句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法Thehumanbodyhasaverycomplexorganization.譯①：人體有一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的構(gòu)造。譯②：人體的構(gòu)造非常復(fù)雜。原主語humanbody轉(zhuǎn)換為定語“人體的”原賓語organization轉(zhuǎn)換成主語“構(gòu)造”原文定語complex轉(zhuǎn)換成謂語“復(fù)雜”句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換所謂句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法，是把句子的某一成分（如主語）譯成另一成分（如賓語等）。在多數(shù)的情況下，詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯必然導(dǎo)致句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)譯，例如：當(dāng)英語的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語的名詞或者副詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞的謂語成分就相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語的主語、賓語或狀語。成分轉(zhuǎn)換的目的是使譯文通順，符合漢語習(xí)慣。例如：Itisbecausetheboundingpropertiesofonepairofelectronsinthedoublebondarenotfullysatisfied.這是由于雙鍵上的一對(duì)電子不具有充分飽和的鍵合性質(zhì)。句中主語：“theboundingproperties”轉(zhuǎn)譯為賓語；句中定語：“onepairofelectrons”轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語；句中表語：“aresatisfied”轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語。主語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothetermsusedinthisspecification.Organiccompoundsarenotsolubleinwaterbecausethereisnotendencyforwatertoseparatetheirmoleculesintoions.Methaneislessthanhalfasheavyawater.Whenacopperplateisputintothesulfuricacidelectrolyte(硫酸電解液),veryfewofitsatomsdissolve.主語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothetermsusedinthisspecification.本說明所用的一些術(shù)語定義如下。（主語----謂語）Organiccompoundsarenotsolubleinwaterbecausethereisnotendencyforwatertoseparatetheirmoleculesintoions.有機(jī)化合物不溶于水，因?yàn)樗疀]有將它們的分子分離成離子的傾向。（主語----賓語）Methaneislessthanhalfasheavyawater.甲烷的密度不到水的一半。（主語----定語）Whenacopperplateisputintothesulfuricacidelectrolyte(硫酸電解液),veryfewofitsatomsdissolve.當(dāng)將銅極片置于硫酸電解液中時(shí)，幾乎沒有銅原子溶解。（主語----狀語）謂語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thus,anacidandabase(堿)reactinaprotontransferreaction.Thepastfewdecadeshavebeencharacterizedbyprodigiousexpansionofheorganic-chemicalindustry.Themeltingpointofalkanesareratherirregularatfirst,buttendtorisesomewhatsteadilyasthemoleculesbecomelarger.謂語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Thus,anacidandabase(堿)reactinaprotontransferreaction.因此，酸和堿的反應(yīng)是一個(gè)質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移的反應(yīng)。（謂語----賓語）Thepastfewdecadeshavebeencharacterizedbyprodigiousexpansionofheorganic-chemicalindustry.過去數(shù)十年的特征是有機(jī)化學(xué)工業(yè)得到了驚人的發(fā)展。（謂語----主語）Themeltingpointofalkanesareratherirregularatfirst,buttendtorisesomewhatsteadilyasthemoleculesbecomelarger.烷烴的熔點(diǎn)起初很不規(guī)則，但隨著分子的增大，則有些穩(wěn)步上升的趨勢(shì)。（謂語----賓語）賓語的轉(zhuǎn)譯TNThashighexplosivepower.Itisassumedthatthereislittleifanyleakagethroughthecondensers.Lightmakesvisionpossible.賓語的轉(zhuǎn)譯TNThashighexplosivepower.(TNT=trinitrotoluene)TNT的爆炸力很大。（賓語----主語）Itisassumedthatthereislittleifanyleakagethroughthecondensers.可以設(shè)想，電容器即使漏電，也是很少的（賓語----主語）Lightmakesvisionpossible.有了光，才能看見東西。（賓語----謂語）表語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace.Inthissensestructureanalysisiscommontomostorganicresearch.表語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace.凡占有空間的都是物質(zhì)。（表語----主語）Inthissensestructureanalysisiscommontomostorganicresearch.從這個(gè)意義上講，結(jié)構(gòu)分析普遍應(yīng)用于大多數(shù)的有機(jī)研究。（表語----謂語）定語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Therearetwogroupsofmetals:puremetalsandtheiralloys.Manyfactorsenterintoequipmentreliability.Automaticmachineshavingmanyadvantagescanonlydothejobstheyhavebeen"told"todo.Benzenecanundergothetypicalsubstitutionreactionsofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonationandFriedel-Craftsreaction.(鹵化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反應(yīng))定語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Therearetwogroupsofmetals:puremetalsandtheiralloys.金屬有兩大類：純金屬及其合金。（定語----主語）Manyfactorsenterintoequipmentreliability.涉及設(shè)備可靠性的因素很多。（定語----謂語）Automaticmachineshavingmanyadvantagescanonlydothejobstheyhavebeen"told"todo.自動(dòng)化機(jī)器雖然有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它們只能干人們“吩咐”它們要干的事情。（定語----謂語）Benzenecanundergothetypicalsubstitutionreactionsofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonationandFriedel-Craftsreaction.苯可以進(jìn)行典型的取代反應(yīng)，如鹵化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反應(yīng)。（定語----同位語）狀語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Whenoxidesofnitrogenareabsorbedinwatertogivenitricacid,achemicalreactionoccurs.Whenaspringistightlystretchered,itisreadytodowork.TNTissimpleandrelativelysafetomanufacture.Inthesimplestchemicalcelltheelectrolyteisasolutionofsulfuricacidinwater.Theattractiveforcebetweenthemoleculesisnegligiblysmall.狀語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Whenoxidesofnitrogenareabsorbedinwatertogivenitricacid,achemicalreactionoccurs.當(dāng)水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸時(shí)，就發(fā)生了化學(xué)反應(yīng)。（狀語----主語）Whenaspringistightlystretchered,itisreadytodowork.拉緊的彈簧隨時(shí)可以做功。（狀語從句----主語）TNTissimpleandrelativelysafetomanufacture.制造TNT簡(jiǎn)單而且比較安全。（狀語----謂語）Inthesimplestchemicalcelltheelectrolyteisasolutionofsulfuricacidinwater.在最簡(jiǎn)單的化學(xué)電池內(nèi)，電解液是硫酸的水溶液。（狀語----定語）Theattractiveforcebetweenthemoleculesisnegligiblysmall.分子間的吸引力小得可以忽略不計(jì)。（狀語----補(bǔ)語）

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