動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)中考語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（theActiveVoice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（thePassiveVoice）。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.當(dāng)我們不知道或沒(méi)必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)或者強(qiáng)調(diào)突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？键c(diǎn)分布（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（4）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問(wèn)式列表如下：句式句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+（by…）Heisoftenaskedtodothiswork(byhisboss).否定句主語(yǔ)+benot+過(guò)去分詞+（by…）Iamnotinvitedtotheparty(byhim).一般疑問(wèn)句Be+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+（by…）？Areyourclotheswashedbyyourself?特殊疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+（by…）？Whatisthissweatermadeof?考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，不用by＋動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者短語(yǔ)。如：

Such

books

are

written

for

children.

這些書(shū)是為兒童寫的。

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語(yǔ)。

The

cup

was

broken

by

David.

這個(gè)杯子被大衛(wèi)打碎了。

(3)做客觀說(shuō)明時(shí),常采用一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型：It’s

/

was

said

/

believed

/

reported

/

+

that

…據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……如：It’s

reported

that

about

three

hundred

people

were

killed

in

this

earthquake.考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)三中考常見(jiàn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式形式句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)＋am

/

is

/

are

＋過(guò)去分詞Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.一般過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)＋was

/

were

＋過(guò)去分詞ThecarwasmadeinGermanyin2003.一般將來(lái)時(shí)主語(yǔ)＋will

＋be

＋過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)＋begoingto＋be

＋過(guò)去分詞ThesportsmeetingwillbeheldinOctober.Anairportisgoingtobebuilthere.含情態(tài)詞的主語(yǔ)+can/may/must+be+givenTeenagers

should

be

allowed

to

surf

the

Internet.

考點(diǎn)梳理【考點(diǎn)精練】()1.Apopularsport,Ping-pong,________bymanyaroundChina,forfunandexercise. A.areenjoyed B.wasenjoyed C.wereenjoyed D.isenjoyed()2.—DidyougotoLinda’sbirthdayparty,Jill?—No.I_________. A.didn’tinvite B.wasn’tinvited C.amnotinvited D.haven’tinvited()3.—IamafraidthatIcan’tfinishthetasksuccessfully.—Don’tworry.You_______plentyoftimetodoit. A.willbegiven B.give

C.willgiveD.given()4.—HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?—It_________foodeveryday,oritwillbehungry. A.mustgive B.mustbegive C.mustbegiven D.mustbegaveDBCA考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)四使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)）

常見(jiàn)的接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give,teach,pay,tell,buy,show,lend,write,pass等。

通常這種句子可以改為以“人”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和以“物”當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：He

gave

me

a

book.

－I

was

given

a

book

by

him.(以I做主語(yǔ))

－A

book

was

given

to

me

by

him.

(以物book作主語(yǔ))【考點(diǎn)精練】5.He

teaches

us

English.

________________________________(以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ))________________________________(以物作主語(yǔ))WearetaughtEnglish(byhim).Englishistaughttous(byhim).考點(diǎn)梳理（2）英語(yǔ)中有“十大動(dòng)詞”的說(shuō)法，即feel,hear,listen

to,have,make,let(讓、使)

,

lookat,

watch,see,notice，這些詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)必須加to。如：I

saw

him

go

into

the

office

building.

—Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding.【考點(diǎn)精練】6.IheardJohnleavetheroom.

—____________________________________.Johnwasheardtoleavetheroom.考點(diǎn)梳理（3）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：lookafter,lookat,takecareof,putup,takeaway,goover,payattentionto,cutdown,laughat等。如：They

take

good

care

of

my

child.

=Mychildwastakengoodcareof(bythem).

I

turned

off

the

radio.

=Theradiowasturnedoff.【考點(diǎn)精練】7.Sallyworkedoutalltheproblems.________________________________________.8.Youcan’ttakethemagazinesoutofthereadingroom._________________________________________.Theproblemswereworkedout(byher)

Themagazinescan’tbetakenoutofthereadingroom考點(diǎn)梳理（4）有些動(dòng)詞表被動(dòng)意義,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。特別主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有sell,write,wash等。如：Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.這些小說(shuō)不好賣。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布容易洗（5）連系動(dòng)詞如feel,look,smell,taste,sound等用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。如：Thefishtastesgood.(6)不及物動(dòng)詞happen,takeplace沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinDongguaninthelastfewyears.考點(diǎn)梳理()9.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe_____________. A.mustlookafter B.mustbetakencare C.mustbelookedafter D.musttakecareof()10.Amodelship____hissonbyMrMore. A.wasmadefor B.wasmadeto C.madefor D.makesfor()11.Thiskindofsweater_______verysoft. A.isfelt B.feels C.feel D.isfeelingCA【考點(diǎn)精練】B考點(diǎn)梳理()12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmade_____byher. A.cry;tocry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.tocry;cry()13.When________theaccident__________? A.was;happened B.has;happened C.was;happening D.did;happen()14.Thiskindofrecorder_________well. A.hasbeensold B.issold C.sells D.willbesoldAD【考點(diǎn)精練】C考點(diǎn)梳理g.want/need/require+動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：

Thedoorisbroken,itneedsrepairing.=Thedoorisbroken,itneedtoberepaired.

門壞了，需要修理?？键c(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)五記住一些常用詞組:1.被用來(lái)做某事beusedfordoingsth.2.由…制造 bemadeof/from+(原材料)3.在某地制造 bemadein(aplace)4.裝滿 befullof/befilledwithsth.5.被…覆蓋 becoveredwith6.據(jù)說(shuō)… It’ssaidthat…7.被迫做某事 be