全新版大學英語綜合教程1全套課件UNIT1GrowingUpBR_mainEnglishSong—BeautifulBoySpaghettiTheAmericanEducationalSystemBR_EnglishSongEnglishSong—BeautifulBoyJohnLennonBeautifulBoyQuestionsabouttheSongandtheTexts1.ABriefIntroductiontoJohnLennon2.QuestionsaboutJohnLennon3.ChronologyofJohnLennonBR_SpaghettiSpaghettiDefinitionListenandPracticedelTheAmericanEducationalSystemTheU.S.GradeSchoolSystemBR_BriefIntroductiontoJohnLennon1JohnLennon(1940~1980)wasanEnglishrockmusicianandcofounderofTheBeatles,themostlaudedandinfluentialrockgroupofalltime.ABriefIntroductiontoJohnLennonBR_BriefIntroductiontoJohnLennon2BR_QuestionsaboutJohnLennonQuestionsaboutJohnLennon1.WhowasJohnLennon?2.Whichcountrywashefrom?3.Whatwashisprofession?4.Doyouknowanysongsbyhim?5.CanyoutellusanythingaboutLennon?October9,1940BornJohnWinstonLennon,in,England.September1957EnrolledatLiverpoolCollegeofArt.August23,1962Marriedcollegegirlfriend(divorced1968).February19,1963PleasePleaseMereachedNumberOneintheU.K.charts.February12,1964

startedtheirfirstU.S.tour.BR_ChronologyofJohnLennon1ChronologyofJohnLennon—————Liverpool

CynthiaPowellTheBeatlesJune15,1965TheBeatlesreceived(MemberoftheOrderoftheBritishEmpire)fromQueenElizabethII.March14,1969Married.November25,1969LennonreturnedhisMBEinpeaceprotest.December8,1980

ShotdeadoutsidehisapartmentintheDakotabuildinginNewYorkCity.Thekillerwasacrazedfan,,whohadrecentlyobtainedLennon’sautograph(親筆簽名).

BR_ChronologyofJohnLennon2————MBEsYokoOnoChapmanMarkBR_Liverpool_picLiverpoolBR_CynthiaPowell_picCynthiaPowellBR_TheBeatles_picTheBeatlesBR_MBE_picMBEBR_Yoko_picYokoBR_MarkChapman_picMarkChapmanBR_BeautifulBoy_picBeautifulBoyBR_QuestionsabouttheSongandtheTextsQuestionsabouttheSongandtheTexts1.Inyouropinion,whatisthesongBeautifulBoygoingtotellus?2.WhatdoesLennonthinkofgrowingup?Isiteasyorfullofadventures?3.Canyouguesswhatthetextsinthisunitaregoingtobeabout?BR_DefinitionDefinitionSpaghettiistheItalian-stylethinnoodle,cookedbyboilingandservedwithsauce.UnlikesomeChinesenoodles,itisnotservedinsoupandwillnevertastepulpy(軟乎乎、沒有嚼勁的).BR_ListenandPracticeListenandPractice

Readthewordsgivenbelowandthenlistentothepassage.Afterlisteningtothepassage,onestudentisrequiredtocomeupandshowtherightwayofeatingspaghettibeforetheclass.poke

戳scoop

挖prong

尖頭remainder

剩余物

twirl

快速轉(zhuǎn)動BR_TheRightWayofEatingSpaghetti1TheRightWayofEatingSpaghetti1.Holdtheforkinyourhandasiftopokethespaghetti.2.Scoopupasmallamountofspaghettionyourforkandraiseitabout30cmaboveyourplate.3.Makesurethespaghettionyourforkiscompletelydisconnectedfromtheremainderonyourplate.4.Puttheprongsoftheforkatanedgeoftheplatethatisfreeoffood.5.Quicklypointtheprongsoftheforkstraightdowntowardtheplateandplacethepointsontheplate.6.Twirltheforktogatherthespaghettiaroundtheprongs.BR_TheRightWayofEatingSpaghetti27.Withaquickscoopingmovement,gatheruptherollaroundtheprongsandplaceitinyourmouth.8.Gentlygatherupanystrayspaghettiendsthatdon’tmakeitallthewayintoyourmouth.BR_TheU.S.GradeSchoolSystemTheAmericanEducationalSystem

IntheUnitedStates,educationistheresponsibilityofindividualstates,notofthefederalgovernment,sorequirementsmayvaryfromonestatetoanother.Thefollowingisageneralization:kindergarten:under5yearsoldjuniorhigh/middleschool(grades7~8):12~13yearsoldelementary/primaryschool(grades1~6):6~11yearsoldsenior/highschool(grades9~12):14~17yearsoldcollege,institute,academy

(學院),universityBR_GradeSchoolSystem_picBR_GradeSchoolSystem_picBR_GradeSchoolSystem_picBR_GradeSchoolSystem_picBR_GradeSchoolSystem_picGR_mainScanningPartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstandingGR_FurtherUnderstandingForPart1TrueorFalseForPart2MultipleChoiceForPart3QuestionsandAnswersFurtherUnderstandingGR_Scanning1ScanningScanTextAandfindoutallthetimewords,phrasesandclauses.sincemychildhoodinBelleville(Para.1)untilmythirdyearinhighschool(Para.1)untilthen(Para.1)whenourclasswasassignedtoMr.Fleagleforthird-yearEnglish(Para.2)lateintheyear(Para.3)untilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue(Para.3)whenIfinished(Para.6)nextmorning(Para.6)twodayspassed(Para.6)whenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdesk...(Para.6)whenMr.Fleaglefinished(Para.9)GR_Scanning2GR_PartDivisionoftheText1PartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~223~5BakerwasboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses,includinghisnewEnglishteacher.Bakerfoundhimselfattractedbyoneparticulartopicandwroteaboutitforhisownenjoyment.GR_PartDivisionoftheText2PartsPara(s)MainIdeas36~9TheexperienceofwritingtheessayhelpedBakerdiscoverhistalentforwritingandrealizewhathewishedtodoinlife.GR_TrueorFalse1TrueorFalse1.Bakerhadneverthoughtofbecomingawriteruntilhewasintheeleventhgrade.FAsachildinBelleville,hehadthoughtofbecomingawriterfromtimetotime.(

)2.Teachersfounditpainfultoreadstudents’longandlifelessessays.T(

)GR_TrueorFalse23.BeforeMr.FleaglebecametheEnglishteacherforBaker’sclass,theEnglishcoursehadbeeninteresting.FFromthewords“anothercheerlessyear”wecanseetheEnglishcoursehadbeenquiteboring.(

)4.InBaker’sopinion,Mr.Fleaglewasreallyaformal,rigidandout-of-dateteacheronlybecauseofFleagle’smannerofspeaking.FBesidesthemannerofspeaking,Fleagle’sappearanceanddressalsoshowedthathewasadullandrigidteacher.(

)GR_MultipleChoice11.Atfirst,BakerthoughtMr.Fleagle’sEnglishcoursewas___________.Choosethebestanswertocompletethesentence.A.interestingB.dullC.hopefulD.attractiveMultipleChoiceGR_MultipleChoice1A1.Atfirst,BakerthoughtMr.Fleagle’sEnglishcoursewas___________.Choosethebestanswertocompletethesentence.MultipleChoiceAA.interestingB.dullC.hopefulD.attractiveGR_MultipleChoice1B1.Atfirst,BakerthoughtMr.Fleagle’sEnglishcoursewas___________.Choosethebestanswertocompletethesentence.MultipleChoiceA.interestingB.dullC.hopefulD.attractiveBGR_MultipleChoice1C1.Atfirst,BakerthoughtMr.Fleagle’sEnglishcoursewas___________.Choosethebestanswertocompletethesentence.MultipleChoiceA.interestingB.dullC.hopefulD.attractiveCGR_MultipleChoice1D1.Atfirst,BakerthoughtMr.Fleagle’sEnglishcoursewas___________.Choosethebestanswertocompletethesentence.MultipleChoiceA.interestingB.dullC.hopefulD.attractiveDGR_MultipleChoice22.InBaker’sopinion,thetitleofthecomposition“WhatIDidonMySummerVacation”was_________.A.dullB.unfruitfulC.difficultD.foolishanddullGR_MultipleChoice2A2.InBaker’sopinion,thetitleofthecomposition“WhatIDidonMySummerVacation”was_________.AA.dullB.unfruitfulC.difficultD.foolishanddullGR_MultipleChoice2B2.InBaker’sopinion,thetitleofthecomposition“WhatIDidonMySummerVacation”was_________.BA.dullB.unfruitfulC.difficultD.foolishanddullGR_MultipleChoice2C2.InBaker’sopinion,thetitleofthecomposition“WhatIDidonMySummerVacation”was_________.CA.dullB.unfruitfulC.difficultD.foolishanddullGR_MultipleChoice2D2.InBaker’sopinion,thetitleofthecomposition“WhatIDidonMySummerVacation”was_________.DA.dullB.unfruitfulC.difficultD.foolishanddullGR_MultipleChoice33.Bakerlikedtowriteacompositionwiththetitle“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti”because__________.A.neitherBakernorDorishadevereatenspaghettibeforeB.BakerandDorisarguedaboutitatasupperC.spaghettiwasfromItalyandquitenewthenD.itremindedhimofthepleasureofthateveningGR_MultipleChoice3A3.Bakerlikedtowriteacompositionwiththetitle“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti”because__________.A.neitherBakernorDorishadevereatenspaghettibeforeB.BakerandDorisarguedaboutitatasupperC.spaghettiwasfromItalyandquitenewthenD.itremindedhimofthepleasureofthateveningAGR_MultipleChoice3B3.Bakerlikedtowriteacompositionwiththetitle“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti”because__________.A.neitherBakernorDorishadevereatenspaghettibeforeB.BakerandDorisarguedaboutitatasupperC.spaghettiwasfromItalyandquitenewthenD.itremindedhimofthepleasureofthateveningBGR_MultipleChoice3C3.Bakerlikedtowriteacompositionwiththetitle“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti”because__________.A.neitherBakernorDorishadevereatenspaghettibeforeB.BakerandDorisarguedaboutitatasupperC.spaghettiwasfromItalyandquitenewthenD.itremindedhimofthepleasureofthateveningCGR_MultipleChoice3D3.Bakerlikedtowriteacompositionwiththetitle“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti”because__________.A.neitherBakernorDorishadevereatenspaghettibeforeB.BakerandDorisarguedaboutitatasupperC.spaghettiwasfromItalyandquitenewthenD.itremindedhimofthepleasureofthateveningDGR_MultipleChoice44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?_________A.You’llnotwriteagoodcompositionuntilyoulikethetopic.B.WhenBakerwrotetheessay,hethoughthisteacherwouldlikeit.C.Mr.FleaglehadlikedBaker’scompositionsbefore.D.Bakersucceededinwritingtwocompositions.GR_MultipleChoice4A4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?_________A.Youwon’twriteagoodcompositionuntilyoulikethetopic.B.WhenBakerwrotetheessay,hethoughthisteacherwouldlikeit.C.Mr.FleaglehadlikedBaker’scompositionsbefore.D.Bakersucceededinwritingtwocompositions.AGR_MultipleChoice4B4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?_________A.Youwon’twriteagoodcompositionuntilyoulikethetopic.B.WhenBakerwrotetheessay,hethoughthisteacherwouldlikeit.C.Mr.FleaglehadlikedBaker’scompositionsbefore.D.Bakersucceededinwritingtwocompositions.BGR_MultipleChoice4C4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?_________A.Youwon’twriteagoodcompositionuntilyoulikethetopic.B.WhenBakerwrotetheessay,hethoughthisteacherwouldlikeit.C.Mr.FleaglehadlikedBaker’scompositionsbefore.D.Bakersucceededinwritingtwocompositions.CGR_MultipleChoice4D4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?_________A.Youwon’twriteagoodcompositionuntilyoulikethetopic.B.WhenBakerwrotetheessay,hethoughthisteacherwouldlikeit.C.Mr.FleaglehadlikedBaker’scompositionsbefore.D.Bakersucceededinwritingtwocompositions.DGR_QuestionsandAnswersQuestionsandAnswers.5.DoyouthinkBakerwouldwriteanotheressayifhehadenoughtime?Why?WhatwasBakerpreparedforwhenhefoundallthepapershadbeengivenbackbuthis?WhoseessaydidMr.Fleaglereadtotheclass?Howdidtheclassrespond?WhichparagraphinthispartgivesreaderstheimpressionthatBaker’sessaywasverygood?WhydidBakerfeelsodelighted?DR_Text1WritingforMyselfTheideaofbecomingawriterhadcometomeoffandonsincemychildhoodinBelleville,butitwasn’tuntilmythirdyearinhighschoolthatthepossibilitytookhold.UntilthenI’dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.IfoundEnglishgrammardullanddifficult.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.RussellBakerDR_Text2WhenourclasswasassignedtoMr.Fleagleforthird-yearEnglishIanticipated

anothercheerlessyear

inthatmosttediousofsubjects.Mr.Fleaglehadareputationamongstudentsfordullnessandinabilitytoinspire.Hewassaidtobeveryformal,rigidandhopelesslyoutofdate.Tomehelookedtobesixtyorseventyandexcessivelyprim.Heworeprimlysevereeyeglasses,hiswavyhairwasprimlycutandprimlycombed.Heworeprimsuitswithnecktiessetprimlyagainstthecollarbuttonsofhiswhiteshirts.Hehadaprimlypointedjaw,aprimlystraightnose,andaprimmannerofspeakingthatwassocorrect,sogentlemanly,thatheseemedacomicantique.DR_Text3

IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.Lateintheyearwetackledtheinformalessay.Mr.Fleagledistributedahomeworksheetofferingusachoiceoftopics.Nonewasquitesosimple-mindedas“WhatIDidonMySummerVacation,”butmostseemedtobealmostasdull.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.Lyingonthesofa,Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistoutofmynotebook,andscannedit.Thetopiconwhichmyeyestoppedwas“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti.”DR_Text4

Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthesuppertable—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.Spaghettiwasstillalittleknownforeigndishinthosedays.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenoughexperiencetobegoodatit.AllthegoodhumorofUncleAllen’shousereawokeinmymindasIrecalledthelaughingargumentswehadthatnightaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghettifromplatetomouth.DR_Text5SuddenlyIwantedtowriteaboutthat,aboutthewarmthandgoodfeelingofit,butIwantedtoputitdownsimplyformyownjoy,notforMr.Fleagle.ItwasamomentIwantedtorecaptureandholdformyself.Iwantedtorelivethepleasureofthatevening.TowriteitasIwanted,however,wouldviolatealltherulesofformalcompositionI’dlearnedinschool,andMr.Fleaglewouldsurelygiveitafailinggrade.Nevermind.IwouldwritesomethingelseforMr.FleagleafterIhadwrittenthisthingformyself.DR_Text6WhenIfinisheditthenightwashalfgoneandtherewasnotimelefttocomposeaproper,respectableessayforMr.Fleagle.TherewasnochoicenextmorningbuttoturninmytaleoftheBellevillesupper.TwodayspassedbeforeMr.Fleaglereturnedthegradedpapers,andhereturnedeveryone’sbutmine.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.FleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclass’sattention.DR_Text7“Now,boys,”hesaid.“Iwanttoreadyouanessay.Thisistitled,‘TheArtofEatingSpaghetti.’”Andhestartedtoread.Mywords!Hewasreadingmywordsoutloudtotheentireclass.What’smore,theentireclasswaslistening.Listeningattentively.Thensomebodylaughed,thentheentireclasswaslaughing,andnotincontemptandridicule,butwithopen-heartedenjoyment.EvenMr.Fleaglestoppedtwoorthreetimestoholdbackasmallprimsmile.DR_Text8Ididmybesttoavoidshowingpleasure,butwhatIwasfeelingwaspuredelightatthisdemonstrationthatmywordshadthepowertomakepeoplelaugh.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.Itwasthehappiestmomentofmyentireschoolcareer.WhenMr.Fleaglefinishedheputthefinalsealonmyhappinessbysaying,“Nowthat,boys,isanessay,don’tyousee.It’s—don’tyousee—it’softheveryessenceoftheessay,don’tyousee.Congratulations,Mr.Baker.”DR_Sentence1Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?Uptothen,BakerhadhadnointerestinthingsrelatedtoEnglishcourses.UntilthenI’dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.DR_Sentence2Paraphrasethesentence.Ifounditpainfultowritelong,boringessaysasrequiredbyteachers;neitherdidteachersenjoywhatIwrote.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.DR_Sentence3Whatcanwelearnfromthisphrase?WecanknowfromthisphrasethatbeforeMr.FleaglebecameBaker’sEnglishteacher,allEnglishcoursesweredull.anothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjectsDR_Sentence4Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanwhenhesays“I...wasnotdisappointed”?HemeansthathisexpectationwasrightthatMr.Fleagle’slessonsweredull.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.DR_Sentence51.Whatcanweinferfromthesesentences?Bakerwasunwillingtowritehisessay.2.Listphrasestosupportyourinference.didnothinguntil…theessaywasdue;faceduptotheunwelcometask.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.Lyingonthesofa,Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistoutofmynotebook,andscannedit.DR_Sentence6ParaphrasethesentenceandtranslateitintoChinese.1.AtthesightofthetitleIsawanunusualseriesofpicturesinmymind’seye.2.這個題目在我腦海里喚起了一連串不同尋常的圖像。Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.DR_Sentence7Analyzethestructureofthesentence.在這個長句中，camefloodingback是謂語，其余的都是主語。為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕，作者運用了割裂修飾法，把謂語前移，主語中心語的修飾成分后置，使謂語緊接主語。例如：Alisthasbeendrawnupofwordswehavelearnedsofar.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthesuppertable—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.DR_Sentence8WhatistherelationshipbetweenBakerandDoris?Why?DoriswasBaker’ssisterorhisfemalecousin.Tworeasonsforthat:1.Dorisisafemalename;2.Theauthormentioned“noneoftheadults...”,whichshowsthattheywerestillchildren,notadults.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenoughexperiencetobegoodatit.DR_Sentence9.11.Paraphrasethispartofthesentence:Iwasprepared…fordiscipline.IwasreadyforMr.Fleagle’sordertoseehimsoonafterschoolforthepurposeofpunishingme...2.WhydidBakerthinkhewouldbepunished?Becausetohismindthistimehehadviolatedtherulesofformalcomposition.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.FleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclass’sattention.DR_Sentence9.23.What’sthefunctionoftheword“when”inthesentence?Hehadjustdriftedofftosleepwhenthebellrang.IwasabouttoaskafterhiswifewhenIsuddenlyrememberedthattheyweregettingadivorce.Moreexamples:Theword“when”heredoesn’tmean“atorduringthetimethat”(當…時).Instead,itmeans“andthen”(在那時).DR_Sentence10TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.就在十一年級，可謂是最后的時刻，我找到了一件今生想做的事。Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.DR_word_offandonoffandon(oronandoff):fromtimetotime;nowandagain;irregularlyIthasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek.That’swhytheclothesfeeldamp.Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,NurseBettywasabletodozeoffandoninabedsidechair.DR_word_takeholdtakehold:becomeestablishedTheideaofonechildhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.老習慣是很難擺脫的。這就是為什么你要在習慣養(yǎng)成前戒煙。Oldhabitsdiehard.That’swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.DR_word_bore1bore:vt.make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterestThespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewboredbyhisspeech.TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,sohethoughtofawaytomakeotherspaintforhim.DR_word_bore2

Collocation:討厭至極的人/事acrashingbore討厭得要命的家伙afrightfulbore討厭得令人無法忍受的人aninsufferablebore極惹人厭煩的事anutterboreDR_word_associateassociate:vt.joinorconnecttogether;connectorbringinthemind我們總是把埃及與金字塔聯(lián)系起來。Ican’tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalpoliticalessaysshehaswritten.WeoftenassociateEgyptwithpyramids.Jimwishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife.DR_word_turnout1turnout:comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.1)provetobe2)shutoff3)produce;make4)Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.Turnoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.Theplanturnedoutafailure.DR_word_turnout2comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.1)provetobe2)shutoff3)produce;make4)Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.Wearetoturnout100,000,586computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.Theexperimentturnedouttobeasuccess.Crowdsturnedoutfortheprocession.DR_word_anticipate1anticipate:vt.expect(usu.followedbygerundor

that-clause)Thepolicehadanticipatedtroublefromthesoccerfansandwereatthegroundinlargenumbers.他們預測到2012年死于艾滋病的人數(shù)將增加一倍。TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDSwillhavedoubledby2012.該動詞所接的賓語可以是動名詞，不可用不定式代替。N.B.DR_word_anticipate2Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.DR_word_tedioustedious:adj.boringandlastingforalongtimeLaurafoundGeorgetobetediousanddecidednottoseehimanymore.Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.DR_word_inspireinspire:vt.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.MartinLutherKing,Jr.’sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfricanAmericans.Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththewilltoliveon.Collocation:使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情；激發(fā)某人的某種感情inspiresth.insb.(=inspiresb.withsth.)DR_word_rigidrigid:adj.(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrules如果他從前對事情不那么嚴格苛刻的話，他女兒就不會這么年輕就離家出走了。Ifhehadbeenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.FuLeiwassoseverewithhissonthatevenhiswifewouldcry.DR_word_severe1severe:adj.Thewidowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband’sfuneral.1)completelyplain海明威以其樸實的寫作風格而聞名于世。Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.2)stern;strictOnlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.severe

作“嚴厲”解時，可以用來形容人（severefather

嚴厲的父親），人的面貌（severelook

嚴厲的神色），人的態(tài)度（Theteacherisseverewithhisstudents.

教師對學生很嚴厲。）。DR_word_severe23)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-Presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.工廠必須生產(chǎn)出更新更好的產(chǎn)品，才能在激烈的商業(yè)競爭形勢中獲勝。Afactorymustturnoutnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverebusinesscompetition.severe,stern&strictCF:DR_word_severe3stern

與

severe

相近，但用途比較窄，一般用于人的容貌或態(tài)度。例如：asternfather

和

aseverefather

都可以用，但含義稍有不同：aseverefather指對于子女有嚴厲的要求，積極的意義較多；asternfather

則指對子女不含溫情，要他們服從，消極的意味較多。strict

相當于漢語的

“嚴格的”，須先假定有一種客觀的標準（如規(guī)章、紀律、定義、真理等）。例如：CF:Theteacherisstrictwithhisstudents.Thereisastrictregulationagainstsmokingintheauditorium.DR_word_tackletackle:vt.dealwithThequestionsetbytheteacherwassodifficultthatthepupilsdidnotknowhowtotackleit.Toshiba(東芝)recentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsofhousework.DR_word_faceuptofaceupto:bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith(aproblemordifficulty)YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresidencyandresignedonNewYear’sEve.既然你女兒已經(jīng)誕生了，你就要承擔起做父親的責任。Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,you’llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.DR_word_sequence1sequence:n.

connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.連續(xù)的歉收（badharvest）迫使一些非洲國家請求外國援助（foreignaid）。AsequenceofbadharvestsforcedsomeAfricancountriestoaskforforeignaid.TheFalloftheRomanEmpirewaswritteninhistoricalsequence.你的論據(jù)缺乏邏輯順序，因為你的第二點與第一點銜接不上。DR_word_sequence2sequence是指“先后銜接的次序”。這種次序可以是歷史性的，即事態(tài)發(fā)生時的先后次序；也可以是邏輯性的，即論點先后的銜接，相當于漢語的“語無倫次”中的“倫次”。例如：sequence&seriesCF:Ihaveapoormemoryfordatesandoftenmixupthesequenceofevents.我記日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。Yourargumentlackslogicalsequence,foryoursecondpointdoesnotfollowthefirst.DR_word_sequence3series是指“系列”、“組”，可以有先后銜接的次序，也可以沒有，但一系列或一組的東西一定自成一個完整的單位。例如：CF:ProfessorLiwillgiveaseriesoflecturesontheMiddleEastissue.李教授將就中東問題做一系列的講座。Thepostofficehasissuedaseriesofstampscommemoratingthe

OlympicGames.郵政局發(fā)行了一組紀念奧運會的郵票。DR_word_sequence4Collocation：順次，挨次insequence緊接著，一個接著一個inrapidsequence按次序，有條不紊inregularsequence事情的先后順序thesequenceofeventsDR_word_recall1recall:

vt.

bringbacktothemind;remember(usu.followedbynoun/

gerund,orthat-clause)Irecognizethefacebutcan’trecallhername.Idon’trecallevermeetingher.Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.DR_word_recall2recall,remember&remind這三個詞都與“記憶”有關(guān)，前兩個詞有時可通用。recall“想起”，把忘記的東西又想起來了，其動作包含有意識的努力，因此常與can，could等詞連用，強調(diào)一次的回憶。例如：CF:TryasImight,IcouldnotrecallwhereIhadleftthebook.我怎么也想不起來我把書丟在哪里了。IrememberherfacebutIcannotrecallwhereImether.我記得她的臉，但是想不起在什么地方見過她。DR_word_recall3remember“想起”，用處比較廣泛，指事物自然在記憶中出現(xiàn)，不包含努力