PartFourLanguageStudyENTERLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll

WordStudy

PhrasesandExpressionsWordBuilding

GrammarLanguageStudyContentsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudyWordlist:bandclear-cutcoercecondemn9.manipulate10.reword11.spontaneous12.stifle13.tribute5.confinement6.frivolous7.humane8.incentiveLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy1.band

Thebandplayedwhilewedanced.Abandofstudentsbroughttheirgrievancesbeforethedean.Sheworearedbandinherhair.Thepeoplebandedtogetheragainsttherobbers.Translation樂隊一群帶子結(jié)合在一起Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy2.clear-cut a.a.

definiteandeasytounderstand,recognize,ormakeadecisionabout

b.havingadefiniteoutershape

Examples:Thesituationwasnotasclear-cutashe’dhaveliked.theclear-cutoutlineofthemountainsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordSodoingsth.Example:Therebelscoercedthevillagersintohidingthemfromthearmy.WordformationLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlln.coerciona.coerciveCompelforcesynonymsWordStudy

4.condemn v.

a.tosaypubliclythatyouthinksb.orsth.isbadorwrong

b.togivesb.aseverepunishment

c.toforcetoliveinanunpleasantwayortodosth.unpleasantExamples:Politicianshavecondemnedtheattacks.Theprisonerwascondemnedtodeath.Alargeproportionofsuchchildrenarecondemnedtofail.wordformationTranslation譴責(zé)懲罰迫使陷于不幸境地Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlln.condemnationWordStudy n.theactofputtingsb.inaroom,prisonetc.orthestateofbeingthereconfine

v.

a.

tokeepwithinbounds

b.tokeepsb.inaplace

c.tostopspreadingExamples:Ishallattempttoconfinethediscussiontobroadprinciples.Illhealthkepthimconfinedtohisroom.Theyconfinedthefiretotheengineroom.5.confinementLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy6.frivolous a.

a.notserious,especiallyinawaythatisnotsuitableforaparticularoccasion

b.afrivolouspersonlikeshavingfunratherthandoingseriousorsensiblethingsExamples:Thecourtdiscouragesfrivolouslawsuits.Shehasafrivolousnatureandwon'ttakeanythingseriously.wordformationTranslation不嚴(yán)肅的， 草率的2.輕浮的Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlln.frivolityad.frivolouslyWordStudya.

characterizedbykindness,mercy,orcompassionExample:Theywritelettersdemandinghumanetreatmentofprisoners.Morewords:7.humanehumanismhumanitarianhumanitytheHumanities人道主義，人文主義博愛的，人道主義的人類，仁慈人文學(xué)科Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy8.incentive n.sth.thatencouragesyoutoworkharder,startnewactivitiesetc.Examples:Withpricessolow,thereisnoincentiveforthefarmers.Wewanttogivepeopleincentivestousepublictransport.(incentivetodosth.)Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy9.manipulate v.

a.toinfluencesb.orcontrolsth.inacleverordishonestway

b.toskillfullyhandle,controlorusesth.Examples:Hemanipulatedpublicopinioninhisfavor.Shemanipulatedthelightstogetjusttheeffectshewanted.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy10.reword v.tosayorwritesth.againindifferentwordsinordertomakeiteasiertounderstandormoresuitable

Example:Ifwerewordthetelegramwecansaveone-thirdofthecost.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy11.spontaneous a.happeninginanaturalwaywithoutbeingplannedorthoughtaboutExample:Hewassuddenlyfilledwithtearsofspontaneousemotion.WordformationLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllad.spontaneouslyn.spontaneousnessWordStudy12.stifle v.a.tofeelormake(sb.)unabletobreathebecauseoflackoffreshair

b.tosuppresssth.,torestrainExamples:Wewerestifling

inthathotroomwithallthewindowsclosed.CriticshaveaccusedtheUSoftryingtostifledebate.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy13.tribute n.sth.yousay,doorbuildtoshowthatyourespectandadmiresb.Examples:Theyshowedtheprogramasatributetothetwomen.I’dliketopaytributetothepartyworkersforalltheirhardwork.Thisyear’ssuccessisatributetoallyourhardwork.TheendofWordStudy.Translation頌揚公開贊揚證明，標(biāo)志Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllList:astoattachtobranchoutbuildintogetacross6.getinthewayof7.inproportionto8.thelion’sshare9.regardlessof10.runinto11.striveforPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll(formal)concerningsb.orsth.Examples:Idon'tknowanythingastotheothers.Thereissomedoubtastowhethertheinformationistotallyaccurate.1.astoPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll

tobeconnectedwithsb./sth.Examples:Pleaseattachtheropetoabranchofthetree.Therewillbeconsiderableprestigeattachedtohisnewposition.Thehospitalisattachedtothatuniversity.2.attachtosb./sth.PhrasesandExpressionsRelatedexpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllTobecontinuedonthenextpage.PhrasesandExpressionsattachimportance/significance/valuetosth.

tothinkthatsth.isimportantortrueBothherparentsattachgreatimportancetoeducation.attachalabeltosb.

tothinkofsb.ashavingaparticularnatureSheisawritertowhomthelabel“feminist”isoftenattached.attachoneselfto

tospendtimewithsb.orbecomepartofagroupTheysoonattachedthemselvestoagroupofwomendiscussingthenextday’sactivities.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllPhrasesandExpressions3.branchout

tostartdoingsth.newordifferentExamples:Inthelongerterm,thecompanywantstobranchoutintoprovidinginvestmentadvice.Hewantedtoleavethecompanyandbranchoutonhisown.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllPhrasesandExpressions

toconstructorincludeasanintegralpartofsth.Examples:Thecostofhiringequipmentshouldbebuiltintoyourcalculations.Theyhadbuiltinawardrobewithmirroreddoors.build-ina.formingapartofsth.thatcannotbeseparatedfromit. abuild-inmicrophone/build-inbehaviors4.buildinto/buildinLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll

tomakepeopleunderstandsth.Examples:HesometimeshastroublegettinghismeaningacrossinEnglish.Whatmessageareyoutryingtogetacrosstotheconsumer?(getsth.acrosstosb.)IwastryingtogetacrosshowmuchIadmiredhim.(getacross+how/what)5.getacrossPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll topreventsth.fromhappeningExample:Ineverletunimportantdetailsgetinthewayofagoodplan.6.getinthewayofsth.PhrasesandExpressionsRelatedexpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllTobecontinuedonthenextpage.get/beinthe/sb’swayYouwillgetinthewayifyoustayinthekitchen.CanImovethebooks?Theyareinmyway.notstand/getinsb’swayIwon’t

standinyourwayifyouaredetermined.be/get/keepoutofthe/sb’swayMakesurethekidskeepoutofthewaywhileIamworking.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllrelativetoExamples:Childrentendtohaverelativelylargerheadsthanadultsinproportiontotherestoftheirbody.Paymentwillbeinproportiontotheworkdone,nottothetimespentdoingit.Thepunishmentwasoutofallproportiontothecrime.7.inproportiontoPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll

thelargestpartofsth.Examples:Thelion’sshareofhismoneywenttohisgrandchildren.8.thelion’ssharePhrasesandExpressions”lion”phrasesLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllTobecontinuedonthenextpage.PhrasesandExpressionslionheartedlion-hunterlioninthewayinthelion’sdenbethrown/tossed

tothelionsmakealionofsb.Alionathome,

amouseabroad.大膽的，勇猛的巴結(jié)社會名流的人攔路虎，可怕的障礙身處險境被置于危險境地使某人紅極一時在家象獅子， 出外象老鼠。Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll withoutbeingaffectedorinfluencedbysth.Examples:Theremustbeequalityofrightsforallcitizens,regardlessofnationality.Thebuildingworkwillproceedregardlessofwhetherthereisanagreement.(regardlessof+how/what/whyetc.)9.regardlessofPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll

a.

tomeetsb.whenyoudidnotexpect b.tohitsb.orsth.byaccidentwhileyouaredrivingExamples:GuesswhoIranintothismorning?Atruckranintome(hitmycar)thismorning.runintomillions/hundreds/thousandsetc.

toreachaparticularamountrunintotrouble/difficulty/problemsetc. tostarttohavetrouble/difficultyetc.10.runintoPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll

tomakealotofeffortstoachievesth.Examples:Moreandmorewomenarestrivingformorefreedom.Westrivetobeaccurate,butsomemistakesareinevitable.11.striveforPhrasesandExpressionsTheendofPhrasesandExpressions.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordBuildingList:

prefix—counter

prefix—down

prefix—non

conversionLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordBuildingcounterforce(10)counter-:theoppositeofsth.matchingsth.counterattackcounterrevolutioncountermeasurecounteractcounterculturecounterpart反攻，反擊反革命對策對抗，抵消反文化對應(yīng)的人或物L(fēng)esson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlldowntrodden(5)WordBuildingdown-:atortowardsthebottomorlowerpartofsth.

downgradedownstairsdownhearteddownsize

downmarket

downriver

貶低，輕視

在樓下，往樓下沮喪的裁員(商品、服務(wù))低檔的順流地Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll

noncooperationnonaggression

noninterventionnonsticknonfictionnonstopnonalignednon-essentialWordBuildingnon-:not

不合作

互不侵犯不干涉(鍋)不粘的非小說類作品不停的不結(jié)盟的Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllhandoutsetuptakeoffcomebackbreakthroughcutbackcheckupshutdownwalkoutsit-inconversion(轉(zhuǎn)化)Wordbuilding傳單機(jī)構(gòu)

起飛

恢復(fù)突破縮減審查關(guān)閉罷工靜坐TheendofWordBuilding.動態(tài)動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllGrammarNounclause

Nounclausecanbeclassifiedassubjectiveclause,predictiveclause,objectiveclauseandappositiveclause.Nounclausesareintroducedbyawh-word,what+nounphrase,how+adj./adv.andtheconjunctionthat,whether,if.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllThatwehaveoftenbeenwrongedandseekrevengeismuch