints4DialogueIItwassometimebeforeIfiguredoutwhy

theyallworehats.SundayisusuallythetimewhenlotsofpeoplegotoKashiforthefair.Iwasamusedbythewaytheshopkeeperdidbusiness.Someusefulsentencesinthisdialogue:LanguagePointsYoudidn’tresistthetemptationtobuyone,didyou?5DialogueI1)resist:v.n.resistancea.resiststh.E.g.Ican'tresistbakedapples.b.resistdoingsth.E.g.Shecouldhardlyresistlaughing.phrases:resistaggression

抵抗侵略

resistheat

耐熱2)temptation:n.v.temptadj.temptational/temptatiousE.g.resisttemptation抵制誘惑,不受誘惑

astrongtemptationtosb.phrases:fallinto[givewayto,yieldto]temptation

受誘惑

lead(sb.)intotemptation

使人入迷PracticeexpressionsaboutexpressingfeelingsFeelings,Part1—Delight,ReliefDialogueIIPracticeLanguagePoints:1)stifle:(tocauseto)beunabletobreathecomfortably,esp.becauseofheatandlackoffreshair.（使）感到窒息，（使）透不過氣來

E.g.Hestifledtodeathbythefumes.2)pullup:to(causeto)cometoastop.（使）停止

E.g.Thecarpulledupatthetrafficlights.3)phew:interj.Aquickshortwhistlingbreath,expressingtiredness,shockorrelief.啊！唉！4)hurrah:interj.Expressingjoy,welcome,approval,etc.歡呼聲5)skidoff:moveorslipsideways,etc.滑向一惻，打滑6)mustard:芥末LanguagePointsI’mabsolutelyfascinated.1DialogueIfascinated:adj.attracted(sb.)fascinating:adj.(sth.)v.fascinate:toholdanintenseinterestorattractionfor迷住

E.g.Thecityfascinateshim.Thechangingvividcoloursofthesunsetfascinatedtheeye.Theverystyleoftheoldhousefascinates.n.fascination:intenseinterest

迷戀,強(qiáng)烈愛好LanguagePointsAtlast,theconfusionisover.2DialogueIn.confusion:astateofbeingunclearornotsureaboutsth.confusionalPhrases:inastateofmentalconfusion

fallintoconfusionbeaconfusionof是一片混亂的

coveredwithconfusion非?；艔?/p>

inconfusion亂七八糟，處于混亂狀態(tài)

throwintoconfusion使狼狽，使慌［混］亂LanguagePoints…h(huán)avestifledtodeath.&…h(huán)overingoverthesmalltown.3DialogueI

stifle:vt.&vi.todieofsuffocation窒息而死

Phrases:stifletodeath2)hover:vi.a.toremainfloating,suspended,orflutteringintheair盤旋

E.g.gullshoveringoverthewaves在浪尖盤旋的海鷗

b.toremainorlingerinornearaplace徘徊

E.g.hoveringaroundthespeaker‘spodium在演講臺邊徘徊

c.toremaininanuncertainstate躊躇，猶豫不決

E.g.hoveredbetweenangerandremorse.DaydreamingReadingI1. Definedaydreaming2. Whatsortofpeopleshowparticularinterestindaydreamresearch?3. Whenandwhereisonemostlikelytodaydream?4. Inwhatwaydoesdaydreamingdifferfromfantasy?5. Howdoesdaydreamingaffectuspositively?6. Howisdaydreamingrelatedtopersonalitytype?7. Domostdaydreamershavepersonalityproblems?8. Whichpatternofdaydreamingfitsthemajorityofpeople?QuestionsDaydreamingReadingIThemainideaofthewholetextandeachpart:Themainidea:Thepassagetellsuspsychologists’observation,analysisandexplanationondaydreams.PartI(Para.1-2):Illustratesomeexamplesofdaydreams.PartII(Para.3-4):Differentviewsonthevalueofdaydreams.PartIII(Para.5):Thefrequencyofdaydreamsandtheircontent.PartIV(Para.6):Threedaydreampatterns.StructureLanguagePoints…thebirdsaresingingandthetreesarebudding.1DialogueIbudding:adj.beginningtodevelop開始發(fā)育（發(fā)展）的

Phrases:abuddingsportsman初露頭角的

abuddingbeauty妙齡女郎

abuddingscientistTheurgetogazeoutthewindowisirresistible.21)urge:n.animpulsethatpromptsactionoreffort強(qiáng)烈欲望

E.g.Hehasanurgetobecomeacinemastar.

urge:vt.toforceordriveforwardoronward推進(jìn)，驅(qū)策LanguagePointsDialogueI1)urge:v.urgeagainst極力反對

odoing[todo]催促[慫恿]...做

urgeon[onward,forward]推進(jìn);驅(qū)策

urgesth.on[upon]sb.向某人極力陳述某事2)gaze:v.tolooksteadily,intently凝視，注視

Phrases:gazeaftersb.目送某人

gazearound左顧右盼

gazeat盯住

gazeon看到,望見

gazeout向外注視3)irresistible:a.impossibletoresist不可抗拒的

Phrase:irresistibledesire/impulsen.irresistibility/irresistiblenessTheurgetogazeoutthewindowisirresistible.2LanguagePointsSuddenlyyouarestartledbacktoreality.3DialogueIstartle:v.toalarm,frighten,orsurprisesuddenly

Phrase:startlesb.outofone‘swits使人驚呆

Sentence:Hestartledfromsleep.Iwasstartledby[at]thenewsofhisdeath.Shewasstartledtoseehimlookingsoill.LanguagePoints…youthoughtswanderunconsciouslyinunexpecteddirections.4DialogueIunconsciously:adv.unconscious:adj.lackingawareness無意識的conscious:a.beawareofsth.有意識的

phrases:beconsciousofone'sshortcomingswithaconsciousair故作謙虛地

costconscious成本意識

redconscious對紅色敏感的

sentences:Hewasconsciousthathemustdoallthis.Theoldmanwasconscioustothelast.IamconsciousthatIhavedoneright.LanguagePoints…prisonersofwastosurvivetortureanddeprivation.torture:n.a.inflictionofseverephysicalpain嚴(yán)刑，酷刑

b.physicalormentalpain痛苦，折磨

c.somethingcausingseverepain拷打；拷問

phrases:suffertorturefrom

因...受痛苦

thetorturesofjealousy

妒忌的折磨

vt.tortureadj.torturousn.torturer2)deprivation:n.theactoftakingsomethingaway剝奪

phrase:waterdeprivationv.deprive(of)adj.deprivablen.deprival5DialogueILanguagePoints…agreatdealoftimeeachdayinidlethought…idle:adj.1)notemployedorbusy空閑的E.g.idlecarpenters2)lazy懶惰的,游手好閑的E.g.idleyouth3)notinuseoroperation閑置的

E.g.idlehands4)lackingsubstance,value無實質(zhì)的，無價值的Phrases:anidlefellow

游手好閑的人

idleworms

懶蟲idlehours

閑時

idlegossip

說短道長者,散布流言蜚語者

haveone'shandsidle

手空著,沒事干

beidletoargue

爭論也無用

idlefear(s)

無端的恐懼

v.idleE.g.idlethewholeafternoonn.idleness/idling/idleradv.idly6DialogueILanguagePoints…thiskindtendtobroodandberiddledwithself-doubt.7DialogueIbrood:vi.tobedeepinthought沉思；冥想

E.g.Don’tbroodaboutit.

vt.tohatch,toprotect孵蛋,庇護(hù)

n.agroupofyoungbirds(動物中鳥或家禽的)一窩

E.g.abroodofchickensadj.Keptforbreeding:為繁殖而飼養(yǎng)的

E.g.abroodhen/mare

Phrases:broodabove/over(氣氛)籠罩

broodon

念念不忘,計較(特指忿恨不滿)broodup

養(yǎng)育;繁殖BetterbyfaryoushouldforgetandsmileThanthatyoushouldrememberandbesad.

ChristinaRossetti

最好遺忘,

開心笑，不要記起,

心悲傷。

——克里思蒂娜.羅塞蒂

RecallingMyPrimaryandSecondarySchoolDaysInteractionActivitiesHowdoyouthinkofyourprimaryandsecondaryschooldays?Werethereanydeepmemories?ListeningPracticeSpellingDictationADictationBListeningComprehensionSpellingflavourembroideryfigurelegendarycharacterizespecificsurviveindividualbroodcategoryirresistibledeprivationImaginesittingonthesmoothfloorofadarkroom.Therearenowindowsordoors.Thewallsaresothickthatnonoisefromoutsidecanreachyou.Atfirst,youmightenjoytherestfulness.Therewouldbenothingforyoutodo.Ifyouweretired,youmightfallasleepafterawhile.Buthowwouldyoufeelwhenyouwokeup?Ifyouwouldn’tseeorhearorsmellanything,youwouldn’tknownwhereyouwere.Youwouldn’tknowwhattimeitwas.Soon,youmightstarttoseethingswhicharenothere.Youmightseeflashinglights,heredogbarking,orsmellacakebaking.Youmightimaginethatthefloororthewallsweremoving.Youmightfeelverywarmorverycold.Youmightevenshouttothepeopleoutsidetheroom,askingthemtoletyouout.Whathasbeenhappening?Thehumanmindisdeprivedofexternalstimuliit’susedto.Itmanufacturesitsown.DictationAMostpeoplerarelythinkabouthoworwhytheysleep.Weneedsleeptorestourbodiesandourminds.Bothareimportantinorderforusetobehealthy.Itseemstherearetwopurposesofsleep:physicalrestandemotionalrest.Eachnightwealternatebetweentwokindsofsleep:activesleepandpassivesleep.Passivesleepgivesourbodytherestthatisneeded,andpreparesforactivesleep,inwhichdreamingoccurs.Inpassivesleep,thebodyisatrest,andthebrainbecomesveryinactive.Ifwecontinuetosleep,wewillenteramoreactivestage,inwhichthebraingoesfrombeingveryinactivetobeingactiveandeyesbegintomoverapidly.Theeyemovementsignalsthatthepersonisdreaming.Thisalternatingcycleisrepeatedseveraltimesthroughoutthemight.Duringeighthoursofsleep,we