Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars備課資料Warmingup-Reading了解宇宙科學(xué)、地球生命的起源，了解萬(wàn)有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文學(xué)知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)的興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生探求科學(xué)的熱情。掌握名詞性從句中主語(yǔ)從句的用法。背景導(dǎo)讀創(chuàng)造論(或神造說(shuō)）創(chuàng)造論否認(rèn)一切的事物是自然形成的說(shuō)法。它認(rèn)為哪怕是正在呼吸的空氣，也是需要被創(chuàng)造才得以產(chǎn)生。比如上帝、阿爾修斯。自然發(fā)生說(shuō)又稱(chēng)“自生論”或“無(wú)生源論”，認(rèn)為生物可以隨時(shí)由非生物產(chǎn)生，或者由另一些截然不同的物體產(chǎn)生。如中國(guó)古代所謂“肉腐出蟲(chóng)，魚(yú)枯生蠹”、亞里士多德說(shuō)的“……有些魚(yú)由淤泥及砂礫發(fā)育而成”。中世紀(jì)有人認(rèn)為樹(shù)葉落入水中變成魚(yú)，落在地上則變成鳥(niǎo)等。宇宙生命論(或泛生說(shuō))這一假說(shuō)提倡“一切生命來(lái)自生命”的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為地球上最初的生命來(lái)自宇宙間的其他星球，即“地上生命，天外飛來(lái)”。這一假說(shuō)認(rèn)為，宇宙太空中的“生命胚種”可以隨著隕石或其他途徑跌落在地球表面，即成為最初的生命起點(diǎn)。宇生說(shuō)?這一假說(shuō)認(rèn)為，地球上最早的生命或構(gòu)成生命的有機(jī)物，來(lái)自于其他宇宙星球或星際塵埃。持這種假說(shuō)的學(xué)者認(rèn)為，某些微生物孢子可以附著在星際塵埃顆粒上而落入地球，從而使地球有了初始的生命?；瘜W(xué)起源說(shuō)化學(xué)起源說(shuō)是被廣大學(xué)者普遍接受的生命起源假說(shuō)。這一假說(shuō)認(rèn)為，地球上的生命是在地球溫度逐步下降以后，在極其漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，由非生命物質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)極其復(fù)雜的化學(xué)過(guò)程，一步一步地演變而成的。Readingone語(yǔ)篇解讀：I.FirstreadingReadthepassagecarefullyandanalyzeitsstructure(結(jié)構(gòu)).Writedownthemainideaforeachparagraph.MainideaParagraph1:_______________________theoryabouttheformation（形成）______________Paragraph2:_________________________oftheearthParagraph3:Theimportanceof_________________________________Paragraph4:Thedevelopmentof________________________________Paragraph5:Thearrivalof__________and________________________II.SecondreadingReadthepassagecarefullyandthenchoosethecorrectanswer.Whatmadeitpossibleforlifetobeginanddevelopontheearthaccordingtothepassage?A.HarmfulgasesB.WaterC.CarbondioxideD.OxygenWhichisthecorrectorderofthefollowinganimals'appearanceontheearth?a.fishesA.a-d-c-e-bB.a-d-b-c-eD.c-d-a-e-bWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthedinosaurs?A.Theyproducedtheiryoungbylayingeggs.B.Someofthemwereveryhuge.C.Theyproducedtheiryoungwithintheirbodies.D.Theyoncelivedontheearthformillionsofyears.Whatisthemainproblemtobesolvedforlifetocontinueontheearth?A.FoodB.WaterC.AidsD.GlobalwarmingIII.ThirdreadingPuttherightorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.Usethereadingpassagetohelpyou.()1Insectsandamphibiansappeared.()2Dinosaursappeared.()3Theearthbecameasolidball.()4Smallplantsgrewonthewater.()5Reptilesappeared.()6Plantsbegantogrowondryland.()7Theearthwasacloudofdust.()8Waterappearedontheearth.()9Shellfishandotherfishappeared.()10Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.()11Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.()12Mammalsappeared.IV.Findoutthefollowingphrasesinthepassage.1.以……開(kāi)始2.及時(shí)；終于3.下蛋4.在地球上生存5.恐龍時(shí)代6.產(chǎn)生；分娩7.輪到某人；接著8.阻止；制止9.從……逃脫10.太熱而無(wú)法生存V.AnalyzethesesentencesandtranslatethemintoChinese.①Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.在此句中it作__________,whether引導(dǎo)...that在句中引導(dǎo)________________________.②Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.在此句中it作__________,that引導(dǎo)______________.befundamentalto...是……的基礎(chǔ)①.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetweenandbillionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobewhat在句中引導(dǎo)在句中引導(dǎo)_______________,在句中修飾_______________.settleinto/to…①安頓下來(lái)；②習(xí)慣于（新居）；③適應(yīng)（新工作）②.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.what在句中引導(dǎo)_____________________.that在句中引導(dǎo)_____________________.cooldown①變冷;冷卻下來(lái)②鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)③.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.why在句中引導(dǎo)_____________________.remain________________④.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.第一個(gè)whether在句中引導(dǎo)________________.第二個(gè)whether在句中引導(dǎo)_______________.tocome在句中作____________,表示_________________.3.①However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.that在句中引導(dǎo)_____________,用來(lái)修飾___________inalldirections=ineverydirection向四面八方②Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.which在句中引導(dǎo)_______________,用來(lái)修飾_____________________.it在句中作_______________,todevelop在句中作______________.Readingone拓展提升學(xué)案原文填空:(每空填一個(gè)單詞,請(qǐng)注意正確形式)Finallyaboutmillionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals,now_______handsandfeet,appearedand________alloverthe,________________,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheyarenotlookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyare_______toomuchcarbondioxide_______theatmosphere,__________________heat_______________fromtheearthintospace.________________ofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybecometoohotto____________.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears____________willdependon_______thisproblemcanbesolved.Book3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars導(dǎo)學(xué)案答案Warmingup-Reading課前預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案語(yǔ)篇解讀：I:Paragraph1:AwidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverseParagraph2:TheformationoftheearthParagraph3:TheimportanceofwaterforlifeParagraph4:ThedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearthParagraph5:ThearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearthII:BACDIII.107384961521211IV.1.begin/ime3.layeggs4.existontheearthageofdinosaurs6.givebirthto7.inone’sturn8.prevent…from9.escapefrom…10.toohottoliveonV.1.①形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句②形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)2.