初三英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)之動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)1.構(gòu)成:(1)be:am/is/are(2)do:do/does2.用法:（1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。與often,always,usually,sometimes,onceaweek,everyday等表示頻度的副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。eg:Ioftengotoschoolbybike.(2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。eg:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.(3)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。eg:Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepark.(4)在某些以here,there開頭的句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。eg:Theregoesthebell.3.與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（1）表示頻度的副詞：always,often,usually,sometimes等。(2)onSunday,onMondaymorning,everyday,inthemorning,atnight,everyyear等。(3)onceayear,twiceamonth,threetimesaweek等表示頻率的短語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：1.It＿

twentyhourstogotoGuangzhoubytrain.A.istakingB.aregoingtotakeC.takesD.hastaken2.---WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?---Sheoften＿h(yuǎn)erhomework,butontheeveningofApril12she＿TV.A.does,watchesB.isdoing,watchesC.does,watchedD.isdoing,waswatching3.Idon’tknowifmyuncle＿.Ifhe＿

,Iwillbeveryhappy.A.comes,willcomeB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,comesD.willcome,comesCDc二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)1.構(gòu)成：（1）be:was/were(2)do:did2.用法：（1）表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。eg:1)Igotupatsixthismorning.2)Wevisitedthefactorylastweek.(2)表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.（過(guò)去常常做某事也可用usedtodosth.來(lái)表示)eg:1)WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenswamintheriver2)Heusedtowalkafterdinner.3.與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lastnight,yesterday,lastweek,someyearsago,in1995,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,atthattime等。注意：有一些容易變化錯(cuò)誤的單詞，如：prefer→preferred,fix→fixed,mix→mixed4.練習(xí)：(1)---IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotherailwaystationformyfriend.---Isupposeyou＿toofast.A.driveB.aredrivingC.droveD.weredrivingC(2)Inthe49thWorldTableTennisChampionship,WangLiqin＿

MaLinand＿thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.A.beat,beatB.won,wonC.beat,wonD.won,beat(3)---When＿yourbrother＿back?---Abouthalfanhourago.A.did,comeB.had,comeC.do,comeD.have,come(4)—Excuseme.Youshouldn’tsmokehere.Lookatthesign“NOSMOKINGHERE.”---Sorry,I＿it.A.doesn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.didn’tseeD.hadn’tseenCAC三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：（1）will＋be/do(2)begoingto＋be/do2.用法：（1）will＋be/do的用法

①表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nextSunday,in2008eg:1).TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.2).Willyoubebackintwodays?

②當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I或we時(shí)，問(wèn)句中一般使用shall，表示征求對(duì)方意見。eg:Whereshallwemeettomorrow?

⑵begoingto＋be/do的用法“計(jì)劃、打算做某事”，表示已決定的、很可能發(fā)生的事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。eg:1)--WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?--I’mgoingtolistentomusic.2)Itisreportedthatthereisgoingtobeastormsnowthedayaftertomorrow.注意：在下面幾種情況下只可用will(shall)表示將來(lái)，而不可用begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)。（1）表示有禮貌地詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)。eg:Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?(2)表示意愿時(shí)eg:Wewillhelphimifheasksus.(3)表示單純的將來(lái)，與人的主觀愿望和判斷無(wú)關(guān)時(shí)。eg:Thesunwillriseat6:30tomorrowmorning.

3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種特殊表現(xiàn)形式：

(1)“bedoing”表示將來(lái)常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。eg:1)WeareleavingforLondon.2)Sheisgoingtheretomorrow.

(2)“beabouttodo”和“betodo”結(jié)構(gòu)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。eg:Theyare(about)tohaveameetingafterschool.(3)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況

①表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

eg:We’regoingtoChangchun.Ourplanetakesoffat8:10.

②在含有時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。eg:Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llhaveafootballmatch.4.練習(xí)：（1）--TheTVshowHomeWithKidsissowonderful.Youshouldn’tmissit.--IfIhavetime,I＿it.A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.haveseen(2)Iwanttoknowifthere＿anEnglishspeechcontestnextmonth.Ifourschool＿it,Imustgetreadyforit.A.willbe,holdsB.willbe,willholdC.willhave,hold(3)Thesummervacationwillbeginnextweek.David＿

tostaywithus.A.willbecomingB.comesC.cameD.iscoming

CAD四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：am/is/are＋v-ing2.用法：（1）表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。eg:--Whatareyoudoing?--I’mreadingEnglish.(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。eg:1)Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.2)Weartepickingapplesonafarmthesedays.(3)go,leave,arrive,start,visit，move等動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái).eg:1)I’mgoingtoBeijingthisSunday.2)Thebusiscomingsoon.(4)當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為now,thesedays等時(shí)或當(dāng)句子中含有l(wèi)ook,listen,canyousee,can’tyousee之類的暗示詞時(shí),要使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。但應(yīng)注意下列這些動(dòng)詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的句子中。a.表示感覺的動(dòng)詞。如：see,hear等b.表示喜歡或厭惡的動(dòng)詞。如：like,love等c.表示希望的動(dòng)詞。如：want,wouldlike等d.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：be等e.表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞。如：have等f(wàn).表示思維、知識(shí)或理解能力的動(dòng)詞。如：know,think,forget等3.練習(xí)：（1）Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma＿now.A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps(2)Listen.They＿

withMrWangintheroom.A.chattingB.arechattingC.werechattingD.willchat(3)--Jim,pleasehelpmetakeoutofthetrash.--OK,mom.I＿.A.willcomeB.amcomingC.shallcomeC.wouldcome(4)Hewithus＿toHawaiiforsummervacation.A.aregoingtoB.isgoingtogo

C.isgoingtoD.aregoingtogoABBC五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)be:have/hasbeen(2)do:have/hasdone2.用法：（1）結(jié)果：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響后結(jié)果。eg:1)—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?--Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.2)Ihavelostmypen.3)IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.4)—Haveyoufoundyourlostpen?--No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.注意：already,yet常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。1）already用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過(guò)去分詞之前也可放在句末。2）yet用于疑問(wèn)句，表示“已經(jīng)”，用于否定句，表“還”，常放在句末。(2)持續(xù)：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和for,since連用，表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)多為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。eg:1)Wehavelivedheresince2000.2)IhavelearntEnglishforthreeyears.(3)經(jīng)驗(yàn)：表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷的事情或表示同一動(dòng)作發(fā)生多次，常和never,ever,once,twice,before等連用。eg:1)IhaveneverbeentoEgyptbefore.2)Ithassnowedtwicehere.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示：主語(yǔ)＋have/hasbeen＋adj./n./prep-phraseeg:1)Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.2)Hehasbeenapartymemberforayear.3)Ihavebeeninthisschoolforhalfayear.

(4)幾個(gè)副詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法：

①just“剛剛”，表示動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。eg:HehasjustcomebackfromBeijing.

②ever“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，位于助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。eg:HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?

③never“從來(lái)沒有”，常與before連用，多放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。eg:Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.

④before“以前”，指過(guò)去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總放在句末，不受句型的限制。eg:Ihaven’theardofitbefore.

⑤for＋時(shí)間段,since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)特別注意：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：我離開這所學(xué)校已八年了。誤：I’veleftthisschoolforeightyears.正：I’vebeenawaythisschoolforeightyears.（5）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法

①非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。eg:Thepooroldmanhasdied.(T)Thepooroldmanhasdiedforthreeyears.(F)Thepooroldmanhasbeendeadforthreeyears.但在否定句中，可以與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。eg:Hehasn’tcomehereforseveraldays.

②非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用可采用下述三種方法：1）將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：come→behere,go→bethere,die→bedead,borrow→keep,buy→have,join→bein/bea…member,leave→beaway,begintostudy→study,finish→beover,getup→beup,puton→wear,catchacold→haveacold,wakeup→beawake,fallasleep→beasleep,arrive/get→be,lose→nothave,leave→beawayfrom

2)將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為過(guò)去時(shí)間，并用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。eg:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.

→Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.3)用句型“Itis＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句（從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式）”表示eg:Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.→Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：was/were＋v-ing2.用法：（1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday等連用,或用另一類動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間。

eg:1)—Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?--IwaswatchingTVatthattime.2)HewasreadingwhenIcamein.3)IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyparentswerewatchingTV.(2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常和always等時(shí)間副詞連用，表示過(guò)去頻繁發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，此時(shí)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)帶有一定的感情色彩。eg:Alicewasalwayschanginghermind.(3)注意在含有when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的運(yùn)用：1）主句中的動(dòng)作先于從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，且進(jìn)行的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）。eg:WhentheUFOarrived,IwaswatchingTV.2）從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，且進(jìn)行的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）。

eg:WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet,theaccidenthappened.3)若主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或無(wú)所謂先后時(shí)，主從句可同時(shí)使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，此時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一般由while引導(dǎo)。eg:Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyparentsweredoingthechores.注意：在上述情況下，若動(dòng)詞為表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，一般都應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而不用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。eg:Luckily,whenIwenttoseehim,hewas

athome.3.練習(xí)：（1）Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe＿untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.wascomingD.comes(2)IsawLisainthestreetyesterday,butshedidn’tseeme.She＿