ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial

（現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語）

-ing分詞作狀語代替狀語從句可以表示

Task1

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語代替狀語從句時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，注：從句的主語和主句的主語必須一致。即-ing分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語，并表示主動的關(guān)系。

一.-ing分詞短語作時間狀語，代替一個時間狀語從句：注意：1：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與主句的動作一般是同時發(fā)生，有時可由連詞when,while引出。

2：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作就立即發(fā)生時如：

Whenhereadthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.

Whenshesawthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.

Seeing

thosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.

Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.二、-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：

Ashewasill,hecouldn’tcometoschooltoday.

Beingill,hecouldn’tcometoschooltoday.

三、–ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如：

Hisfatherdied,（thus）

leavinghimalotofmoney.

Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.

四、-ing分詞也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.Thoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.

五、-ing分詞作伴隨狀語

Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.

Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.

___________by

theoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.Followed狀語現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞

doing與主語為主動關(guān)系done與主語為被動關(guān)系分詞作狀語

其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致Hearingthebadnews,

theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnewsdoing與主語為主動關(guān)系Givenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentiondone與主語為被動關(guān)系________fromthetopofthebuilding,wesawthehouselikeamatchbox.________fromthetopofthebuilding,thehouselookslikeamatchbox.SeeingSeensee分詞短語做狀語時，前面可以加上連詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的一個狀語部分，分詞和主句之間可用逗號。注意：例如:

誤:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.

正:Hewastoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.或

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.對比練習(xí)1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Hebeentold

3.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.4.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.

A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

CAABbuttheearthwe-ing分詞作狀語代替狀語從句可以表示

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語代替狀語從句時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，注：從句的主語和主句的主語必須一致。即-ing分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語，并表示主動的關(guān)系。

Task2:現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動形式被動形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone

現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)-ing分詞的一般式和完成式：

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

Havingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.

-ing分詞的一般式的動作表示和主句的動作是同時進(jìn)行或者在主句的的動作之后發(fā)生；完成式的動作是先于主句的動作發(fā)生。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgothereyesterday.分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前-ing分詞的被動式-ing分詞的被動式表示與主句的主語（分詞的邏輯主語）的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。根據(jù)-ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，被動式有一般被動式(beingdone)和完成被動式(havingbeendone)。如：

（Havingbeencriticized）

bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.

1.AShehadeatentoomuchforsupper,hecouldn’tgotosleep.2.Thisbookbecomewellknownallovertheworldafterithadbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages.Havingeatentoomuchforsupper,hecouldn’tgotosleep.Havingbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages,thisbookbecomewellknownallovertheworld.Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.

Task3:現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式動詞---ing形式（短語）的否定形式常在其（）加not/never等。前面Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.Aswedidn’tknowhisphonenumber,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Ashedidn’treceiveareply,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.

現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式Notknowinghisphonenumber,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.

Task4

現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞短語做狀語,它邏輯上的主語與句子的主語不一致時,它也有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為:分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動作或情況,表示時間、原因、條件等Astheboyledtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangevillage.Iftheweatherpermits,we’llgoforanoutingtomorrow.leadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangevillage.permitting,we’llgoforanoutingtomorrow.

Practice:TheboyTheweather有些分詞短語可以做獨(dú)立成分，用來解釋整個句子，不受句子主語的限制。常見的分詞短語有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假設(shè)),judgingfrom(從…判斷),talkingof（談到),speakingof（談到）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposing

youlose,whatwillyoudo?Jud