先天與腦外傷Congenitalmalformation先天發(fā)育畸形corpuscallosum胼胝體Dysplasia發(fā)育不良congenitalhydrocephalus【積水】Arachnoidcyst蛛網(wǎng)膜囊腫heterotopicgreymatter灰質(zhì)異位Tuberoussclerosis結(jié)節(jié)硬化Craniostenosis—smallskullHypoplasiaofseptumpellucidum透明隔發(fā)育不全foramenmagnum枕骨大孔cervicalspinalcanal.頸部椎管Displacementofthebrainstem腦干移位cerebellartonsils小腦扁桃體herniation（疝）Intracranialhematoma腦內(nèi)血腫Epiduralhematoma硬膜外Subduralhematoma硬膜下

Biconvex雙凸lentiform豆?fàn)頒rescentic新月形encephalocele腦彭出myelomeningoceles脊髓脊膜脫出

【maineumi’ningoucie】Aneurysm動(dòng)脈瘤Contusionofbrain（挫傷）Lacerationofbrain（裂傷）Diffuseinjuryofbrain（彌漫傷）Sequela后遺癥Encephalomalacia腦軟化Brainatrophy腦萎縮Hydrocephalus腦積水Subduralfluidaccumulation硬膜下積液CONGENITALMALFORMATIONIncluding:DysplasiaofcorpuscallosumSmallskull-狹顱癥craniostenosiscongenitalhydrocephalus【積水】Arachnoidcyst珠網(wǎng)膜囊腫cerebralheterotopicgraymatter【異位】Tuberoussclerosis結(jié)節(jié)硬化HypoplasiaofseptumpellucidumChiarimalformationSoon…..ChiariImalformationcaudaldisplacementofcerebellartonsils,sometimestheinferiorvermis(引部）throughtheforamenmagnumintocervicalspinalcanal.ChiariII

Displacementofthebrainstemandlowercerebellumintothecervicalspinalcanal.Theforthventricleisusuallycaudallydisplacedandextendsbelowtheforamenmagnum.Associatedwithlumbarmyelomeningoceles脊髓脊膜脫出[maineumi’ningoucie]

ChiariIIIDownwarddisplacementofmedullawithherniation（疝）ofcerebellumthroughforamenmagnum.枕骨大孔R(shí)esultinginacervicalencephalocele腦彭出

ChiariIVseverecerebellarhypoplasiawithout

displacementofbrainthroughtheforamen.TraumaofbrainandskullIntracranialhematomaEpiduralhematomaSubduralhematoma1.EpiduralHaematomaA:location:Extracerebralbloodcollection,locatedbetweentheduraandtheinnertableoftheskullB.reason:post-traumaticandassociatedwithaskullfractureandtearingofthemeningealvessels;mayresultfromatearoftheduralsinusandthenbevenousinorigin,morecommonintheposteriorfossa（窩，凹）andresultsfromatearofthetransverseofsigmoidsinus.C.Shape:biconvexorlentiformandnotcrescentic,maycrossthemidline.D.Marginisveryclear.2.SubduralHaematomaA:location:bloodcollectioninthesubduralspace.B.reason:post-traumaticandvenousinorigin;mayruptureofananeurysmC.Shape:crescentic,notlentiform;notclearmargin;usuallydonotcrossthemidline.D.MasseffectwithdisplacementofthemidlinestructureContusionandlacerationofbrainContusionofbrain（挫傷）Lacerationofbrain（裂傷）Diffuseinjuryofbrain（彌漫傷）SequelaoftraumaEncephalomalaciaBrainatrophyCystformationHydrocephalusSubduralfluidaccumulationCongenitalmalformation先天發(fā)育畸形corpuscallosum胼胝體Dysplasia發(fā)育不良congenitalhydrocephalus【積水】Arachnoidcyst蛛網(wǎng)膜囊腫heterotopicgreymatter灰質(zhì)異位Tuberoussclerosis結(jié)節(jié)硬化Craniostenosis—smallskullHypoplasiaofseptumpellucidum透明隔發(fā)育不全foramenmagnum枕骨大孔cervicalspinalcanal.頸部椎管Displacementofthebrainstem腦干移位cerebellartonsils小腦扁桃體herniation（疝）Intracranialhematoma腦內(nèi)血腫Epiduralhematoma硬膜外Subduralhematoma硬膜下

Biconvex雙凸lentiform豆?fàn)頒rescentic新月形encephalocele腦彭出myelomeningoceles脊髓脊膜脫出

【maineumi’ningoucie】Aneurysm動(dòng)脈瘤Contusionofbrain（挫傷）Lacerationofbrain（裂傷）Diffuseinjuryofbrain（彌漫傷）Sequela后遺癥Encephalomalacia腦軟化Brainatrophy腦萎縮Hydrocephalus腦積水Subduralfluidaccumulation硬膜下積液cerebralinfarction梗塞ischemicarea缺血區(qū)focalnecrosis局灶壞死Atherosis動(dòng)脈粥樣化Atheroscleroticocclusion(栓塞）Embolism栓子embolicocclusionvasculitisandarterialspasm…血管炎，動(dòng)脈痙攣unilateralhemiplegia（偏癱）【hemi‘pligia】Coma昏迷【coume】Lacunarinfarction腔隙梗塞basalgangliaarea基底節(jié)區(qū)adjacentstructures.臨近結(jié)構(gòu)Obscuration模糊aphasias（失語）hemianopia（偏盲）cerebellarataxia(共濟(jì)失調(diào)）diplopia（復(fù)視）sylvianfissure側(cè)裂池subarachnoidhaemorrhageoculomotornerves動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)Carotid頸動(dòng)脈cavernousaneurysm海綿狀動(dòng)脈瘤trigeminalneuralgia(pain).【neu’regia】三叉神經(jīng)痛foramenmagnumcervicalspinalcanal.DisplacementofthebrainstemcerebellartonsilsherniationIntracranialhematomaEpiduralhematomaSubduralhematomaCongenitalmalformationcorpuscallosumDysplasiacongenitalhydrocephalusArachnoidcystheterotopicgreymatterTuberoussclerosisCraniostenosis—smallskullHypoplasiaofseptumpellucidumSequelaEncephalomalaciaBrainatrophyHydrocephalusSubduralfluidaccumulation

BiconvexlentiformCrescenticencephalocele

myelomeningoceles

【maineumi’ningoucie】AneurysmContusionofbrainLacerationofbrainDiffuseinjuryofbraincerebralinfarctionischemicareafocalnecrosisAtherosisAtheroscleroticocclusionEmbolismembolicocclusionvasculitisandarterial