解題技巧高考閱讀理解考綱要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書﹑報﹑雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章,并能從中獲取相關(guān)的信息。1﹑理解主旨和要義2﹑理解文中具體信息3﹑根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4﹑作出簡單判斷和推理5﹑理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6﹑理解作者的意圖﹑觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度閱讀中主旨大意題的題型分類主旨題標(biāo)題類文章主旨段落主旨閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---主旨大意題尋找主題句的方法：（一）識別文體,找主題句

新聞報道導(dǎo)語提攜全文議論文

總--分--總（論點(diǎn)－論據(jù)－結(jié)論）

夾敘夾議文章主題句常在議論中說明文主題句(一般在首段)（出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的解答就是文章主旨，或是出現(xiàn)hereis…）記敘文記敘文六要素(文中一般沒有明顯的題句)

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi--onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance

So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceSample3

Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.Sample4Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.Passage52010重慶A篇

Onemorningmorethanthirtyyearsago,IenteredtheTrackKitchen,arestaurantwhereeveryonefromthehumblest(卑微的)tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast.Inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly,unshavenman,wholookedsomewhatdisheveled.Hewaswearingaworn-outhatandwasalone.IaskedifImightjoinhim.HeagreedquietlyandIsatdowntohavemybreakfast.Wecautiouslybeganaconversationandspokeaboutawiderangofthings.Weneverintroducedourselves.Iwasconcernedthathemighthavenomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordsomethingtoeat.SoasIrosetogobacktothecounterandbuyasecondcupofcoffee,Iasked,“MyIgetyousomething?”“Acoffeewouldbenice.”ThenIboughthimacupofcoffee,Wetalkedmore,andheacceptedanothercupofcoffee,Finally,Irosetoleave,wishedhimwell,andheadedfortheexit.AtthedoorImetoneofmyfriends.Heasked,“HowdidyougettoknowMr.Galbreath?”“Who?”“Themanyouweresittingwith.HeischairmanoftheBoardofChurchillDowns.”Icouldhardlybelieveit.Iwasbuying,offeringafreebreakfast,andfeelingpityforoneoftheworld’srichestandmostpowerfulmen.MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.59.Whatisthemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory?A.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.Itishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.D.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances.尋找主題句的方法:一）識別文體,找主題句

新聞報道導(dǎo)語提攜全文議論文

總--分--總（論點(diǎn)－論據(jù)－結(jié)論）

夾敘夾議文章主題句常在議論中說明文主題句(一般在首段)（出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的解答就是文章主旨，或是出現(xiàn)hereis…）記敘文記敘文六要素(文中一般沒有明顯的題句)尋找主題句的方法(二)有的文章無明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要讀者對每段文章的段意進(jìn)行歸納，在段落大意的基礎(chǔ)上再進(jìn)一步加工概括了。（三）文中出現(xiàn)的連詞（轉(zhuǎn)折but/however…因果so/therefore…或一些常見但在文章中間出現(xiàn)有一定目的的詞（infact,thestudyshowsthat…,forexample,inshort，）,這些詞后面所闡述的往往就是主題句

。

1

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail

Sample2 JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityOfParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer. B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation. D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.

Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.

Passage4ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.

Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomsTVs.67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildrenC.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducation

D.TelevisionandChildren’sLearningHabits

……..尋找主題句的方法(四)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的解答就是文章主旨.(五)關(guān)注高頻詞

(常為名詞)Sample6Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness,happiness,goodness,andself-respect?Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas"honor"helpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Here'sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilent,andprofitfromtheclerk'smistake,wewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneakyexcitement.Laterwemighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.50.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.ImportanceofPeacefulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActions

文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

干擾項范圍過大、過小

。干擾項偷換概念。干擾項正誤并存，某個分句是正確的。解題方法:原文定位法。查讀法：帶著問題尋找答案，把注意力集中在與who,what,when,where問題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)上。細(xì)心！1）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.

A.55B.175C.325D.275

Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.

Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.解釋文章

Passage2

Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……

CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600練習(xí)題解釋第三節(jié)【解析】答案為

D

。

根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計算公式為：(90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案為

C

。

根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D四個答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出C

符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章

同義法

常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。

反義法

如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。

釋義法

對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明。詞義猜測型

情景推斷法、代詞替代法等判斷詞義1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。4.特別注意熟詞新意！做題要領(lǐng)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---詞義猜測型Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”

A.repeatB.reiterated

C.uneducatedD.sick

Passage3:

MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的).

解釋第四節(jié)解釋

這段文字中講到加納這個國家中的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的（educated）和沒有受過教育的

（illiterate）；住在城市的

（urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長的（old）正好是一對對反義詞。因此選C

項。本題答案選C

推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。

以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷型

透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）

既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：

Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---推理判斷型

Passage4

Theconcept(n.觀念)

ofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividual(n.個人)

madesound(adj.健康的)personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent(adj.現(xiàn)在的)

medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegal(adj.法律的)

andmoralboundaries(n.界限)

ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary(adj.久坐的，勞心的)

lifestylewithoutanyexercise.

練習(xí)題解釋P5Q:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabouthealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.

C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.文章解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選D。選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂推測。文章

Passage5

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievement(n.成績)

endsupwithuninspiredstudents.Eisenbergerholds(vi.認(rèn)為).Asan