ScienceFictionUnit1

PeriodThree

Grammar—Reviewofthepassivevoice達(dá)標(biāo)檢測當(dāng)堂檢測基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練語法導(dǎo)學(xué)感悟規(guī)律重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)剖析內(nèi)容索引感知以下課文原句，補(bǔ)全方框下的小題1.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife，Claire.2.Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.3.Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman.4.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops...語法感知語法導(dǎo)學(xué)感悟規(guī)律重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)剖析1.以上句子中都使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句1為

的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；句3為

的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；句4為

的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2.句2為不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，tobeharmed作allow的

。過去將來時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)賓語補(bǔ)足語一、語態(tài)概述英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示句子主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示句子主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是“be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。一般來講，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。有時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者用by短語表示出來。語法精析二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法下面幾種情況一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.不知道或沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Themeetinghasbeenputoffforsomereason.會(huì)議已因故被推遲了。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語表示出來。Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupbyanexpertintheschool.學(xué)校的一位專家開辦了一個(gè)幫助閱讀困難者的特別班。3.出于禮貌避免說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Everyoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。三、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)項(xiàng)目一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedone無shall/willhavebeendone1.Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.邀請您去我們學(xué)校作一個(gè)演講。2.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyparentsasagiftlastweek.上星期父母給我買了一輛新自行車作為禮物。3.Itissaidthatthemeetingwillbeheldat8∶00a.m.tomorrow.據(jù)說會(huì)議將于明天上午8點(diǎn)舉行。4.Hewasbeingpunishedforbeinglatebytheheadteacher.他因遲到而正受到班主任的懲罰。5.Thelifeofthemiludeerisbeingstudiedbyspecialistsatpresent.目前專家正在研究麋鹿的生活。6.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.這本書自1973年上市以來已被譯成30種語言。7.Theyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan.在執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃之前，他們已經(jīng)被警告過多次了。8.Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個(gè)月末，這項(xiàng)工作將要被完成。四、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的特殊情況1.否定詞not的位置：在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor’sdegree.聽到不會(huì)獲得博士學(xué)位，他沮喪到了極點(diǎn)。2.主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，而將賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(dòng)(這時(shí)的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我們看見他坐在那兒，什么也沒做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話令我作嘔。[名師點(diǎn)津]在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，make，hear，see等詞后接不定式時(shí)要省略to，但轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則不能省略to。3.帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞作謂語的主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可將表示物的(直接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，用for或to引出表示人的(間接)賓語，或?qū)⒈硎救说?間接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I’mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在給我講一個(gè)有趣的故事。4.動(dòng)詞短語在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是不可分割的，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人經(jīng)常被人嘲笑。5.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)連系動(dòng)詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove等)后接表語時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thefoodtastesdelicious.這種食物嘗起來美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在會(huì)上說的話聽起來令人備受鼓舞。(2)當(dāng)wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物動(dòng)詞后加副詞(easily，well等)時(shí)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandlastslong.這種布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父親給我的作為生日禮物的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Hishairneedscutting.→Hishairneedstobecut.他的頭發(fā)需要剪了。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Thenovelisworth

readingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.這部小說值得再讀一次。五、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“to＋be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式只有一般式和完成式。Iamveryhappytobethuspraised.受到如此褒獎(jiǎng)我非常高興。Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokeninto.似乎有人闖進(jìn)過這間房子。Theboywaspleasedtobetakentothezoo.男孩很高興被帶去動(dòng)物園。Thejewelseemedtohavebeenstolenbysomeone.珠寶似乎被某人偷走了。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況(1)動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與句中另一名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)。Thepooroldmanonlyhasaverysmallroomtolivein.那位可憐的老人只有一間很小的房間住。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式跟在性質(zhì)形容詞后，與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。Itissaidthattheseapplesaregoodtoeat.據(jù)說這些蘋果很好吃。(3)某些動(dòng)詞(如blame，let等)的不定式用在be后作表語時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thepolicethoughtthatthecarelessdriverwastoblamefortheaccident.警察認(rèn)為事故應(yīng)歸咎于粗心的司機(jī)。(4)動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用時(shí)。Withsomanybooksonhand，Tomhadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst.手頭有那么多的書，湯姆不知道應(yīng)該先讀哪一本。返回Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài))達(dá)標(biāo)檢測當(dāng)堂檢測基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練1.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.→_____________________________________2.HehasreadmanyarticlesbyLuXun.→___________________________________________3.Shewillfinishthetaskinadayortwo.→__________________________________________4.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishthetaskinadayortwo.→________________________________________________Manytreesareplantedbyhimeveryyear.ManyarticlesbyLuXunhavebeenreadbyhim.Thetaskwillbefinishedbyherinadayortwo.Shesaidthatthetaskwouldbefinishedinadayortwo.5.TheywerecleaningtheclassroomwhenIwasthere.→_____________________________________________6.Thenewcoupleboughtthefurnituretheotherday.→___________________________________________________7.Theexpertsarediscussingtheproblematthemeeting.→_____________________________________________________8.Hehadlefthiskeysbeforehecametomyplace.→__________________________________________________TheclassroomwasbeingcleanedwhenIwasthere.Thefurniturewasboughtbythenewcoupletheotherday.Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbytheexpertsatthemeeting.Hiskeyshadbeenleftbyhimbeforehecametomyplace.Ⅱ.語法填空

InAlaska，thewolfalmost9.

(disappear)afewyearsago，becausehunters10.

(kill)hundredsofthemforsport.However，laws11.

(establish)toprotectthewolvesfromsportsmenandpeoplewhocaughttheanimalsfortheirfur.Sothewolfpopulationhasgreatlyincreased.Nowtherearesomanywolvesthatthey12.

(destroy)theirownfoodsupply.disappearedkilledwereestablishedaredestroyingAwolfnaturallyeatsanimalsinthedeerfamily.Peopleinthewildernessalsohuntdeerforfood.Manyoftheanimals13.

(destroy)bytheverycoldwintersrecentlyandbychangesinthewildernessplantlife.Whenthedeercan’tfindenoughfood，they14.