第五章配置RIP和IGRP協(xié)議自治系統(tǒng)100自治系統(tǒng)200IGPs:RIP,IGRPEGPs:BGP自治系統(tǒng)：內(nèi)部和外部的

路由協(xié)議自治系統(tǒng)：使用相同的路由準(zhǔn)則的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的集合IGP在一個(gè)自治系統(tǒng)內(nèi)運(yùn)行。EGP連接不同的自治系統(tǒng)。路由的不可信度IGRP

AdministrativeDistance=100RouterDRouterBRouterARouterCRIP

AdministrativeDistance=120EIneedtosendapackettoNetworkE.BothrouterBandCwillgetitthere.

Whichrouteisbest?路由協(xié)議的分類距離矢量混合路由鏈路狀態(tài)CBADCDBA距離矢量的路由協(xié)議定期將路由表復(fù)制給相鄰的路由器并且進(jìn)行矢量堆加CDBACBADRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableDistance—Howfar

Vector—Inwhichdirection路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達(dá)目標(biāo)地址的最佳路徑ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.0

00S0S1RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E00RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.0

E0S0

00距離矢量—源信息的獲得路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達(dá)目標(biāo)地址的最佳路徑ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011S0S1S1S0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0

1E0S0S0100距離矢量—源信息的獲得距離矢量—源信息的獲得路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達(dá)目標(biāo)地址的最佳路徑ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011S0S1S1S0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S010.1.0.0S012E0S0S0S01200

距離矢量—選擇最佳路徑用于確定最佳路由路徑的參數(shù)信息56T156T1Ticks,hopcountBAHopcountIPXRIPIGRPBandwidthDelayLoadReliabilityMTU距離矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新過程將通過路由器之間一步一步來完成A更新路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的更新距離矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新過程將通過路由器之間一步一步來完成A更新路由表在下一個(gè)周期后路由器A發(fā)送更新過的路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的更新距離矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新過程將通過路由器之間一步一步來完成AB更新路由表更新路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的更新在下一個(gè)周期后路由器A發(fā)送更新過的路由表路由回環(huán)每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)管理著與之相連的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由回環(huán)緩慢的收斂容易造成路由信息的不一致ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00DownRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器C推斷到達(dá)10.4.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最好路徑是通過路由器B路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S11110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器A根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤的信息升級(jí)它的路由表路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTableS0S0S0S01210.3.0.010.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002RoutingTableE0S0S0S01410.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S03110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000無限計(jì)數(shù)10.4.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)將在路由器A,B,和C之間循環(huán)10.4.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)的跳數(shù)將無限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.004RoutingTableE0S0S0S01610.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S05110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：定義最大跳數(shù)指定最大跳數(shù)來防止路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.0016RoutingTableE0S0S0S011610.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S016110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：水平分割不會(huì)接收到由自身傳達(dá)出去的路由信息ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XXXRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000RoutingTableE0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1E11210.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：路由毒殺路由器將該路由信息的跳數(shù)標(biāo)記為無限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00InfinityRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1E11210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：反轉(zhuǎn)毒殺反轉(zhuǎn)毒殺可以超越水平分割A(yù)BC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00InfinityRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1E1Possibly

Down210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000Poison

Reverse解決方法：Hold-Down計(jì)時(shí)路由器在Hold-Down時(shí)間內(nèi)將該條記錄標(biāo)記為possiblydown以使其它路由器能夠重新計(jì)算網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化Network10.4.0.0isdownthenbackupthenbackdownUpdateafterhold-downTimeNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XUpdateafterhold-downTime解決方法：觸發(fā)更新當(dāng)路由表發(fā)生變化時(shí)路由器立即發(fā)送更新信息ABC10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachable10.1.0.0一個(gè)完整的方案DBEAXC10.4.0.0一個(gè)完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddown一個(gè)完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPoisonReversePoisonReversePoisonReversePoisonReverse一個(gè)完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPacketforNetwork10.4.0.0PacketforNetwork10.4.0.0一個(gè)完整的方案DBEACLinkup!10.4.0.0一個(gè)完整的方案DBEACLinkup!10.4.0.0鏈路狀態(tài)協(xié)議傳遞最佳的路徑信息給其它的路由器LSP數(shù)據(jù)包SPF運(yùn)算拓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)最佳路由信息路由表CADB距離矢量和環(huán)狀路由的綜合應(yīng)用混合路由選擇基于距離矢量的路徑Convergerapidlyusing通過傳遞變化的更新信息達(dá)到快速收斂平衡的路由路由器配置選擇路由協(xié)議指定網(wǎng)絡(luò)或端口Network160.89.0.0Network172.30.0.0IGRP,RIPNetwork172.16.0.0RIPRIPIGRPIP路由的配置任務(wù)指定IP路由協(xié)議Router(config)#routerprotocol[keyword]

指定與路由器直接相連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router(config-router)#networknetwork-number動(dòng)態(tài)路由配置19.2kbpsT1T1T1Hop計(jì)算路由器每隔30秒更新最多支持相同hop數(shù)的6條路徑RIP概述激活RIP協(xié)議Router(config)#routerripRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-number選擇所能到達(dá)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)必須是有效的網(wǎng)絡(luò)RIP配置2.3.0.0routerripnetwork172.16.0.0network10.0.0.0RIP配置舉例routerripnetwork10.0.0.02.3.0.0routerripnetwork192.168.1.0network10.0.0.0172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看RIP信息RouterA#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein0secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisRedistributing:ripDefaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversionInterfaceSendRecvKey-chainEthernet0112Serial2112RoutingforNetworks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate10.1.1.212000:00:10Distance:(defaultis120)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看路由表RouterA#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsC172.16.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet010.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsR10.2.2.0[120/1]via10.1.1.2,00:00:07,Serial2C10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2R192.168.1.0/24[120/2]via10.1.1.2,00:00:07,Serial2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugiprip

命令RouterA#debugipripRIPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterA#00:06:24:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:06:24:10.2.2.0in1hops00:06:24:192.168.1.0in2hops00:06:33:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:06:34:network10.0.0.0,metric100:06:34:network192.168.1.0,metric300:06:34:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:06:34:network172.16.0.0,metric1172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0使用IGRP的網(wǎng)絡(luò)較大缺省100hops，最大255hops支持多路徑IGRP介紹IGRP帶寬延遲時(shí)間可靠性負(fù)載最大傳輸單元19.2kbps19.2kbpsIGRP路徑選擇SourceDestination最多六條路徑下一次所要到達(dá)的路由器必須接近目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)在允許的參數(shù)內(nèi)選擇路徑NewRouteInitial

RouteSourceDestinationIGRP的不平衡路徑配置IGRPRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-number指定可以到達(dá)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router(config)#routerigrpautonomous-system指定IGRP為IP路由協(xié)議配置IGRP(續(xù))Router(config-router)#traffic-share

{balanced|min}控制負(fù)載平衡數(shù)據(jù)的分布Router(config-router)#variancemultiplier控制IGRP的負(fù)載平衡routerigrp100network172.16.0.0network10.0.0.0IGRP配置舉例routerigrp100network10.0.0.0routerigrp100network192.168.1.0network10.0.0.0AutonomousSystem=100172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看IGRP信息RouterA#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"igrp100"Sendingupdatesevery90seconds,nextduein21secondsInvalidafter270seconds,holddown280,flushedafter630OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisDefaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdatesDefaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdatesIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0IGRPmaximumhopcount100IGRPmaximummetricvariance1Redistributing:igrp100RoutingforNetworks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate10.1.1.210000:01:01Distance:(defaultis100)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看IP路由表RouterA#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsC172.16.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet010.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsI10.2.2.0[100/90956]via10.1.1.2,00:00:23,Serial2C10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2I192.168.1.0/24[100/91056]via10.1.1.2,00:00:23,Serial2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugipigrptransaction

命令RouterA#debugipigrptransactionsIGRPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterA#00:21:06:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:21:06:network10.0.0.0,metric=8895600:21:06:network192.168.1.0,metric=9105600:21:07:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:21:07:network172.16.0.0,metric=110000:21:16:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:21:16:subnet10.2.2.0,metric90956(neighbor88956)00:21:16:network192.168.1.0,metric91056(neighbor89056)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugipigrpevents

命令RouterA#debugipigrpeventsIGRPeventdebuggingisonRouterA#00:23:44:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:23:44:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,2system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:44:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:200:23:44:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:23:45:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:45:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:100:23:48:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:23:48:IGRP:Updatecontains1interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:48:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0路由信息更新舉例RouterA#debugipigrptrans00:31:15:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceEthernet0,changedstatetodown00:31:15:IGRP:editionisnow300:31:15:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:31:15:network172.16.0.0,metric=429496729500:31:16:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:31:16:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:100:31:16:IGRP:broadcastingrequestonSerial200:31:16:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:31:16:subnet10.2.2.0,metric90956(neighbor88956)00:31:16:network172.16.0.0,metric4294967295(inaccessible)00:31:16:network192.168.1.0,metric91056(neighbor89056)00:31:16:IGRP:Updatecontains1interior,2system,and0exteriorroutes.00:31:16:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:3172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0X路由信息更新舉例RouterB#debugipigrptransIGRPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterB#1d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.2)1d19h:subnet10.2.2.0,metric=889561d19h:network192.168.1.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial3(10.2.2.2)1d19h:subnet10.1.1.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.1onSerial21d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric4294967295(inaccessible)1d19h:IGRP:editionisnow101d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.2)1d19h:subnet10.2.2.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=42949672951d19h:network192.168.1.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial3(10.2.2.2)1d19h:subnet10.1.1.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=4294967295172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0路由信息更新舉例RouterB#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotsetI172.16.0.0/16ispossiblydown,routingvia10.1.1.1,Serial210.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsC10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2C10.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial3I192.168.1.0/24[100/89056]via10.2.2.3,00:00:14,Serial3RouterB#ping172.16.1.1Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto172.16.1.1,timeoutis2seconds:.....Successrateis0percent(0/5)RouterB#172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168