教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy全高語詞句法名性句一●賓語句賓語從句主要用于下面四種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語＋謂語＋從句Theboydreamedthathewasflyingtothemoon.這種結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中最為普遍，用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞也很多：say,think,insist,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,feel,dream,suggest,demand,know,mean,notice,prefer,report...在believe,think,suppose詞后，連詞that常省去。在表示請求、命令、建議的等詞后的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣2主語＋謂語＋從句Wemustfindoutwhodidallthis.在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語從句實(shí)際上是一個特殊疑問句變化而來的而且特別需要注意的是，賓語從句是一個陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise...3.主語＋謂語＋whether(if)+句Iwanttoknowwhether(if)hewilljoinusthisafternoon.在該結(jié)構(gòu)中whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句實(shí)際上是由一個一般疑問句演變而來的。意思"是否"。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與可以互換使用。具體的要求，后面詳述。4.主語＋be＋形容詞＋從句IamafraidthatIcan'tpromiseyouanything.Iamnotsurewhether(if)theyaredoingtheirbest.用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞常有afraid,angry,amazed,anxious,glad,happy,pleased,sad,satisfied,sure,surprised,ashamed,astonished,certain,delighted,disappointed...口語中，特別是sure,sorry,afraid等形容詞，常省略。5.主語+謂語+it+形容詞/名詞等+thatclauseLotsofforeignersfinditdifficultthattheylearnChinesewellIthinkitimpossiblethatIwillgoabroadnextyear.Weconsideritnecessarythatyouapologizetohimatonce.用于這類句型的常見動詞有：find,consider,make,regard,itforgrantedthat,imagine...●主語從句主語從句常出現(xiàn)在下面的三種結(jié)構(gòu)中。1.主語從句＋謂語Thatshewillcometoourpartyiscertain.

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TeacherJoy2.It+be+形容詞（名詞詞組、過去分詞）從句Itisquiteclearthattheelephantislikeahugefan.Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.Itissaidthatourschoolwillberebuilt.在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的從后置。而使用作形式主語，它也可以與前面講到的結(jié)構(gòu)換用用于構(gòu)的形容詞很，常見的：obvious,clear,likely,true,certain...該結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于使用了某些形容詞、名詞詞組、過去分詞，后面引導(dǎo)的主語從句要使用虛擬語氣。3.It+seem(happen等不及物動詞)＋that從句ItseemsthatMaryisnotcomingatall.用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的不及物動詞有seem,happen,appear,matter...該結(jié)構(gòu)有的可以用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。如上面句子可轉(zhuǎn)換為：Marydoesn'tseemtobecomingatall.●表語從句表語從句主要是說明主語的內(nèi)容因此含有表語從句的復(fù)合句中的主語通常是需要有內(nèi)涵的名詞truthexplanationproblemopinion，view等。②what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。1.Thefactisthathedidn'tfinishhishomeworklastnight.Ourbeliefisthatthingswillimprove.2.WhatIwanttoknowiswhichdictionaryIshouldbuy.另外：asif(asthough)也可以用于表語從句。但多是以下面形式出現(xiàn)。主語＋look(seem)asif+從句:Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.Itseemsasiftherewillbeanelectionsoon.3．Thereasonwhy…isthat…ThereasonwhyIcamelatewasthatIoverslept(過頭).●位從同位語從句大多由從屬連詞that引，常常跟在fact,opinion,news,hope,等詞后面同位語從句一般用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。例如：Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsists他很熟悉這一觀點(diǎn)，所有的物質(zhì)都是由原子構(gòu)成的。1、先行詞看同位語從句與名詞之間在邏輯上"主語＋be＋表語"的關(guān)系名是要做特殊說明的抽象名詞。例如：Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhad當(dāng)聽到他們的球隊(duì)贏了的消息時，他們欣喜若狂。2、引導(dǎo)詞看引導(dǎo)詞that同位語從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，無具體詞義that可省略；在定語從句中是關(guān)系代詞它在從句中充當(dāng)一定成-主或賓語有具體詞意作語時還可以省略。試比較：

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TeacherJoyThefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemical我們昨天參觀的那家工廠化工廠。(that在從句中作賓語，所以此句是賓語從)Thenewshewillleaveforistrue.將要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起連接從句的作用，所以此句是同謂語從)1.wanttoknow_______helpwhatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheyD.can2.youknow_______brightertheWhysunlookB.whyC.whydoestheD.whyisthelook3.----Dorememberhecame?----Yes,Ibytaxi.howB.whenC.whyD.4.youdonemightdoharmtopeople.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.5.2008OlympicwillbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall.B.WhetherC.IfD.6.Goandgetyoucoat.It’s_______youleftitlastnight.B.whereC.thereD.place7.Ittome______alltheareintheexams.whatB.whyD.8.ItthewholeworldhassuchachievementswhyB.whetherthatD.how9.hecanhisfirstremainsaproblem.ThatB.\C.IfD.Whether10.______isafactcomputerisacceptedacommunicationtool.B.ThisC.D.It11.canbe_______ayears.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwilllikeC.manwilllooklikeD.whatlookwilllike12.He______clearwasinchargeofgroupusB.itC.thatD.them13.ItsaidhowSARSoverthatB.C.thatwhichD.that14.Hasitbeenannounced______aretotakeoff?B.ifC.whichD.15.I_________usedtoaquitevillage.B.howC.whereD.what16.Itbit_______herbeenlostwhentraveling.B.thatC.ifD.for17._______thelabtolockdoor.AnyoneB.ThewhoD.18.____youtoldmewas______beeninthatWhat;B.thatC.whatD.If;how19._____TomwantstochangehisItappearsB.ItseemedC.ItsaidD.it20._____memost_______Ilackinthisof

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TeacherJoyA.ThatwhatB.What;thatC.What’s;thatD.Thatthat21.Theproblemnot______doesbut_______heit.what;B.whatC.how;D.what22.______isnot_____youfailedinthebut_____youIt;how;thatB.that;howIt;howD.that;what23.Itlooksitisshower.evenifB.ifC.thatD.24.Therebeno_______moreandmoreforuniqueofthatB.whichC.whatD..25.Thesuggestion_______peacefulvolunteers(平自愿者)shouldbethelocalhaswhatthatD.26.Riveris____________tenwhatitusedtowhatdiditlikeC.thatitusedtobeD.itlookedlike27._____isgoingtowilluptoofThatB.HowWhyD.Who28.______peoplewilljoinnotveryimportant.HowB.HowC.D.Many29.______stionsistobediscussedfirstdoesn’tmakemuchdifference.WhichB.ofC.HowD.Which30.______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.IfWhereD.Who31.______Jackisreluctant(不情愿的)gotoconferenceistoalloftheHowB.WhatC.WhyD.32.______youwillinupyou.B.WhichWhomD.Whether33.______weininterestsofpeople.ThatB.HoweverC.WhetherD.34.Istruethatscientistwillgivealectureweek?thatB.itC.D.35.Does_______muchthattheywillcomethatB.thisC.heD.what36.IsyoutoldmereallythatB.C.itD.what37.ItIoutthatday.whetherB.thatC.whatD.38.Itunknownto______theygracefulthatB.whatwhereD.39.Itnot_______theywenthowB.whyD.All40.Their_______ofusgotheretotomorrow.

教成未，力就想whatB.whichthatD.when完形填空

TeacherJoylastinNairobi,Idecidedtovisitthe野生動物保護(hù)區(qū))1myhotel,IboughthiredatheI2tophotosmanyinteresting,AlittlelateralpleasedIsawnotices4:“Becareful:Lions.5inyourcar.”Ididn'tmeantogetoutand

6acrossshallowIhalfwaywhenmy7begantoturnroundandroundwithoutabit:thestuckintheFullof9,Iroundwasnotlion10,Iwassooninthe11myclothesandmuddy,andtherewas12Icoulddo.cardidn'tIitwasa14quitenear.Ididn'tdaretothere.SoIhadtocar.Ivery15Iitwouldbe16Iwasbythewouldatastyofhumanbeing!Iwaswildwith19when,severallater,akeeperupinjeep20mycardryIttooktothewhattowhenItohotel,butIdonotthatme!1.A.leavingB.C.visitingD.2.A.stoppedB.rodeD.3.A.B.animalsD.lions4.A.writingB.printingC.D.5.A.SleepD.Look6.A.B.D.7.A.wheelsB.C.feetD.home8.A.B.workingC.D.9.A.fearB.C.D.pleasure10.A.instreamB.inC.inthedistanceD.outofdoors11.A.riverC.seatD.

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TeacherJoy12.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing13.A.B.C.D.start14.A.hotelB.villageC.D.keeper15.A.B.surprisedD.16.A.beforeB.whenD.17.A.B.enjoyC.thankD.refuse18.A.B.C.aliveD.19.A.angerB.C.surpriseD.joy20.A.B.C.liftedD.carried名詞性從句（）●同位從句同位語從句大多由從屬連詞that引，常常跟在fact,opinion,news,hope,等詞后面同位語從句一般用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。例如：Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.他們很熟悉這一觀點(diǎn)，所有的物質(zhì)都是由原子構(gòu)成的。1從先行詞來看同位語從句與名詞之間在邏輯上是語＋be＋表語"關(guān)系該名詞是需要做特殊說明的抽象名詞。例如：Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.當(dāng)聽到們的球隊(duì)贏了的消息時，他們欣喜若狂。2從引導(dǎo)詞來看引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語從句中是連詞只起連接作用無具體詞義that不可省略that在定語從句中是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中充當(dāng)一定成---主語或賓語，有具體詞意，作賓語時還可以省略。試比較：Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.們昨天參觀的那家工廠是化工廠。(that在從句中作賓語，所以此句是賓語從句)ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.他將要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起連接從句的作用，所以此句同謂語從句●關(guān)于whether,if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的問題1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句時，既可以直接位于句首，也可以位于句末；if引導(dǎo)主語從句時只能用于作形式主語的從句中。Whetherweneeditisadifferentmatter.Itisadifferentmatterwhether(if)weneedit.

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TeacherJoy2.在賓語從句中，當(dāng)表示"是否"時，whether與if可以互換。3.whether引導(dǎo)的從句可以充當(dāng)介詞賓語，則不行。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.4.一般說來whether可以與ornot連用，if則不行。Ihavenoideawhetherornotheisready.5.whether引導(dǎo)的從句可以作名詞的同位語，則不行。Thequestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeendecided.6.可能造成歧義時，用而不用if。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouarecoming.請告訴我你是否要來。（whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句）Pleaseletmeknowifyouarecoming.如果你要來，請告訴我（if引導(dǎo)狀語從句）●that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的省略that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，一般可以省去，但在下面情況中不能省略。7.在suggest,等表示命令、請求、建議等動詞后的賓語從句中，不能省。8.在句型主語+謂語+it+形容詞+that從句時,that不能省。9.由and或but所連接的兩個引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時第一個從句中的可以省，第二個從句中的不能省。10.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果從句中還有其他狀語從句，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that不能省略。Tellhimthatifheisathome,I'llcalltoseehim.11.that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，表語從句以及同位語中，不能省略。●名詞性從句中what的使用what可以用于主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句。初學(xué)英語容易混淆該詞與that的用法，往往出錯。因此我們說，掌握what一詞的使用，是突破名詞性從句的一個關(guān)鍵。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，它只是引導(dǎo)這個從句，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分，而且沒有任何意義，這一點(diǎn)在前面特征表中可以看到，而則不同，它不但有意義，而且要在從句中充當(dāng)成，也就是說引導(dǎo)的從句在主句中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同時what自身還要在從句中充賓語主語表多數(shù)時候是充當(dāng)賓語只要符合這兩個條件，就得用引導(dǎo)。Whatyouwantisanewschool-bag.(what導(dǎo)從句做主句中的主語，同時在從句中作want的賓語)ThatiswhatIhope.(what引導(dǎo)從句做主句中的表語，同時在從句中作hope的賓語)Wecannotdowhatyouaskedofus.(what引導(dǎo)從句做主句中的賓語，同時在從句中作asked的賓語)

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TeacherJoy26.Riveris____________tenwhatitusedtowhatdiditlikeC.thatitusedtobeD.itlookedlike27._____isgoingtowilluptoofThatB.HowWhyD.Who28.______peoplewilljoinnotveryimportant.HowB.HowC.D.Many29.______thequestionstobediscussedfirstdoesn’tmakemuchdifference.WhichB.ofC.HowD.Which30.______houwillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.IfWhereD.Who31.______Jackisreluctant(不情愿的)gotoconferenceistoalloftheHowB.WhatC.WhyD.32.______youwillinupyou.B.WhichWhomD.Whether33.______weininterestsofpeople.ThatB.HoweverC.WhetherD.34.Istruethatscientistwillgivealectureweek?thatB.itC.D.he35.Does_______muchthattheywillcomethatB.thisC.D.what36.IsyoutoldmereallythatB.C.itD.what37.ItIoutthatday.whetherB.thatC.whatD.38.Itunknownto______theygracefulthatB.whatwhereD.39.Itnot_______theywenthowB.whyD.All40.Their_______ofusgotheretotomorrow.whatB.whichthatD.when41.Thatis_____likesplacewhereB.whyC.D.42.Thatis_____thehowB.whatwhyD.43.is______thecityfed.howB.becausethatD.what44.---Henottheexamination.Thatis______hedidn’tfollowtheteacheradvice.whyB.becauseC.D.45.me_____wasdoingwasveryimportant.thatB.C.whatthatD.whywhat46.We______strangethatwasinwallbetween

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TeacherJoytherooms.thatB.itD.47.youmindtellingme______yourfriendspeaks?whichB.whatC.howD.that48.The_______hadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.whichwhatthatD.49.WhatIsayandthink______noofisB.wereD.was50.Canyousure_______thegoldwhereAliceputB.wherehadputC.whereputD.hasAlice閱讀理解AIn1865thefamousVernewrotetwobooks.wasentitledFromEarthtoTheMoontheotherwasAroundTheMoon.InbooksVernelandingonIn1969manactuallydidlandonmoon.ManyofdetailsofreallandingbeendescribedamazingaccuracyinJulesVerne’sbooks.Forexample,Verne’sspaceshiphadaninitialof36,000feetpersecond.Apollo11’sinitialspeedwas35,533feetpersecond.Last,ulesVerne’sspaceshiptook87hours,13minutes,and20secondsmoon.Apollo11took1033ThedoorofApollo11at10:56p.m.20,mansteppedouttheofmoon.Verneitwithgreataccuracyover1.WhatVernedescribedin“FromtheEarthtotheMoon”issimilartothe1969Apollo11onthemoonin_______ways.B.C.twoD.five2.Theundeword“entitled”refersto________.madeB.createdC.D.givenarightBIfgotoBrisbane,Australia,cangetsmallbookcalledDiscoverfree.tellsalmosteverythingBrisbane:therestaurants,shops,cinemas,thestreets,thetrains,banks,Hereis

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TeacherJoyonGroupCnr.&Sts------------------------------------------228ofZealand410QueenStreet-------------------------------------------------221ofQueensland229Street----------------------------------------------229CommonwealthBanking240QueenStreet-------------------------------------------------237NationalAustraliaLtd225Street-----------------------------------------------221Banking260QueenStreet-------------------------------------------------227hoursareMon.-Thu.9:30am4pm.Fri.9:30amAllbanks&Holidays.hasa（十進(jìn)幣制）100centstoNotes$50,$10,Goldare$2&$1Silver10&52&13.YoufindANZGrouponQueenStreetElizabethC.thecornerofGreekStreetandStreetD.cornerofElizabethStreet4.tothemostimportantinGreekB.ElizabethC.QueenStreetD.AdelaideStreet5.Onyoucan_____toyourinortakeyourmoneyGroupB.BankofQueenslandC.AustraliaLtdD.nobank

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TeacherJoy6.InAustralia,havetheirlongestservicehoursB.SundaysC.D.名詞從句（三）鞏固練習(xí)詞基本解題思路和方法：1.先分析句子的“基本結(jié)構(gòu)”，看其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，如缺主語、賓語(介賓或動賓)或名詞表語,則用引導(dǎo)代詞；如缺狀語，則用相應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)副詞2.再根據(jù)句子的意思判斷用哪一個引導(dǎo)詞才能使句子的意思完整且合乎邏輯。第一組：that\what1.Heisconfusedat_____theteachersaidinclass.2.______hehaddoneledtohisfailureintheexam.3.Thetruth______helacksconfidencetogetprojectfinishedadvance.4.Dofreeonlybywearinghelmets?比較及歸納：That無實(shí)際意義，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成份，僅起引導(dǎo)從句的連詞作用，且在動詞賓語從句中可省略。而what意義，即“什么內(nèi)容或什么樣的”，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，在從句中不可省略。一般情況下，前that不可有介詞，what可以;此外，what可以同時在主句和從句中兼做兩種份，而that不能。第二組：which\what5.Uptonow,shehasbeenuncertainabout_______kindlifeshewillliveinthefuture.6.Nobodyknows______weatheritislikelytobelikethefewdays.7.He’tat8.Sometimes,ifyouwanttounderstandawordproperly,youmustknow______functionitperformsinthesentencefirst.

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TeacherJoy比較及歸納：which和what都有意義，均可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。但which強(qiáng)調(diào)“在兩者范圍選擇其一”，而則強(qiáng)調(diào)“具體什么樣的內(nèi)容或什么樣的”。第三組：what\how9.Theboyarenotsatisfiedwithhebehavedattheschool.10.______IreferredtojustnowishowDrYuanhelpedridtheworldofhunger.11.Hedidn’trealize______importantthesubjectwasheenteredtheservice.比較及歸納：what和都引導(dǎo)表示有疑問的名詞性從句，二者前均可有介詞。但what常在從句中作主語賓語或表語這時為引導(dǎo)代詞若作定語意“什么樣的”，一般置于名詞前。how一般在從句中作狀語，表示方式，意為“如何”，這時為引導(dǎo)副詞；有時也置于形容詞或副詞前，引導(dǎo)名從，表示“程度的深淺”。第四組：whether\that12.DoyouaccepttheideaEnglishwritingcanbemodeledaftertheoriginal?13.Ihavenoideabooksarethechildrenthequake-strickenarea.14.Theproblemliesin________hasfocusedonwhattheteacherhadsaidinclass.比較及歸納：that和都不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成份。但that無意義，引導(dǎo)動詞賓語從句時可以省略引導(dǎo)語意取向明確的從句而whether意義即“是否”，不可省略，引導(dǎo)表示有疑問的從句。此外，一般情況下whether前可有介詞，而that則不可。第五組：what\whatever15._______confusedthestudentishowtogettheprojectfinishedinadvance.16.Youmustn’tdo______youlikeinclass.

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy17.Theboymisunderstood_______theteacherhadadvisedhimtodo.比較及歸納二者均可“兼語詞均可置于名詞前作定語均可置于介詞后。區(qū)別在于what意思什么內(nèi)容或什么樣的指某一個事物意思是“無論什么內(nèi)容或無論什么樣的”，泛指任何事物。此外，還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而what則不能。Model:

Themajorityofthegenerationlookuponbluecollar.Weareastonishedatthefact.Weareatthefactthatthemajoritythedownuponthebluecollar.1.—Wheredidtheycomeacrosseachother?--Ihavenoideaaboutit.2.Hehasovercomeallthedifficulties.Itislikely..3.Hehaspromisedtoridhimselfofthosebadhabits.Wedoubtaboutit.4.“Let’sfocusourattentiononwhattheteacherMypartnersuggestedit.5.Haveyoucutofftheelectricitysupply?Iwanttoknowit.6.Wecouldbuildupalow-carboncountryinthecentury.Thatisourwish.7.Heiscontentwithwhathehasachievednow.Thatisobvious.二、翻譯1.問題是我們怎樣才能弄到那么多的錢。

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy2.他想要的東西就是一輛汽車。3.他是否會拒絕（）我，不清楚。4.他明天通過考試沒有問題。5..這房子正是他最需要的東西。三、單項(xiàng)選擇1mind’tonwhathesayingso’mafraidA.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed2Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis______Idisagree.AwhyB.whereC.whatD.how3Ithinkfatherwouldliketoknow_____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how4toischildren’sfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so5–TomwasJane’sbrother.--_____heremindedmesomuchofJane.A.NodoubtB.AboutallC.NowonderDOfcourse6I’velearnt_____,nomatterwhathappensandhowbad_____seemstoday,lifegoesonanditwillbebettertomorrowA.it;thatB.that;itC.it;itD.that;that7–It’swrongforastudenttofollow_____histeacherssay.--It’strue.Ican’tagreemoreA.whatB.nomatterwhatC.howeverD.whatever8Thereason___hewaslateforthemeetingwas_____hiscarhadbeenblockedbyanaccident.Athat;whyB.how;whyCwhy;thatD.why;because9Determinationisakindofbasicqualityandis______ittakestodojobswell.AthathewouldlieBhewouldlieC.thathelieD.thathemustlie10Blackshouldhavedoctor’sadvice_____inbedforadayortwo.A.thathewouldlieB.hewouldlieC.thathelieD.thathemustlie11–Hi!Lily,Comein.--Oh,stilllookingroommatetoshareyourhouse.A.thatB.ifC.howD.why12–Whyareyoualwaysmakingsuchmistakes?--Sorry.IthinkIwasnot________thismorningA.myselfB.formyself;C.tomyselfD.bymyself13Nowadaysthedoctorsaretryingtheirbesttoreducepeople’sfear_____theywouldbeaffectedbythepresentdisease.A.whyB.howC.ifD.that14Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastsum