名詞的基本知識詞性名詞(n.)表示人或事物的名稱的詞動詞(v.)表示動作和狀態(tài)的詞形容詞(adj.)表示人或事物特征的詞副詞(adv.)修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞連詞(conj.)連接詞/短語/句子與詞/短語/句子介詞(prep.)表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關系代詞(pron.)代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞冠詞(art.)與名詞連用，說明人或事物的作用數(shù)詞(num.)表示數(shù)量和順序的詞感嘆詞(int.)表示說話人感情或語氣的詞什么是名詞？名詞：是對人物、事物、地點命名PERSONTHINGPLACEaboyalanguageacityagirlawatchourcountrymyteacheracatahotelJoealegParisEllenHondaMexicoMrs.LopezEarthCentralHotel練習一：找出句子里的名詞（括號內(nèi)的數(shù)字是句子中名詞數(shù)量的提示）Whatisyourfavoritefood?(1)Thisisanexcellentquestion.(1)Myfavoritefoodforbreakfastisasandwichwitheggs.(4)Myfavoritefoodforlunchissalad.(3)Myfavoritefoodfordinnerischickenwithlemonsandredpeppers.(5)Myfavoritefoodfordesertischocolate.(3)Chocolateisthebestfood.(2)Ieatchocolateeveryday.(2)名詞的單復數(shù)：重要考點單數(shù)指一個，復數(shù)指兩個或多個單數(shù)復數(shù)規(guī)則ananimalthreeanimals多數(shù)名詞直接+sanaddresstwoaddressesch/sh/s/o/x結尾+esababyfivebabies輔音+y結尾，去y改i+esadaytendays元音+y結尾，直接+saleaffourleavesf或fe結尾，去f改v+es練習二：名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則變化1.在詞尾直接+sshop — desk —computer— school— face — house—以s、x、ch、sh結尾的詞，在詞尾加esbus —watch—box —brush—以o結尾的詞，有生命的加es，無生命的加stomato—hero —radio—zoo —potato—Nergo—photo—piano—以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，y變i加esbaby—city —factory—story—以f或fe結尾的詞，f變v加esthief—wolf—self —wife—life—shelf —leaf —half —knife—直接+sroof—proof—handkerchief—belief—gulf—名詞復數(shù)不規(guī)則變化常見特殊變化man—woman—policeman—child—tooth—goose—foot—mouse—單復數(shù)同形Chinese/Japanese/deer/sheep/fish只有復數(shù)沒有單數(shù)people/shoes/glasses/gloves/shorts/clothes/socks/trousers/pants/scissors/chopsticks可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞：普通考點可數(shù)名詞可以變復數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞atest,twotestshomeworkachair,threechairsfurnitureapieceofbread,afewpiecesofbreadbread注意：不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)，不和a/an及數(shù)詞搭配使用。不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時，需要使用量詞。apieceofnews一條新聞twopiecesofbread兩塊面包threepiecesofpaper三張紙fourglassesofmilk四杯牛奶fivebottlesofwater五瓶水sixcupsoftea六杯茶食物相關的不可數(shù)名詞beef牛肉fish魚肉mutton羊肉beer啤酒food食物pork豬肉bread面包fruit水果rice米飯breakfast早餐honey蜂蜜salt鹽chicken雞肉jam果醬soup湯chocolate巧克力juice果汁sugar糖coffee咖啡lunch午餐tea茶coke可樂meat肉dinner晚餐milk牛奶自然相關的不可數(shù)名詞air空氣light光water水fog霧rain雨weather天氣grass草snow雪wind風ice冰time時間具體事物相關的不可數(shù)名詞equipment設備ink墨水newspaper報紙furniture家具jewelry珠寶paper紙hair頭發(fā)money錢powder粉末homework作業(yè)music音樂housework家務news新聞抽象概念相關的不可數(shù)名詞advice建議justice正義science科學business商業(yè)kindness善良strength力量experience經(jīng)驗knowledge知識truth真理fun樂趣literature文學vocabulary詞匯help幫助population人口wisdom智慧honesty誠實progress進步work工作information信息scenery風景練習三：改正句子中名詞的錯誤Twoweekhavefourteenday.Someyoungchildhaveproblemswiththeirtooth.Wehaveoneteachersfortwohoureverymorning.Somepeoplesprefertodotheirhomeworkslateatnight.Howmanydayarethereinayears?專有名詞的書寫規(guī)則專有名詞指特定的人物、事物或地點的名字單個詞匯的專有名詞首字母大寫多個詞匯的專有名詞每個單詞首字母大寫名詞專有名詞acityBeijing,Shanghai,NewYork,TokyonamesDr.Brown,Mr.Nelson,MichaelJamestimeMonday,Tuesday,March,AugustlanguagesChinese,English,Japanese,Korean月份與星期的名稱Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期日January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月人名的書寫方法外國人名Michael名James姓中國人名XiHuang/HuangXi QiongjiaoPeng/PengQiongjiaoYiSima/SimaYi動名詞與動作的名詞形式：重要考點read動詞—reading名詞write動詞—writing名詞learn動詞—learning名詞collect動詞—collection名詞（盡量先填collection，而不是collecting）注意：如果某個動詞有專屬的名詞形式，則避免使用動名詞。冠詞：對名詞進行限制不定冠詞a/an 定冠詞the 零冠詞/注意：單數(shù)名詞禁止裸奔，必須加限制詞限制詞的種類1.冠詞atable/thetable2.指向形容詞thistable/thattable/thesetables3.歸屬形容詞mytable/yourtable/histable4.數(shù)量詞onetable/twotables5.冠詞+形容詞aredtable/awoodentable注意：復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可以使用the，不適用a/an，不一定需要限制詞(the)money/somemoney/alotofmoney/muchmoney/littlemoneyMoneyisgreat.不定冠詞a/an 不確定某一個general概括性的Iwanttoseeamoviethisweekend.元音音素前使用an，輔音音素前使用a.特別：auniversity/ju:/ auniquepersonanumbrella anuncleanhour anhonestboyahalf元音/元音字母：a,e,i,o,u,h定冠詞the 確定這個/那個 specific具體Iwanttoseethemoviethisweekend.aman某一個人（不知道是誰，任何一個人）theman這個人/那個人（很明確的，唯一）答案練習一：找出句子里的名詞（括號內(nèi)的數(shù)字是句子中名詞數(shù)量的提示）Whatisyourfavoritefood?(1)Thisisanexcellentquestion.(1)Myfavoritefoodforbreakfastisasandwichwitheggs.(4)Myfavoritefoodforlunchissalad.(3)Myfavoritefoodfordinnerischickenwithlemonsandredpeppers.(5)Myfavoritefoodfordesertischocolate.(3)Chocolateisthebestfood.(2)Ieatchocolateeveryday.(2)練習二：名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則變化1.在詞尾直接+sshop —shops desk —deskscomputer— computers school—schools face —faces house—houses以s、x、ch、sh結尾的詞，在詞尾加esbus —buseswatch—watchesbox —boxesbrush—brushes以o結尾的詞，有生命的加es，無生命的加stomato—tomatoeshero —heroesradio—radioszoo —zoospotato—potatoesNergo—Nergosphoto—photospiano—pianos以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，y變i加esbaby—babiescity —citiesfactory—factoriesstory—stories以f或fe結尾的詞，f變v加esthief—thieveswolf—wolvesself —selveswife—wiveslife—livesshelf —shelvesleaf —leaveshalf —halvesknife—knives直接+sroof—roofsproof—proofshandkerchief—handkerchi