Grammar:過去分詞作表語和狀語1.Thegirlswere________toseesuchanopencountry.Thefarmscoveredaverylargearea,whichwas_________.amazedamazingFillineachblankwiththecorrectformofaverbfromthebox.Findthedifferencebetweeneachpairofsentences,payingattentiontothe-edand–ingforms.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.seefrightenheadamaze感到……令人……姑娘們看到如此廣袤的國家甚為驚訝。這些農場面積之大令人驚訝。textbookP412.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.Doyoufeel___________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frighteningfrightened3._______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.________thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors.SeenSeeing感到……令人……被動主動4._________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.Finally,thecompany--________byitsnewmanager--startedtomakeaprofit.Headingheaded被動主動獨自一人進入荒野令人恐懼。你一個人進入荒野感到恐懼嗎？從山頂往下望，景色令人著迷。我在山頂看風景，被秋天絢爛的色彩深深吸引。往東，你會經(jīng)過加拿大落基山脈。最終，在新經(jīng)理的帶領下，公司開始盈利。

過去分詞可放在連系動詞be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的情緒或狀態(tài)，用作表語的過去分詞大多已形容詞化，比如：married，exhausted，surprised，drunk等。

e.g.Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.

Helookedpuzzled,soIrepeatedthequestion.Hismothergotveryannoyedbecausehecouldn’trecitetheidioms.一、過去分詞作表語1.過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別:

e.g.Thestoreisnowclosed.

(系表結構,強調主語所處的狀態(tài))

Thelibraryisusuallyclosedat8:00p.m.

(被動語態(tài),強調主語所承受的動作)歸納被動語態(tài)表示動作,強調被動關系,絕大多數(shù)被動結構中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語來表示。作

表語

用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。這種結構中的過去分詞前可加quite、very、rather等修飾詞。2．英語中有一些表示心理變化的動詞，它們的v.-ing和v.-ed形式通常起形容詞作用，在句中作表語或定語，其v.-ing形式表示主動意義,即“令人……的”,多用來修飾物;其v.-ed形式表示被動意義,即“感到……的”,多用來修飾人、人的聲音或表情等。常見的這類詞有：種類例詞vt.使……感到……surprise,excite,worry,amaze,puzzle,annoy,bore,satisfy,confuse,interest,embarrass,disappoint,frustrate,frighten,shock,exhaust,depress,amuse,astonish,relax,tire,encourage種類例詞adj.感到……(修飾人)surprised,excited,worried,amazed,puzzled,annoyed,bored,satisfied,confused,interested,embarrassed,disappointed,frustrated,frightened,shocked,exhausted,depressed,amused,astonished,relaxed,tired,encouragedadj.令人……(修飾物)surprising,exciting,worrying,amazing,puzzling,annoying,boring,satisfying,confusing,interesting,embarrassing,disappointing,frustrating,frightening,shocking,exhausting,depressing,amusing,astonishing,relaxing,tiring,encouraging易混易錯點一、不定式、v.-ing形式(動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)、過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別二、動詞的非謂語形式作remain的表語

主語+remain

Sheremainedstanding(=wasstillstanding)thoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.雖然我們三番五次地請她坐下,但她還是站著。Thetrueauthorofthebookremainsunknown(=isstillunknown).這本書真正的作者依然不詳。Muchremainstobedone.許多事仍需去做。Ⅰ.單句填空1.Wetakecareofpatientsofallages.Thereisnotypeofinjury,medicalorsurgicalconditionthatwearenot

equipped

(equip)tocarefor.2.Alifeburdenedwithworkleadsyounowhere,foryouwillgettiredand

bored

(bore)withyourdailyroutinework.Ⅱ.單句改錯1.Feelingtiring,LiHuawenttobedimmediately.

tiring→tired

2.Thecontrastintheirpointsofviewissoextremethatwegrowpuzzlingsometimes.

puzzling→puzzled

3.Butforthelatter,requiringthemtospeakmaybeembarrassedbecausetheyusuallyknownothing.

embarrassed→embarrassing

4.Iwasworryinganddecidedtotakehertothehospital.

worrying→worried

二、過去分詞作狀語過去分詞(短語)作狀語,表示動作發(fā)生的背景或情況,其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。過去分詞(短語)在句中作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等。1.表示時間

過去分詞(短語)作時間狀語,相當于一個時間狀語從句。

e.g.Asked(=Whenhewasasked)whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.表示原因過去分詞(短語)作原因狀語,相當于一個原因狀語從句。

e.g.Scared(=Because/Asshewasscared)ofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.3.表示條件過去分詞(短語)作條件狀語，相當于一個條件狀語從句。e.g.Given

(=Ifweweregiven)moretime,wecoulddoitsubstantiallybetter.4.表示讓步過去分詞(短語)作讓步狀語,相當于一個讓步狀語從句。

e.g.Left(Althoughhewasleft)athome,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.5.表示方式或伴隨過去分詞(短語)作方式或伴隨狀語,可以轉換成一個并列句。

e.g.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,(andhewas)followedbyagroupofstudents.【特別提醒】①過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語要與句子的主語相一致。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishtherobber.(×)Ifcaught,therobberwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)②過去分詞作狀語時，其前面可以帶有相應的連詞，如when，if，unless，once，until，asif，though，although等，表示時間、條件、讓步、方式等。When(itis)heated,watercanbechangedintovapor.加熱時，水可以變成蒸汽。【易混辨析】現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：①過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間是被動關系。Praisedbyhermother,Marywaspleasedalltheday.由于受到母親的表揚，瑪麗一整天都很高興。②現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作是句子主語發(fā)出的，它們之間是主動關系。Feelingataloss,heturnedtohisfriendsforhelp.由于感到不知所措，他向朋友們求助。Ⅰ.單句填空1.Clearlyandthoughtfully

written

(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseekanswersoftheirown.2.

Hosted

(host)byJinanMunicipalPeople'sGovernment,thewinterswimmingracehasbeenheldforsevensuccessiveyears.3.

Compared

(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode,theydon'thavetospendmoneyinrentingahouse.However,therearestillsomedisadvantagestoonlineshopping.Ⅱ.單句改錯1.Seeingfromthetop,thecityisextremelybeautiful.

Seeing→Seen

2.Inaddition,attractingbyinterestingtopics,youarefreetogetinvolvedintheweeklydiscussion.

attracting→attracted

3.Dressinginblack,hewasplayingwithasmartphonewhileeating.

Dressing→Dressed

單句語法填空1.(2019課標全國Ⅲ,閱讀理解D,)Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovided(provide)withtouchscreens.句意:在猴子們的籠子里它們被提供觸摸屏。所填詞與句子主語是被動關系,因此

應該用過去分詞與were一起構成被動語態(tài)。2.(2019課標全國Ⅲ,語法填空,)Wewerefirstgreeted(greet)withthebarkingbyapackofdogs,seventobeexact.句意:首先迎接我們的是一群狗的叫聲,準確地說是七只。所填詞與句子主語是被

動關系,因此用過去分詞與were一起構成被動語態(tài)。3.(2019課標全國Ⅱ,完形填空,)Backhome,Ehlerswastroubled

(trouble)bythatlostdog.句意:回到家里,Ehlers被那只迷路的狗所困擾。根據(jù)句中的介詞by,并結合句意可知,此處需要用過去分詞與was一起構成被動語態(tài)。4.(2019課標全國Ⅲ,語法填空,)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewere

invited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorth

Shoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.句意:在我們?yōu)槠谝恢艿亩毫舻淖詈笠惶?我們被邀請到北岸一個美麗的農場參加

一場星空下的私人音樂會,聽著音樂家的演奏,并遇見有趣的當?shù)厝?。考查過去分

詞。所填詞與句子主語之間是被動關系,因此用過去分詞與were一起構成被動語

態(tài)。5.(2019北京,語法填空A,)Nervouslyfacing(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.句意:緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)時,我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的單詞“Beyourself

(做你自己)”?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句式可知,此處作句子的狀語,要用非謂語

動詞,且與其邏輯主語I之間是主動關系,應用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing。6.(2019課標全國Ⅰ,短文改錯,)Ibecameinterested(interest)inplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.句意:由于一次小事故,我對踢足球產生了興趣?？疾檫^去分詞作表語。此處應填

過去分詞interested與前面的became構成系表結構。7.(2018北京,完形填空改)Whenthecar'sownerandhiscolleaguereturnedtothecar,whichwasitselfworth￡35,000,theywereshocked(shock)tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.句意:當車主和他的同事回到這輛本身價值35,000英鎊的汽車時,他們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)

車旁邊站著兩名警察。此處需要用過去分詞作表語,shocked震驚的。8.(2018天津,閱讀理解B,

)“There'ssomereallygoodstuff(藝術作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused(confuse).句意:“上面有一些非常好的藝術作品?！彼吡讼聛?看上去很困惑。look是系

動詞,此處應填過去分詞confused,意為“感到困惑的”。9.(2018課標全國Ⅲ,語法填空,)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged(challenge).句意:我迅速彎下身子,低下頭,避免直視它的眼睛,這樣它就不會感覺受到了挑

戰(zhàn)?？疾檫^去分詞。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示不直視它的眼睛,它就不會感覺受到

了挑戰(zhàn)。主語he與challenge為邏輯上的被動關系,故用過去分詞challenged。10.(2018江蘇,書面表達,)Forexample,therearehugequantitiesofreferencebooksaboutwhichIam