動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

一、常見時(shí)態(tài)及其謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成

一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/are+表am/is/are+doinghave/has

+

donedo/does過去was/were+表was/were+doinghaddonedid將來will/shall+dowill/shallbe+doingwill/shallhave+doneam/is/aregoing+todo體時(shí)用數(shù)軸法理解時(shí)態(tài)二、動(dòng)詞在不同時(shí)態(tài)下的變化study三單：studies過去式：studied過去分詞：studied現(xiàn)在分詞：studyinggo三單：goes過去式：went過去分詞：went現(xiàn)在分詞：goinglive三單：lives過去式：lived過去分詞：lived現(xiàn)在分詞：livingsit三單：sits過去式：sat過去分詞：sat現(xiàn)在分詞：sittingstop三單：stops過去式：stopped過去分詞：stopped現(xiàn)在分詞：stopping總結(jié)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(主語三單)：lives,sits,stops,goes,studies→一般+s→以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后+es→以輔音+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y→i,再+es總結(jié)：2.一般過去時(shí)：lived,stopped,studied,sat,went規(guī)則變化→一般+ed(以e結(jié)尾直接+d)→元+輔且重讀結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫該輔音后再加+ed→以輔音+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y→i,再+ed不規(guī)則變化：sat,went（背不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表第2列）總結(jié)：3.過去分詞：lived,stopped,studied,sat,

gone規(guī)則變化→一般+ed(以e結(jié)尾直接+d)→元+輔且重讀結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫該輔音后再加+ed→以輔音+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y→i,再+ed不規(guī)則變化：sat,gone（背不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表第3列）總結(jié)：4.現(xiàn)在分詞：studying,going,stopping,sitting,living規(guī)則變化→一般+ing→元+輔且重讀結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫該輔音后再加+ing→以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e再+ing不規(guī)則變化：die,lie,tie三個(gè)把ie→y再+ing→dying,lying,tying三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Thecateatsthefish.貓吃魚（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）→Thefishiseatenbythecat.魚被貓吃（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）主謂賓賓謂主*主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般方法2.Thecatatethefish.貓吃了魚（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）→Thefishwaseatenbythecat.魚被貓吃了（被動(dòng)）3.Thecatwilleatthefish.貓要吃魚（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）→Thefishwillbeeatenbythecat.魚要被貓吃（被動(dòng)）4.Thecathaseatenthefish.貓已經(jīng)吃了魚（主動(dòng)）→Thefishhasbeeneatenbythecat.魚已經(jīng)被貓吃了（被）Thefishiseatenbythecat.魚被貓吃(一般現(xiàn)在)Thefish

waseatenbythecat.魚被貓吃了(一般過去)Thefishwillbeeatenbythecat.魚要被貓吃(一般將來)Thefishhasbeeneatenbythecat.魚已經(jīng)被貓吃了(現(xiàn)完)總結(jié)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞隨時(shí)態(tài)而變化時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài):be+V.ed(過分)一般現(xiàn)do/doesam/is/are+done一般過didwas/were+done一般將willdowillbe+doneam/is/aregoingtodoam/is/aregoingtobedone現(xiàn)完have/hasdonehave/hasbeen+done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done被動(dòng)語態(tài)也有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化,列表如下（以動(dòng)詞do為例）:Tips：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表的使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語非三單情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+V.(原)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在/過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)Exercise1觀察句子1.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.2.Igohomeeverydaybybike.3.Itoldyoutocalmdown,bothofyou!4.Infact,westayedatthesamecampsitewhenIwasfiveyearsold,too.5.Themusicindustryisdevelopingfastnow.6.AndI’msureplayinginabandwillhelpyoumakelotsofnewfriendsatuniversity.7.Iamgoingtovisitthemuseumsoon.8.Shestillhassmoothskinandstraightblackhair,andjogginghaskeptherslimandfit.我的領(lǐng)悟1.句1,2使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞形式是動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式和動(dòng)詞原形。2.句3,4使用了一般過去時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式是動(dòng)詞的過去式。3.句5使用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成是bedoing。4.句6謂語由willdo構(gòu)成,表單純的將來的安排;句7中amgoingto表“打算做某事”。5.句8使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！疚⒕?】用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空①Asyouknow,itsnows

(snow)inwinter.②PleasetellmeassoonasMarkcalls(call)you.③Mymothertoldmetheearthmoves(move)aroundthesun.④Theflighttakes(take)offat2:30pmeveryFriday.①TheexhibitionopenedonJanuary1standclosed

(close)onJanuary31st.②Shedidn’tgooutlastnight,becauseshehad(have)aheadache.③Tomwaslate,soheopened(open)thedoorquietly.④Hegotup,washed(wash)hisface,hadhisbreakfastandwenttowork.【微練3】用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空①Hurryup!Thebusiscoming(come).②Sinceitisraining(rain)hard,youmayaswellstayhereuntilitstops.③Look!Thetwoboysarestanding(stand)there.④Iamleaving(leave)forShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.【微練4】用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空①ThisisthefirsttimethatI

havebeeninvited(invite)toLondon.②Wehavefinished(finish)alltheworkandwe’retotallyrelaxed.③Nobodyhasseen(see)himsincethen.④Ihaveworked(work)inthebigcompanyforyears.【微練5】用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空①Assoonasyoucomehere,Iwillshow(show)youaroundthecity.②Inthefuture,Iwillbecome(become)adesigner.Exercise2Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.Wewillputoffthepicnictillnextweekendifit

(rain)tomorrow.答案

rains

2.Myfather

(smoke)fortenyearsbuthegivesitupbecauseofhisillness.答案與解析

smoked

3.IfyoucometovisitChina,you

(experience)acultureofamazingdepthandvariety.答案與解析

will

experience

4.Themeeting

(begin)smoothly,butthenthingsstartedtogowrong.答案與解析

began

5.He

(drink)toomuchandwasunabletorememberanything.答案與解析

drank

6.Theotherday,he

(drive)hiscartovisithisparents.答案與解析

drove

7.Look!Somechildren

(play)basketballintheyard.答案與解析

are

playing8.Greatchanges

(take)placeinthiscityinthepast10years.答案與解析

have

taken9.Pollycandrivebyherselfbecauseshe

(pass)hertest.答案與解析

has

passed

Ⅱ.語法填空

Overthepasttwentyyears,Americancountrymusic

1

(become)moreandmorepopular.Insteadofwritingaboutmoney,successorexpensivethingstobuy,songwritersnow

2

(write)oncemoreaboutthethingsthat

3

(be)commonforeveryonenowadays.Inthe1950s,Americanmusic

4

(be)aboutotherthings,forexample,love.Money

5

(consider)tobeimportant,too.Theninthe1960s,songwriters

6

(turn)toothersubjects.Duringtheseyearsmanyyou