Grammar1.Matchthesentenceswiththenamesofthetenses.pastsimple

pastperfect

pastcontinuousHesurvived.

Hewasdrivingalorry.Hehadhadlotsofjobs.2.Readthesentencesanddiscussthequestions.a.Whichtensereferstoactionsinthepast?b.Whichtensereferstoanactioninprogresswhenanotherthinghappened?c.Whichtensereferstosomethingwhichhappenedbeforesomethingelse?1.Beforehevolunteeredtodirecttraffic,Timoteohadhadlotsofjobs.2.Hewasdrivingalorrywhenhecameofftheroad.3.Somehowhesurvived.cba

用在It’stime/Iwish/I’drather+that-clause句型中,以及某些條件。句中表示虛擬,這些句型描述的情況往往與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。

HowIwisheveryfamily

alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(have)一般過(guò)去時(shí)had過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去延續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。

They

(expect)youyesterday.他們昨天一直在等你。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)wereexpecting過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法wastalking

常用一個(gè)句子來(lái)表示時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

WhenIarrived,Tom

(talk)onthephone.1.

句中常用by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或以before,until,when,than等引導(dǎo)的含有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去完成時(shí)By5:00yesterdaymorningwe

(finish)thatwork.

hadfinished2.表示某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間,

并可能持續(xù)下去。

JohnandJane

(know)eachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.hadknown3.用在if引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件句以及wish,asif引導(dǎo)的從句中。

Ifshe

(work)hard,shewouldhavesucceeded.

要是她努力的話,她就會(huì)成功了。(事實(shí)....

)hadworked4.常用hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,；nosooner...than...等結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示“剛剛……就……”。

(begin)tospeak,whentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

他剛開(kāi)始演講,聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。Hend,think,

hope,

want,

mean等動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算或意圖。

I

(mean,take)agoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.我本來(lái)打算今年好好休個(gè)假,但是我不能離開(kāi)了。hadmeanttotake1.—Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?—No.I_____thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.A.wasreading B.hadread C.amreadingD.havereadPractice2.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_____it.Wasityou?A.hasdone B.haddone C.woulddo D.willdo3.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople_____allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.A.sell B.weresellingC.hadsold D.havesold 4.—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No,I_____myhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoing B.woulddo C.hasdone D.do5.Excuseme.I_____Iwasblockingyourway.A.didn’trealize B.don’trealizeC.haven’trealized D.wasn’trealizingP14.Act4:Completethepassagewiththecorrectformoftheverbs.Keys:(1)haddone(2)waswaiting(3)hadseen(4)hadasked(5)wascrying(6)left(7)ran(8)wastalking(9)hadfinished(10)did(11)knew(12)hadhappened(13)hadforgotten(14)took(15)hadfrozenFunctionMakingdeductionsaboutthepast1.must＋have＋過(guò)去分詞“一定已經(jīng)……”。

2.can(could)＋have＋過(guò)去分詞常用于否定或疑問(wèn)判斷:過(guò)去可能或：過(guò)去本可以。

3.may/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞不肯定的推測(cè),過(guò)去也許。

4.needn`t＋have＋過(guò)去分詞

常用于否定句,“本來(lái)不必……”。5.should/oughtto＋have＋過(guò)去分詞

肯定：“過(guò)去本應(yīng)做...(但沒(méi)做)”;否定：“過(guò)去不該做...(但做了)”,含有不滿或責(zé)備之意。6.would＋have＋過(guò)去分詞

本來(lái)要做卻因某原因未做，說(shuō)明情況,不含責(zé)備之意。

(P17)1:Completethesentenceswiththecorrectwordsandphrases.“IvisitedChinalastyear.”“That_____interesting!”2.“IlookedafteragroupoffifteenFrenchchildren.”“That____easy!”3.They____havegotlost,orhadanaccident.DBBFunction－Makingdeductionsaboutthepast1.“WhenIwasyounger,Iworkedasaminer.”“That______havebeenhard.”2.I’msurprisedDaviddidn’tapplyforthejob.He______haveseentheadvertisement.2.Completethesentenceswith

must,can’tormight.mustcan’t3.“Where’sSam?”“Idon’tknow.He_____havegonetothemeeting.”4.Idon’tknowwhythemanagerdidn’treply.He______nothavereceivedourletter.5.Jackielookshappy.They______haveincreasedhissalary.6.Thesecretarywasn’tlistening.She____haveheardwhatIsaid.mightmightmustcan’t1.John_____abetterjob,buthewastoocareless.

A.shoulddoB.musthavedone

C.coulddoD.couldhavedone2.--Idon’tknowwhyheislate.

--NordoI.He__havehadanaccident.

A.canB.should

C.mightD.must3.Hemusthaveseentheinspectorlastnight,____he?A.mustn’tB.hasn’tC.didn’tD.doesn’t4.--Marylookssad.Didyoutellherabouttheaccident?--Yes,butI____havetoldher.

A.shouldB.shouldn’t

C.mustD.oughttonot5.Theplaygroundisallwet.It___rainedlastnight.

A.hadB.canhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave6.We_____havehurried.Wehadtowaittwentyminutesbeforethemeetingbegan.A.needn’tB.should

C.mustD.couldn’t7.--Whotoldyoumyaddress?--Idon’trememberclearly.It__Tom.--It____Tom.Hedoesn’tknowit.A.mayhavebeen;can’tbe