Unit PartSectionOneSkillFocus:Yourownsummaryofthe CompareandThefollowingisjustforSimilaritiesanddifferencesofthe2summarySampleSamplezzBothhaveastatementofgeneralpointorpurposeattheBothhaveaconcludingsentencethatsummarizes,reiterates,reinforces,orhighlightsthecentralpointorpurpose.Bothincludetheimportantpointsoftheoriginaltalkbutnotthedetailsandexamples.zFirst-pointofSmallernumber sentences(182words)Moreuseofsimple,SV(O) Third-pointof sentences.(192words) moreuseofnounandnon-predicatephrases（inzWhenthereaderreadsthesummary,he/sheisorfeelsasifreading/listeningtothespeaker. Indirect;more Lesscopied Thewriterofthesummaryactsasathirdcommunicatingthepointsoftheoriginaltalkinawayasmuchobjectiveas ClearermarksofboundariesofthesummarySectionTwoViewing,listeningand UnderstandingWhataretheplaceswhereyoufindhimhumorous?Whatarethejokesorhumorous (2)Whatformsofhumorarethey(refertotheintroductionofhumortypesinUnit2)?Thelistofoesms/oihichappearorsoundfunny(19PiofmoncrtnithlnooforenonthehmorandwhypeoplelugameofjokesGoodorigHowareyou?(Laughter)It'sbeengreat,a'tit?beenblownawaybythewholething.Infact,I'mleaving.(前面這幫人太棒了，太厲害了，我自慚形穢，都不敢在此發(fā)言了）(Laughter)（評(píng)論：真實(shí)情感，使氣氛輕松。）TherehavebeenthreethemesrunningthroughtheconferencewhicharerelevanttowhatIwanttotalkaboutOneistheextraordinaryevidenceofhumancreativityinallofthepresentationsthatwe'vehadandinallofthepeoplehereJustthevarietyofitandtherangeofit.Thesecondisthatit'sputusinaplacewherewehavenoideawhat'sgoingtohappen,intermsofthefutureNoideahowthismayplayout.1Ihaveaninterestineducation.Actually,whatIfindiseverybodyhasinterestineducation.Don'tyou?IfindthisveryinterestingIfyou'reatdinnerparty,andyousayyouworkineducation--Actually,you're2oftenatdinnerparties,frankly.（(自嘲）(Laughter)Ifyouworkeducationyou'renotasked.(糾正自己以自嘲）(Laughter)Andyou'reaskedback,curiouslyThat'sstrangetome.Butifyouare,andyousaysomebody,youknow,theysay,"Whatdoyoudo?"andyousayyouineducation,youcanseethebloodrunfromtheirface(因?yàn)樾呃ike,"OhmyGod,"youknow,"Whyme?"（潛臺(tái)詞是：怎么讓我碰上了這伙）(Laughter)"Myonenightoutallweek."(我難得出來(lái)一次就恰好遇上這3老師,敗壞我的心情)(Laughter)Butifyouaskabouttheireducationtheyyoutothewal(覺(jué)得你讓他難堪了,很生氣).（becauseofanger/ortoshowthreat）Becauseit'soneofthosethingsthatgoesdeep4people,amIright?Likereligion,andmoneyandotherthings(原因:consideritimportantandcarealotaboutit).SoIhaveabiginteresteducation,andIthinkwealldo.Wehaveahugevestedinterestit,partlybecauseit'seducationthat'smeanttotakeusintofuturethatwecan'tgraspIfyouthinkofit,childrenstartingschoolyearwillberetiringin2065.Nobodyhasaclue,despiteallthethat'sbeenonparadeforthepastfourdays,whattheworldwilllookinfiveyearstime.Andyetwe'remeanttobeeducatingthemforit.Sounpredictability,Ithink,isAndthethirdpartofthisisthatwe'veallagreed,nonetheless,onthereallyextraordinarycapacitiesthatchildrenhave--theircapacitiesforinnovationImeanSirenalastnightwasamarvel,wasn'tshe?JustseeingwhatshecoulddoAndshe'sexceptional,butIthinkshe'snot,sotospeak,exceptionainthewholeofchildhood.WhatyouhavethereisaofextraordinarydedicationwhofoundatalentAndmycontentionisallkidshavetremendoustalents.Andwesquander（waste,abuse)them,prettyruthlessly.SoIwanttotalkabouteducationandIwanttotalkaboutcreativity.Mycontentionisthatcreativitynowisasimportantineducationasliteracy,andweshouldtreatitwiththesamestatus.(Applause)Thankyou.(Applause)ThatwasitbythewayThankyouverymuch假裝要結(jié)束自己的發(fā)言了）(LaughterSo15minutesleft.（可是還有這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，怎么辦呢？）(Laughter)Well,（好吧，總得說(shuō)點(diǎn)什5啊，那就從小講起？）Iwasborn...no(不對(duì)頭啊，不能這樣啊）.(Iheardagreatstoryrecently--Ilovelingit--ofalittlegirlwhowasinadrawinglesson.Shewassixandshewasatthebackdrawing,andtheteachersaidthisgirlhardlyeverpaidattention,andinthisdrawinglessonshedidTheteacherwasfascinated.ShewentovertoherandshesaidWhatareyoudrawing?"AndthegirlsaidI'mdrawingapictureofGodAndtheteachersaidButnobodyknowswhatGodlookslikeAndthegirlsaid,"Theywill,inaminute."（小的幽默）(Laughter)WhenmysonwasfourinEngland--Actually,hewasfoureverywhere,tobehonest.（糾正自己前面的貌似錯(cuò)誤fourinEngland）(Laughter)Ifbeingstrictaboutit,whereverhewent,hewasfourthatyearHewasintheNativityplay.Doyourememberthestory?(Laughter)No,itwasbig,itwasabigstory.MelGibsondidthesequel,youmayhaveseenit.(Laughter)"NativityII."ButJamesgotthepartofJoseph,whichwewerethrilledabout.Weconsideredthistobeoneoftheleadparts.WehadtheplacecrammedfulofagentsinT-shirts:"JamesRobinsonIS(Laughter)Hedidn'thavetospeak,butyouknowthebitwherethethreekingscomein?Theycomeinbearinggifts,gold,frankincense(乳香(乳香木,乳香精油)andmyrrh(沒(méi)藥;沒(méi)藥花/精油/樹(shù)).ThisreallyhappenedWeweresittingthereandIthinktheyjustwentoutofsequence,becausewetalkedtothelittleboyafterwardandwesaid,"YouOKwiththat?"Andhesaid,"Yeah,why?Wasthatwrong?"TheyjustswitchedThethreeboyscamein,four-year-oldswithteatowelsontheirheads,andtheyputtheseboxesdown,andthefirstboysaid,"Ibringyougold."Andthesecondboysaid,"Ibringyoumyrrh."Andthethirdboysaid,"Franksentthis."（小男孩可能不會(huì)說(shuō)frankincense，就隨機(jī)應(yīng)變，憑想象編了一句話。）(Laughter)7自我糾正/自WhatthesethingshaveincommonisthatkidswiltakeachanceIftheydon'tknow,they'llhaveagoAmIright?They'renotfrightenedofbeingwrongIdon'tmeantosaythatbeingwrongisthesamethingasbeingcreativeWhatwedoknowis,ifyou'renotpreparedtobewrong,you'lnevercomeupwithanythingoriginal--ifyou'renotpreparedtobewrongAndbythetimetheygettobeadults,mostkidshavelostthatcapacityTheyhave efrightenedofbeingwrong.Andwerunourcompanieslikethis.Westigmatize(accuseorcondemnasdisgraceful)mistakes.Andwe'renowrunningnationaleducationsystemswheremistakesaretheworstthingyoucanmake.Andtheresultisthatweareeducatingpeopleoutoftheircreativecapacities.Picassooncesaidthis,hesaidthatallchildrenarebornartistsTheproblemistoremainanartistaswegrowupIbelievethispassionay,thatwedon'tgrowintocreativity,wegrowoutofit.Orrather,wegeteducatedoutifitSowhyisthis?IlivedinStratford-on-Avonuntilaboutfiveyearsago.Infact,wefromStratfordtoLosAngelesSoyoucanimaginewhatatransitionthatwas（irony自嘲）(LaughterActuallywelivedinaplacecalledSnitterfield,justoutsideStratford,whichiswhereShakespeare'sfatherwasbornAreyoustruckbyanewthought?9wasYoudon'tthinkofShakespearehavingafather,doyou?DosevenatsomepointHewasinsomebody'sEnglishclass,he?(Laughter)Howannoyingwulthatbe?(Laughter)Musharder(Laughter)BensenttobedbyhisdadyouknowtoShkespearetobednowAndputthepencildonLaghter"Andstopspeakingthat(Laughter)"It'sconfusingeverybody（幸虧是情景，與現(xiàn)實(shí)反）Anyway,wemovedfromStratfordtoLosAngeles,andIjustwanttosayawordaboutthetransition.Mysondidn'twanttocomeI'vegottwokids;he's21now,mydaughter's16.Hedidn'twanttocometoLosAngeles.Helovedit,buthehadagirlfriendinEngland.Thiswastheloveofhislife,SarahHe'dknownherforamonth.(joke1)(Laughter)Mindyou,they'dhadtheirfourth,becauseit'salongtimewhenyou're16.Hewasreallyupsetontheplane,hesaid,"I'llneverfindanothergirllikeSarah."Andwewereratherpleasedaboutthat,frankly(Joke2)--(Laughter)Becauseshewasthemainreasonwewereleavingthecountry(Joke3)(Laughter)ButsomethingstrikesyouwhenyoumovetoAmericaandtravelaroundtheworld:EveryeducationsystemonEarthhasthesamehierarchyofsubjects.Everyone.Doesn'tmatterwhereyougo.You'dthinkitwouldbeotherwise,butitisn't.Atthetoparemathematicsandlanguages,thenthehumanities,andatthebottomaretheartsEverywhereonEarth.Andinprettymucheverysystemtoo,there'sahierarchywithinthearts.ArtandmusicarenormallygivenahigherstatusinschoolsthandramaanddanceThereisn'taneducationsystemontheplanetthatteachesdanceeverydaytochildrenthewayweteachthemmathematicsWhy?Whynot?IthinkthisisratherimportantIthinkmathisveryimportant,butsoisdance.Childrendanceallthetimeifthey'reallowedto,wealldoWeallhavebodiesdon'twe?DidImissameeting?(Laughter)Truthfully,whathappensis,aschildrengrowup,westarttoeducatethemprogressivelyfromthewaistup.Andthenwefocusontheirheads.Andslightlytooneside.12Ifyouweretovisiteducation,asanalien,andsay"What'sitfor,publiceducation?"Ithinkyou'dhavetoconclude,ifyoulookattheoutput,whoreallysucceedsbythis,whodoeseverythingthattheyshould,whogetsallthebrowniepoints,whoarethewinners--Ithinkyou'dhavetoconcludethewholepurposeofpubliceducationthroughouttheworldistoproduceuniversityprofessors.Isn'tit?They'rethepeoplewhocomeoutthetopAndIusedtobeone,sothere.( （自嘲成了這個(gè)鬼樣子，我就是被培養(yǎng)成這么個(gè)可悲的樣子的。）(Laughter)AndIuniversityprofessors,butyouknow,weshouldn'tholdthemupashigh-watermarkofallhumanachievementThey'rejustaformlife,anotherformoflifeButthey'rerathercurious,andIsaythisoutaffectionforthem.There'ssomethingcuriousaboutprofessorsinexperience--notallofthem,buttypically,theyliveintheirheadsTheyliveupthere,andslightlytoonesideThey'redisembodied,youknow,14（比喻，自黑 自akindofliteralway.Theylookupontheirbodyasaformoftransporttheirheads.（比喻，自黑/自嘲）(Laughter)Don'tthey?It'sawaygettingtheirheadtomeetings.(Laughter)Ifyouwantrealevidenceout-of-bodyexperiences,getyourselfalongtoaresidentiaconferencesenioracademics,andpopintothediscothequeonthenight.(Laughter)Andthere,youwillseeit.Grownmenandwrithinguncontrollably,offthebeat.(Laughter)Waitinguntilitendstheycangohomeandwriteapaperaboutit.Oureducationsystemispredicated(以...為基礎(chǔ)；取決于）ontheideaofacademicabilityAndthere'sareason.Aroundtheworld,therewerenopublicsystemsofeducation,reallybeforethe19thcenturyTheyallcameintobeingtomeettheneedsofindustrialism.Sothehierarchyisrootedontwoideas.Numberone,thatthemostusefulsubjectsforworkareatthetopSoyouwereprobablysteeredbenignlyawayfromthingsatschoowhenyouwereakid,thingsyouliked,onthegroundsthatyouwouldnevergetajobngthat.Isthatright?Don'tdomusic,you'renotgoingtobeamusician;don'tdoart,youwon'tbeanartist.Benignadvice--now,profoundlymistakenThewholeworldisengulfedinarevolutionAndthesecondisacademicability,whichhasreallycometodominateourviewofinligence,becausetheuniversitiesdesignedthesystemintheirimage.Ifyouthinkofit,thewholesystemofpubliceducationaroundtheworldisaprotractedprocessofuniversityentranceAndtheconsequenceisthatmanyhighly-talented,brilliant,creativepeoplethinkthey'renot,becausethethingtheyweregoodatatschoolwasn'tvalued,orwasactuallystigmatized.AndIthinkwecan'taffordtogoonthatway.Inthenext30years,accordingtoUNESCO,morepeopleworldwidewillbegraduatingthrougheducationthansincethebeginningofhistoryMorepeople,andit'sthecombinationofallthethingswe'vetalkedabout--technologyanditstransformationeffectonwork,anddemographyandthehugeexplosioninpopulation.Suddenly,degreesaren'tworthanythingIsn'tthattrue?WhenIwasastudent,ifyouhadadegree,youhadajobIfyoudidn'thaveajob,it'sbecauseyouwantone.AndIdidn'twantonefrankly(自黑/自嘲）(Laughter)Butnowkidswithdegreesareoftenheadinghometocarryonplayinggames,becauseyouneedanMAwherethepreviousjobrequiredaBA,andnowyouneedaPhDfortheother.It'saprocessofacademicinflation.Anditindicatesthewholestructureofeducationisshiftingbeneathourfeet.WeneedtoradicallyrethinkourviewofinWeknowthreethingsaboutinligence.One,it'sdiverseWethinkabouttheworldinallthewaysthatweexperienceit.Wethinkvisually,wethinkinsound,wethinkkinestheticallyWethinkin terms,wethinkinmovement.Secondly,inligenceisdynamicIfyoulookattheinteractionsofahumanbrain,asweheardyesterdayfromanumberofpresentations,inligenceiswonderfullyinteractiveThebrainisn'tdividedintocompartmentsInfact,creativity--whichIdefineastheprocessofhavingoriginalideasthathavevalue--moreoftenthannotcomesaboutthroughtheinteractionofdifferentdisciplinarywaysofseeingthings.Bytheway,there'sashaftofnervesthatjoinsthetwohalvesofbraincalledthecorpuscallosum.It'sthickerinwomen.FollowingoffHelenyesterday,thisisprobablywhywomenarebettermulti-taskingBecauseyouare,aren'tyou?There'saraftofresearch,Iknowitfrommyallife.Ifmywifeiscookingamealathome-whichisnotoften,thankfully（joke)(Laughter)No,she'sgoodatthings,butifshe'scooking,she'sdealingwithpeopleonthephone,talkingtothekids,she'spaintingtheceiling,she'sngopen-surgeryoverhere.IfI'mcooking,thedoorisshut,thekidsareout,phone'sonthehook,ifshecomesinIgetannoyed.Isay,"Terry,please,tryingtofryanegginhere."(Laughter)"Giveme17(自黑break."(Laughter)Actually,doyouknowthatoldphilosophicalthing,iftreefallsinaforestandnobodyhearsit,didithappen?Rememberoldchestnut?Isawagreatt-shirtrecently,whichsaid,"Ifamanhismindinaforest,andnowomanhearshim,ishestillwrong?"(Laughter)18（文化衫上joke）Andthethirdthingaboutinligenceis,it'sdistinct（有區(qū)別的，卓越的，不尋常的）.I'mnganewbookatthemomentcalled"Epiphany（主顯悟）whichisbasedonaseriesofinterviewswithpeopleabouthowtheydiscoveredtheirtalent.I'mfascinatedbyhowpeoplegottobethereIt'sreallypromptedbyaconversationIhadwithawonderfulwomanwhomaybemostpeoplehaveneverheardof,GillianLynne.Haveyouheardofher?Somehave.She'sachoreographer,andeverybodyknowsherwork.Shedid"Cats"and"PhantomoftheOpera."She'swonderful.IusedtobeontheboardofTheRoyaBallet,asyoucansee.Anyway,GillianandIhadlunchonedayandIsaid,"Howdidyougettobeadancer?"Itwasinteresting.Whenshewasatschool,shewasreallyhopeless.Andtheschool,inthe'30s,wrotetoherparentsandsaid,"WethinkGillianhasalearningdisorder."Shecouldn'tconcentrate;shewasfidgeting.Ithinknowthey'dsayshehadADHDWouldn'tyou?Butthiswasthe1930s,andADHDhadn'tbeeninventedatthispointItwasn'tanavailable可能成真的諷condition(Laughter)Peopleweren'tawaretheycouldthat(Laughter)Anyway,shewenttoseethisSo,thisoak-paneledroom,andshewastherewithhermother,andshewasledandsatonthischairattheend,andshesatonherhandsfor20minuteswhilethismantalkedtohermotherabouttheproblemsGillianwashavingatschoolBecauseshewasdisturbingpeople;herwasalwayslate;andsoon,littlekidofeightIntheend,thedoctorwentandsatnexttoGillian,andsaid,"I'velistenedtoallthesethingsyourmother'stoldme,Ineedtospeaktoherprivay.WaithereWe'llbeback;wewon'tbeverylong,"andtheywentandlefther.Butastheywentoftheroom,heturnedontheradiothatwassittingonhisdesk.Andtheygotout,hesaidtohermother,"Juststandandwatchher."Andtheminutetheylefttheroom,shewasonherfeet,movingtothemusic.Andtheywatchedforafewminutesandheturnedtohermotherandsaid,"Mrs.Lynne,Gillianisn'tsick;she'sadancer.TakehertoadanceIsaid,"Whathappened?"Shesaid,"ShedidIcan'tlyouhowwonderfulitwasWewalkedinthisroomanditwasfullofpeoplelikeme.Peoplewhocouldn'tsitstill.Peoplewhohadtomovetothink."WhohadtomovetothinkTheydidballet,theydidtap,jazz;theydidmodern;theydidcontemporaryShewaseventuallyauditionedfortheRoyalBalletSchool;shebecameasoloist;shehadawonderfucareerattheRoyalBallet.SheeventuallygraduatedfromtheRoyalBalletSchool,foundedtheGillianLynneDanceCompany,metAndrewLloydWebber.She'sbeenresponsibleforsomeofthemostsuccessfumusicaltheaterproductionsinhistory,she'sgivenpleasuretomillions,andshe'samulti-millionaire.Somebodyelsemighthaveputheronmedicationandtoldhertocalmdown.（莫大的諷刺！幸虧有人慧眼?。?Applause)WhatIthinkitcomestoisthis:AGorespoketheothernightecologyandtherevolutionthatwastriggeredbyRachelCarson.Ibelieveouronlyhopeforthefutureistoadoptanewconceptionofhumanecology,oneinwhichwestarttoreconstituteourconceptionoftherichnessofhumancapacity.Oureducationsystemhasminedourmindsinthewaythatwestrip-minetheearth:foraparticularcommodityAndforthefuture,itwon'tserveus.Wehavetorethinkthefundamentalprinciplesonwhichwe'reeducatingourchildren.TherewasawonderfulquotebyJonasSalk,whosaid,"IfalltheinsectsweretodisappearfromEarth,within50yearsalllifeonEarthwouldendIfallhumanbeingsdisappearedfromtheEarth,within50yearsallformsoflifewouldflourish."Andhe'sright.WhatTEDcelebratesisthegiftofthehumanimagination.Wehavetocarefulnowthatweusethisgiftwiselyandthatweavertsomeofscenariosthatwe'vetalkedabout.Andtheonlywaywe'lldoitisbyourcreativecapacitiesfortherichnesstheyareandseeingourchildrenthehopethattheyare.Andourtaskistoeducatetheirwholebeing,theycanfacethisfutureBytheway--wemaynotseethisfuture,theyw.Andourjobistohelpthemmakesomethingofit.ThankyoumuchTask2SirKenRobinsonmakesanentertainingandprofoundlymovingcaseforcreatinganeducationsystemthatnurtures(ratherthanundermines)creativity.Heargueshispointswithexamples,facts,ysisandreasoning.NumerousJokesandstories/anecdotesofrealpeoplemakehistalkentertainingandconvincing.Insummarizing,details,jokes,andexamplescanbereducedorexcludedwhilemajorpointsshouldbekeptandexpressedclearlyandconcisely.Astep-by-stepapproachcanbeadoptedincowiththistask.First,sketchanoutline;then,writeasummarydraftbasedontheoutline(usuallythefir