課下題型練（二）LearningAboutLanguageI.閱讀理解AThefollowing4famouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck'sportraittoPabloPicasso*smasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.TheAmolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheSiarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheSiartyNighl,oiloncanvas（帆布），amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ltdescribestheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinckfamerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.ThetitlewGuernica^^referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofiainMadrid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四幅名畫。從阿諾菲尼肖的肖像到畢加索的杰作，它們都經(jīng)受住了時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?A.Guernica.B.TheHarvesters.C.TheStarryNight.D.TheAmolfiniPortrait.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)以下幾個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)：第二段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的JanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890,第四段TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.,以及第五段Guernica中的Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.進(jìn)行判斷可知，'I'heAmolfiniPortrait是最早創(chuàng)作的畫。故選DoWhocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvestseasons?PieterBruegeltheElder.VincentvanGogh.JanvanEyck.PabloPicasso.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)7'heHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.可知，PieterBruegeltheElder畫了這幅描繪豐收季節(jié)的畫。故選A。WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?Itwaspaintedonwoodinoils.Itdescribedthepainter*slifeinhospital.Itwasn*twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheStarryNight中的WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.可知，TheStarryNight在1941年之前沒有被廣泛認(rèn)可。故選CoBWecanfindrobotseverywhere.Robotsbuildcars,playchessandcleanyourhouse.Theymaydriveyourcarinthenearfuture.Tworobots,namedSpiritandOpportunity,weresenttoMarsonamission（任務(wù)）toexploretheredplanet.Robotsalsohelppeopleinnaturaldisasters.Theyareusedinsearchandrescueoperationsfollowinganearthquakeoranuclearaccident.Inmostcases,robotsaresenttoplacesconsideredtobeunsafe.Theproblemisthatallofthosetypesofsituationsareextremelyunpredictableandunfriendly.Anditisverylikelythatrobotsinthosesituationsbecomedamaged.Whenadoglosesaleg,theanimaleventuallyfindsthebestwaytogetaroundonthreelegs.Inashorttime,thedoglearnstodealwithitsphysicaldisability.Now,scientistshavedevelopedrobotsthatbehaveinthesameway.JeffClune,acomputerscientist,isdevelopingthelatestandadvancedtechnologysothatrobotswillcontinueoperatingafterthefirstsignofinjury.Hewantsthemachinestohavetheabilitytoanalyzethecauseandchangetocontinueperforminguntiltheycanberepaired.Theresearchershaveaddedonemoreoperationtotheskilledsetofrobotsworkingundercomplicatedconditions.Theyprogrammedahexapodrobotwithsixlegsandaroboticarm.TheirfindingswerereportedinthejournalNature.Oncethehexapodrobotsbecomedamaged,theycanusetheirownknowledgeofhowtheirbodyworkstofindasolution.Thehexapodrobotsarealsoprogrammedwithchild-likecuriosity.Inotherwords,theyarealwaysaskingquestionsandlookingfortheanswers.Thewholeprocessjusttakesaboutaminutefortherobotstoovercomethedamageandcontinuetocarryoutthetask.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。如今，機(jī)器人無處不在，它們被應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域?？茖W(xué)家們正在研發(fā)一種新的技術(shù)，使機(jī)器人遭到損壞時(shí)能夠迅速做出改變并繼續(xù)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。Whatdoweknowaboutrobots?Theyusuallyworkindangerousplaces.Theymaydogreatharmtopeople.Dogsareusedtohelpthemworkwell.Peoplecan*tlivenormallywithoutthem.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，機(jī)器人應(yīng)用很廣泛。根據(jù)第二段可知，在大多數(shù)情況下，機(jī)器人被派往危險(xiǎn)的地方。故選A項(xiàng)。AccordingtoJeffClune,thenewtechnology.helpsrobotsdealwiththedamageprotectsrobotsfromseriousharmmakesrobotshaveself-repairabilityallowsrobotstorealisepossibledanger解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，杰夫正在開發(fā)研究新技術(shù)使機(jī)器人在受損后能夠分析原因并做出改變以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。Whatcanweinferaboutthehexapodrobots?TheideaofthemisfromNature.Theycansensepeople*sfeelings.Theylooklikechildreninappearance.Theycanmakechangesinaveryshorttime.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四、五段可知，六足機(jī)器人能夠找到方法修復(fù)損傷并繼續(xù)執(zhí)行任務(wù)，整個(gè)過程大約只需要一分鐘的時(shí)間。What*sthebesttitleforthetext?HowtoUseRobotsProperlyRobotsAreHelpfultoHumansDamagedRobotsLearntoKeepWorkingTheDevelopmentoftheHexapodRobot解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講了科學(xué)家利用先進(jìn)技術(shù)發(fā)明了六足機(jī)器人，這種機(jī)器人遭到損壞后仍然可以繼續(xù)工作。H.完形填空MealsonWheelsdeliveryserviceisforthosefacinglife-threateningillnesseslikeBordendidbackin2O12.ShehadjustfinishedaMaster,sprogramin]whenshewasdiagnosed(診斷)withcancercalledInvasiveDuctalCarcinoma.Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.BordenmovedtoGrandRapids,Michigantotakecareofherselfwhile2hermother."It'sa3timeinyourlifewhenyouhavegreatneedfornutritionbutyoucan'tprovidehealthy4foryourself,MBordensaid.“HavingaMaster*sinNutrition,Iknewhow5nourishmentwasduringmycancertreatmentandrecovery.”ShestartedReviveandThrivewhilegoingthroughtreatment,6outtolocalhospitalsandkitchenstogettheorganizationofftheground.Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.She8eachpatienttogetasenseofwhattheirnutritionneedsareandhowlongthey，11needhelp.Then,shegetsto9.“Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods,to10jobskills,lifeskillsandthejoyofbeingableto11othersintheircommunity*“Bordensays.Sheworkswithaheadchefwho12thenutrient-richmealsandmakessureeachmealcontainstheessentialvitaminsandproteinsthatapersonfightingalife-threateningillness13,“Whenyou're14anddealingwithcancerbyyourself,itcancauseyoumoredepression.Knowingsomebodycaresaboutwhatyoueatis15>“shesaid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Borden在自己被診斷為癌癥后，成立了一個(gè)為癌癥病人提供健康飲食的組織。她認(rèn)為有人關(guān)心病人的飲食會(huì)讓病人受到鼓舞，更好地抗擊疾病。A.medicineB.educationC.economicsD.nutrition解析：選D根據(jù)下文的HavingaMaster,sinNutrition可知Borden是學(xué)營界學(xué)的。句意：她剛完成一個(gè)營養(yǎng)學(xué)(nutrition)的碩士項(xiàng)目，就被診斷得了名為InvasiveDuctalCarcinoma的癌癥。A.nursingB.teachingC.guidingD.training解析：選A根據(jù)上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知她的媽媽也生病了，故此處用"照顧"，nurse和takecareof是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。A.dangerousB.hardC.commonD.valuable解析：選B根據(jù)上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知，此處用“艱難的日子”符合語境。句意：Borden說：“這是你生命中一段艱難的(hard)日子，在這期間你需要大量的營養(yǎng)，但是你不能給自己提供健康的飲食?！盇.lifestylesB.spiritC.mealsD.sleep解析：選C根據(jù)下文的Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.可知此處用"飲食"符合語境，meal是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。A.rareB.adequateC.comfortableD.important解析：選D句意：作為一個(gè)營養(yǎng)學(xué)碩士，我知道在我的癌癥治療和恢復(fù)期間營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)是多么重要(important)。A.goingB.callingC.reachingD.speaking解析:選C句意:她在治療期間成立了ReviveandThrive這一組織，求助于(reachout)當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)院和餐廳，讓組織發(fā)展起來。A.enjoyingB.preparingC.checkingD.comparing解析:選B結(jié)合上下文可知，Borden成立的ReviveandThrive是為病人準(zhǔn)備健康飲食的組織。句意：很快，她就為那些通過社工、護(hù)士和醫(yī)生向她求助的病人準(zhǔn)備(prepare)飲食。A.tellsB.curesC.examsD.meets解析：選D句意：她親自和每位病人見面(meet),了解她們對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的需求，以及需要多長時(shí)間的幫助。B.workA.restB.workC.schoolD.bed解析：選B此處是指Borden了解了病人的需求后，開始營養(yǎng)餐的準(zhǔn)備工作。句意：然后她開始工作(work)。A.learnB.showC.requireD.test解析：選A句意：Borden說：“給病人提供營養(yǎng)餐和教他們做營養(yǎng)餐、學(xué)會(huì)(learn)工作和生活技能、享受為社區(qū)的其他人服務(wù)同等重要?！盇.judgeB.serveC.gatherD.relax解析：選B根據(jù)上文的Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods可知此處用“服務(wù)”符合語境，serve是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。A.eatsB.expectsC.createsD.proves解析：選C句意：她和一個(gè)主廚合作，主廚負(fù)責(zé)開發(fā)(create)富含營養(yǎng)的飲食，并確保每一餐都包含一個(gè)人抗擊疾病所需要(need)的基本的維他命和蛋白質(zhì)。A.needsB.makesC.sharesD.provides解析：選A參見上題解析。A.aloneB.wiseC.oldD.free解析：選A根據(jù)“byyoursel「可知此處用“獨(dú)自”符合語境。句意：她說：“當(dāng)你一個(gè)人獨(dú)自(alone)抗擊癌癥時(shí)，你會(huì)更加沮喪。知道有人關(guān)心你的飲食是鼓舞人心的?！盇.interestingB.amusingC.amazingD.inspiring解析：選D結(jié)合上下文可知，此處是指病人知道有人關(guān)心自己的飲食會(huì)讓他們受到鼓舞(inspiring)、精神振作。III.語法填空LearningEnglishusedtobeaboutdevelopingfourskills：listening,speakingtreadingandwriting.Afterall,that's]theexamsaredesigned—withfourskillstestedseparately.Butovertheyears,educatorshavecome2(realise)thatthesefourskillsshouldneverhavebeenseparated?butpracticedallatonce.Andthebestwaytodothatis,perhaps>throughpublicspeaking.AccordingtoMeiDeming,aprofessorofEnglishatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity,givingaspeechinaninternationallanguage3(require)aspeakertointegrate(使成為一體)knowledgeandcontent4(mental)andexpresstheresultsystematically.Speakersmustdrawonthebeautyofthelanguageasawholeinordertocommunicatewithanaudience.ThisiswhytheannualChinaDaily“21stCenturyCup"NationalEnglishSpeakingCompetitionhasbeengaininginpopularitysinceitbeganin1996.“Thiscompetitionhasworked5amodelfordevelopingstudents,public-speakingskillsinEnglishandprovidedideasforEnglishteachinginschoolsandinlearninginabroadersense>“saidMei.ShiGuohua,6EnglishteacheratShanghaiQibaoHighSchooLheldasimilarview.HesaidthatkeycompetenceinacquiringEnglishtodaycomesfromtheabilitytoexpressoneselfratherthaninsimplypassingexams.Healso7(stress)thatcommunicationshouldgobothwayssincetraditionalEnglish-speakingeducationhasfocusedtoomuchongettingmessagesoutwhile8(ignore)thereceiverofthesemessages-theaudience."'simportanttounderstandtheaudienceandbuildthelinkbetweenthecontentbeingdeliveredandtheinterestsoftheaudience*”hesaid."It'salsoimportanttocreateanim