文學與藝術(shù)類1、Manyofuslistentomusicwhilewework,thinkingthatitwillhelpustoconcentrateonthetaskathand.Andinfact,recentresearchhasfoundthatmusiccanhavebeneficialeffectsoncreativity.Whenitcomestootherareasofperformance,however,theimpactofbackgroundmusicismorecomplicated.Theideathatlisteningtomusicwhenworkingisbeneficialtooutputprobablyhasitsrootsinthesocalled“Mozarteffect”.Putsimply,thisisthefindingthatspatialrotationperformance（空間旋轉(zhuǎn)能力）isincreasedimmediatelyafterlisteningtothemusicofMozart,comparedtonosoundatall.Howsoundaffectsperformancehasbeenthetopicofresearchforover40years,andisobservedthroughaphenomenoncalledtheirrelevantsoundeffect.Tostudyirrelevantsoundeffect,participantsintheresearchareaskedtocompleteasimpletaskwhichrequiresthemtorecallaseriesofnumbersorlettersintheexactorderinwhichtheysawthem.Thetrickythingisbeingabletodothiswhileignoringanybackgroundnoise.Twokeycharacteristicsoftheirrelevantsoundeffectarerequiredforitsobservation.First,thetaskmustrequirethepersontousetheirrehearsalabilities（復(fù)述能力），andsecond,thesoundmustcontainacousticalvariation（聲學變化）.Wherethesounddoesnotvarymuchacoustically,theperformanceofthetaskismuchclosertothatobservedinquietconditions.Theirrelevantsoundeffectitselfcomesfromattemptingtoprocesstwosourcesoforderedinformationatthesametim-onefromthetaskandonefromthesound.Unfortunately,onlytheformerisrequiredtosuccessfullyperformtherecalltask,andtheeffortinensuringthatirrelevantorderinformationfromthesoundisnotprocessedactuallyhinders^礙）thisability.Asimilarconflictisalsoseenwhenreadingwhileinthepresenceoflyricalmusic.Inthissituation,thetwosourcesofwords—fromthetaskandthesound—areinconflict.Thecostispoorerperformanceofthetaskinthepresenceofmusicwithlyrics.Whatthisallmeansisthatwhetherhavingmusicplayinginthebackgroundhelpsorhindersperformancedependsonthetaskandonthetypeofmusic,andonlyunderstandingthisrelationshipwillhelppeoplemaximizetheirproductivitylevels.“Mozarteffect”ismentionedto.explainhowmusiccanrelaxpeopleshowmusiccanimproveperformanceadvisepeopletolistentoMozartmusicstressMozartmusicgainswideattentionItcanbeinferredthatparticipantsintheresearch.haveimprovedtheirrehearsalabilityperformbetterinthequietconditionsignorethebackgroundnoisesuccessfullypreferthemusicwithgreatsoundvariationParagraph6iswrittento.supportanideamakeacontrastintroduceatopicdescribeafactWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?MusicshapesyourlifeMusicdevelopsyourcreativityChoosequietmusicforyourworkDoesmusicmakeyouconcentrate?2、Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool,slessonsateverygradelevel.Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,likepayingattentionandfollowingdirections.Peopledevelopalltheseskillswhentheylearnmusic.Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.Itprovidesstudentswithachancetotryouttheirownideas.Musicnotonlymakeschildrenbetterstudents,butalsogivesthemsomethingpositivetodo.Inamusicprogram,childrencanbepartofabandinsteadofjoiningagang（團伙）.Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren,smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.Inaschoolband,studentsgettobepartofateam.Theycangetalongwellwitholdfriendsandmakenewfriendsthroughmusic.Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.Itgiveschildrenasenseofachievementandsuccess.Makingmusicissomethingforthemtobeproudof,anditletskidspracticeperforminginfrontofanaudience.Musicgiveschildrenanopportunityforself-expression,andthathelpsdeveloptheirself-confidence.Inaword,musicisimportantbecauseitcanmakechildrenbetterstudents,givethemsomethingpositivetodo,andbuildtheircharacter.Thatiswhymusicshouldbeofferedineverysinglegradeineveryschool.l.Accordingtothepassage,musiccouldmakestudentssmarterby.A.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandpayingattentionB.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandimaginationC.improvingtheirattention,directionandimaginationD.learningmusic,makingmusicandtryingouttheirownideas.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gluedto”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.Unwillingtoturnon.B.Alwayslooking.C.Unwillingtoleave.D.Alwaysplaying..Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthatmusiccould.A.givechildrenself-expressionandself-confidenceB.bringtochildrenachievementandsuccessC.givechildrensomethingtobeproudofD.developchildren'sself-confidence4.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.MusicisamustasacourseatschoolB.Musicbuildschildren'sself-confidenceC.MusicmakesstudentsmuchsmarterD.Learningmusicandmakingmusic3、AuldLangSyneisasongthateveryonedrunkenlysings,whichmarksthestarttoabrandnewyear.Nooneeverseemstoknowthewords(somethingaboutforgettingoldacquaintances?)orwhattheymean(whywouldwewanttoforgetpeople?),but,inAmerica,it'sasmuchapartofNewYears,traditionaswine.Butwhy?Thelyrics(歌詞)tothesongcomefromapoemwrittenbythegreatScottishpoetRobertBumsin1788.ItstitleisbelievedtobeanoldScottishwayofsaying“alongtimeago.’‘Phraseslike“Inthedaysofauldlangsyne”alsoappearinotherScottishfairytalesandpoems,usuallyasawayofsaying“OnceUponaTime.”Whileitstillcausesconfusion,itisbelievedthattheopeninglinesofthesongaremeanttoberhetorical(夸張的)；“Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgotten,andneverbroughttomind?Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgotten,andauldlangsyne?”thereforemeansweshouldhaveadrinkinhonorofwhateverispassing,andrememberoldfriends.WhentheScotsimmigratedtoAmericainthe19thcentury,theybroughtthesongwiththem.ButitsgreatpopularitycanbelargelyduetotheCanadianbandleaderGuyLombardo.In1965,heexplainedhowhehimselfcametoassociatethesongwiththeendoftheyeartoLifemagazine:“AuldLangSyneiscurthemesong-andwaslongbeforeanyoneeverheardusontheradio.InourparticularpartofwesternOntario,wherethere'salargeScottishpopulation,itwastraditionalforbandstoendeverydancewithAuldLangSyne.Wedidn,tthinkitwasknownhere.Ifyouwanttoseethesingerinaction,checkouthisfinalperformanceontheeveof1977,afterperformingfor48yearsinarow..HowmightpeoplefeelwhenfirsthearingthesongAuldLangSyne?A.Confused.B.Moved.C.Energetic.D.Comfortable..WhydopeoplesingAuldLangSynewhenNewYeariscoming?A.Tohopeforgoodluck.B.TocelebratetheNewYear.C.InhonorofRobertBums.D.Inmemoryofthepast..WhyisGuyLombardomentionedinthetext?A.HecreatedthesongAuldLangSyne.B.HemadethesongAuldLangSynemorepopular.C.HebroughtthesongAuldLangSynetoAmerica.D.HewasthefirsttosingthesongAuldLangSyne..Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatdoesAuldLangSyneMean?B.WhoMakesAuldLangSynePopular?C.HowdoesAuldLangSyneComeintoBeing?D.WhydoPeopleSingAuldLangSyneonNewYearEve?4、Inthe19thcenturythenovelcameintoitsown.Thousandsuponthousandsofnovelswerepublished.Ofthosenovels,veryfewarerememberedtoday.However,thereareexceptions:theworksofJaneAuster一PrideandPrejudice（《傲慢與偏見》），SenseandSensibility《理智與情感》） forexample.TheyachievedonlymodestsuccessatfirstbutgrewandgrewinfameC名聲）andreputation.HowdidJaneAustenbecomesopopular?Ofcourse,thenovelsareromantic^漫的）.EveryoneknowsthelovestoryofMrDarcyandElizabethBennett（inPrideandPrejudice）,andhowtheyovercometheirownprideandprejudicetolivehappilyeverafter.TheloversarealmostasfamoustodayasRomeoandJuliet.ButthereismoretoAustenspopularitythanthefactthatshewroteaboutlove.Thebooksarevery亞1廿丫（機智的）andironic（諷刺的），andshowagreatunderstandingofsocietyandofpeople.PrideandPrejudiceopenswithwhatmusthethemostfamoussentenceintheEnglishnovel:"Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged（認可），thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife."Thetruth,ofcourse,istheopposite:wealthy,unmarriedyoungmenareextremelyattractivetoyoungwomen.Andwomen—especiallypenniless身無分文）ornear-pennilessones—arethesubjectsofAusten'stales.WomennowadaysmaybemoreequaltomenthantheywereinJaneAusten,sday.However,asensethatwomenstillbasicallyliveinaworlddominate控制）bymenensuresthatAustenstillhasmanykeenreaders..Whatisthepointofthearticle?A.TodescribethestatusofwomeninJaneAusten,stime.B.TopromoteJaneAusten,snovelsamongteenagers.C.ToexplorethecharacteristicsofJaneAusten'snovels.D.ToanalyzewhyJaneAusten,snovelshavesuchalavStingappeal..Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?A.JaneAustenwroteatotaloffournovelsinherlifetime.B.Mostofthenovelswritteninthe19thcenturyareromances.C.JaneAustenisoneofthemostsuccessfulnovelistsofthe19thcentury.D.JaneAustensnovelswereahitwhentheywerefirstpublished.3.Accordingtothearticle,mostoftheheroinesinAusten'sworks.A.arepoorandyoungB.arehappilymarriedC.marrywealthymenD.arepennilessbutwitty4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadeJaneAusten,sworkssopopular?a.Theyaremostlylovestories.Mostofthemhaveahappyending.Theyarefullofwitandirony.Peoplecanstillrelatetothemtoday.Theyexplainhowtosucceedinamale-dominatedsociety.A.a,b,cB.a,c,dC.c,d,eD.b,c,e5、SalvadorDali（1904-1989）wasoneofthemostpopularmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities無限）.“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge,contractionndexpansioncominginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum-theatreinFigueras,”explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration（合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida..WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional..WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebeatTVprogrammes..HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject..Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.6、WelcometotheVanGoghGalleryforinformationaboutthelifeandworkofVincentvanGogh.Asapostimpressionistpainterandoneofthemostfamousartistsofalltime,VincentvanGoghhasbecomeamodel.FromgrowingupinHollandindworkingasapastor（牧師），movingtoFranceandcreatinganunbelievablecollectionofartwork,thissitetakesanin-depthlookatVanGogh,slife,hisworkandtheinfluencehehashadonourculture.VanGoghhadmanyinfluencesonhislifeincludinghisfamilyandfriends,otherartistssuchasEdgarDegas,andhishealth.ToseehoweachoftheseaffectedhislifepleasevisittheImportantFigures,ArtisticInfluencesandHealthsections.ForinformationabouthowVanGogh,sarthasinfluencedoursocietytoday,viewtheImpactonArt,CulturalReferences,orNewssection.IfyouareinterestedinaddingmoreVanGoghtoyourlife,theVanGoghGalleryhasplentytooffer.DownloadVanGoghimagesofsomeofhismostfamouspaintingsaswallpaperforyourcomputer,shopforVanGoghpostersorprintsprcheckoutsomeoftheadditionalresourcesavailableincludinglinkstoVanGoghmuseumsandshows.ThereareevenlessonplansfrommultidisciplineareasforthoseinterestedineducatingothersaboutVanGogh,sartandlife.VanGoghhasinfluencedgenerationsofyoungartistsworldwidesincehistime.Todaywecanseehisinfluenceinpainting,inpoetryandinvideo.WearehappytodisplaynewexamplesofartthatwereinfluencedbyVanGoghinourVanGoghCommunityArtsection.Tragically,VanGoghdiednotknowingthepraisehisartwouldreceive.Hewillbeforeverknownasoneofthegreatestartistsofthemodernera.Throughthiswebsite,theVanGoghGalleryaimstosharehislifeandheritagewiththeworld.l.What'sthefunctionoftheVanGoghGallery?A.TocollecttheartworksofVanGogh.B.Torecallpeople'smemoryofVanGogh.C.Tocollectexperts'opinionsonVanGogh.D.Toprovideinformationabouttheartist'slifeandwork..WhatinformationcanyougetattheCulturalReferences?A.Howhebeganhiscareerasapastor.B.HowthosearoundVanGoghaffectedhislife.C.Howheinfluencedhisfamilyandhisfriends.D.HowVanGoghhasinfluencedtoday'ssociety..WhatcanweinferaboutVanGoghfromthepassage?A.Hisartworksweren'twellreceivedduringhislifetime.B.Heonceworkedasamodelforpainterstomakealiving.C.Hispaintingswerewidelyusedaswallpapersforcomputers.D.Peoplewidelyappreciatedhisartworksduringhislifetime..Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.learnaboutVanGogh'slifeB.welcometotheVanGoghGalleryC.VanGogh'sinformationonyoungerartists.D.Welcometoanunbelievablecollectionofartworks.答案1、1.B;2.B;3.A;4.D解析：B.詞句猜測題.根據(jù)文章第二段Theideathatlisteningtomusicwhenworkingisbeneficialtooutputprobablyhasitsrootsinthesocalled“Mozarteffect".可知工作時聽音樂有利于輸出的觀點，可能源于所謂的〃莫扎特效應(yīng)〃.由此可見，提到〃莫扎特效應(yīng)〃，表示音樂可以提高演奏水平.故選B.B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第四段Wherethesounddoesnotvarymuchacoustically,theperformanceofthetaskismuchclosertothatobservedinquietconditions,可知如果聲音在聲學上變化不大，則任務(wù)的執(zhí)行更接近于在安靜條件下觀察到的情況.由此可見，可以推斷，研究參與者在安靜的環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)更好.故選B.A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第六段Asimilarconflictisalsoseenwhenreadingwhileinthepresenceoflyricalmusic.Inthissituation,thetwosourcesofwordssfromthetaskandthesoundsareinconflict.Thecostispoorerperformanceofthetaskinthepresenceofmusicwithlyrics.可知在有抒情音樂的情況下閱讀也會出現(xiàn)類似的沖突.在這種情況下，任務(wù)和聲音中的兩個詞源是沖突的.成本是在有歌詞的音樂的情況下，任務(wù)的表現(xiàn)較差.由此可見，此段內(nèi)容是為了證明上面觀點，故選A.D.標題判斷題.根據(jù)文章大意，本文主要講述了音樂能否提高人們的注意力和生產(chǎn)力，本文通過實驗進一步研究“聲音效應(yīng)”對性能的影響.由此可見，Doesmusicmakeyouconcentrate?符合題意，故選D.2、1.B;2.C;3.D;4.A解析：1.文章大意:音樂在學生的成長過程中其作用不容忽視,是學校必須的一門課程。細節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第一段第二句"Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.”第三句“Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,…”和第五句”“]^卜血8musicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.”可知B正確。.猜測詞義題父母能夠享受聽他們的小孩玩音樂的樂趣而不是看見他們不樂意離開(unwillingtoleave)電腦或電視屏幕。根據(jù)語境推測判斷C為正確答案。.段落大意題根據(jù)第三段首句“Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.”音樂也構(gòu)建自信(主題句)可知D為正確答案。.標題概括題第一段第一句"Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool,slessonsateverygradelevel.”即本篇文章的主題句。根據(jù)概括標題需遵循“征對性、概括性、醒目性”的原則可知A為最佳答案。3、1.A;2.D;3.B;4.D解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前面三段的內(nèi)容可知，當人們聽到歌曲AuldLangSyne時似乎沒人知道歌詞表達的是什么意思。第二段說明了歌詞的來歷。第三段第一句”.Whileitstillcausesconfusion,itisbelievedthattheopeninglinesofthesongaremeanttobe…”可知現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)匀贿€有點迷惑。而選項A中的Confused就是文中的名詞confusion的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由此可知A項符合題意。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的thereforemeansweshouldhaveadrinkinhonorofwhateverispassing,andrememberoldfriends.”可知，這意味著我們喝一杯酒來紀念過去的一切,記住老朋友。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句"ButitsgreatpopularitycanbelargelyduetotheCanadianbandleaderGuyLombardo.”可知，它的大受歡迎很大程度上是因為加拿大樂隊指揮GuyLombardoo.主旨大意題。第一段敘述是一首大家都喜歡的歌，但大家都對此不了解,最后一句提出了問題but,inAmerica,it'sasmuchapartofNewYears'traditionaswine.Butwhy?”接著對其作了解釋,在新年時唱起它,是為了紀念過去的一切,記住老朋友。D項可概括文章的主旨。4、1.D;2.C;3.A;4.B解析：1.主旨大意題.A項是說描寫簡?奧斯汀時代婦女的地位，這只是她的作品的一個特點，并非主旨大意;本文不是推銷書籍,所以B項錯誤;本文旨在分析英國作家簡?奧斯汀的寫作特點,而這恰恰是她的作品受世人歡迎的原因;而不是C項探索她的小說特點。所以選Do2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容十九世紀出版了成千上萬的小說可現(xiàn)在很少被人記得。但是簡?奧斯汀的作品是個例外。還有根據(jù)最后一句"Theyachievedonlymodestsuccessatfirstbutgrewandgrewinfame（g聲）andreputatioru”可排除D項，故答案選C。.細節(jié)理解題。從第四段"Andwomen-especiallypennil