2023/2023//40Tabl。2.1,2AutomotiveR&DandfinancialindicatorsfornudnworldregionsEUUSChinaJapanRoWTotalNunberoffirms3437S428271旳R&Din2021.EURbn62.627.6IS112111524NetSales.EURbn11182507.8405.2749.6330.73109.6R&Dintensity.9b5.76.1464.5335Capex.EURbn38J3B.31552311.4155.7Capex/ne<sales.%4110.6487.4195.9ProfiUMty.%9&11873源7Elion29O.@1.1L70.57Sales而pioyee.EURk552344522911413.12D57357.8SourceThe2022EUIndustrialR&DInyratmentScoreboard,EuropeonCommission.JKMR孫Figure2.6showsthetop20automotivecompaniesrankedbyamountofR&Dinvestment.Asinothersectors,R&Dinvestmentbycompanyishighlyconcentrated：these20companiesaccountfor73%oftotalR&Dinvestmentoftheautomotivesector.Unfortunately,companiesdonotgiveenoughinformationabouttheirR&DstrategiestoenabletheirR&DonelectricvehiclesandautonomousdnvingtobeseparatedfromconventionalautomotiveR&DonJnternalcombustionenginevehicles,Figure2.6Top20automotivecompaniesrankedbylevelofR&Dinvestmentin2021R&D飯VOLKSWAGEN(DE),7MERCEDESBENZ(DE).14TOYOTAMOTORUP),15GENERALMOTORS(US).20BMW(DE).21FORDMOTOR(US).22HONDAMOTOR(JP>.24ROBERTBOSCH(DE).26STELLANT1S(MJ,29DENSO(JP).SONISSANMOTOR(JP),51TATAMOTORS(IN),58SAICMOTOR(CNX61CONT1NENTM(DEI67ZF(DE),71RENAULT<FR).76HYUNDAIMOTOR(KR>,79TESLA(US),80R1VIANAUTOMOTIVE(US).115VALEO(FR),120NotrthenumberqftrrthrcountrycodrindicotnthepovboninthrglobalScorrboordmniting.Scarce：The2022EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard.EuropeanCommfsnonJKJDGMlFigure2.7comparestheR&Dinvestmentoftheautomotivesectorforthemainregionsoverthepast10years,includingonlythosecompaniesthathavebeenpresentintheScoreboardsince2012,i.e.121(outof147)companies,accountingfor94%oftotalR&Dinvestmentofthesectorin2021.Figure2.7R&Dinvestmentintheautomotivesectorformainworldregionsin2012and2021R&D(bnNotedatarpfwsto121companies(outof147inthesEor)forwhichR&DdataarFavailablpfo<thebothyears,accountingfor94ORbofR&0investmentin2021SourreThe2022EUIndustrialR&OInwstmentSconboord.EuropeanCommission.JRC/DGR&2.4.2Semiconductors94Semiconductorchips57areindispensablecomponentsofelectronicdevices.Theyareenablersforthewholevaluechainofkeyindustries,suchasICT,automotive,health,food,energy,andenvironmentsectors.Moreover,chipsareexpectedtoplayacentralrolefortechnologicalleadership56inspace,science,artificialintelligence,electricmobiUty,aerospaceanddefenceequipmentIn1990thechipmanufacturingmarketwasfullycontrolledbythreeregions59:Europe(44%marketshare),theUS(37%)andJapan(19%).Overthepastthreedecades,EuropeandtheUSradicallyreducedtheirmarketshareto9%and12%respectivelyandchipmanufacturingshiftedtoAsia,namelytoTaiwan,SouthKoreaandChina.In2020theirmarketsharewasasfollows：Taiwan22%,SouthKorea21%andChina15%.Overthepastcoupleofyears,thesemiconductorindustryattractedmuchpolicyattentionworldwideduetoanexceptionalchipshortage,mostlybecauseofthepandemic,thatseverelyhurtawiderangeofindustriesincludingautomotive.Toaddressthisissue,anumberofpolicymeasureshavebeenlaunchedtoimprovethechipsupplychain'sresilienceandtoreducedependenceonforeigncountries.Infact,nocountrynoranyworldregionisabletocontroltheentirechip*makingsupplychain,whichinvolvescomplexdesign,equipment,proce$54ngtechnology,materialsandchemicals.Atpresent,inthesemiconductorindustry,chipdesignisledbyUScompanies,andmanufacturingisledbycompaniesbasedinTaiwanandSouthKorea.TheEUhostsfewplayersintwokeysegmentsofthesemiconductorvaluechain,i.e.chipdesignandmanufacturingRStDandeconomictrendsoftopR&OinvestorsInthesemiconductorindustryThemamindicatorsofthesemiconductorsectorforthemainworldregionsaresummarisedinTable2.13.ThistableincludescompaniesclassifiedintheScoreboardinthesemiconductorsectorand3companiesclassifiedinothersectorsbutshowingstrongactivityinthesemiconductorsector(Apple,SamsungandQualcomm).Someleadingcompaniesinthesemiconductorindustryoperateinseveralsectors.Forexample,intheScoretncrd,Apple.SamsungandQualcommareclassifiedinadifferentindustrialsectorAchipisasetofdectronkdrujitsononesmallflatpieceor'chip'ofsemiconductormatefialusiwlys*conThescrambleforsemiconductoisisourerasindustrialGreatGame.FinanuolTimes,27/01/2022.SMCtheTaiwanesechipmakercaughtupinthptechcoldwacFinandalTimes,24/10/202235

Table2.13S??nicon(k>ctors,R&Dandfinancialindicatorsforregions/countriesEUUSCNihJdpdnTaiwanSouthKoreaTotalNumberoffirms939118]84&9R&D112021.EURbn82479222.510.02019Q9NetSateSuEURtxi5^23CM.046.331.093.8河77&1R&Dintensity.%11915847Bl1070311.7Capex,EURbn495757.8IS506473129,9Capn/nH$alK.?841231&85832.619.51&7ProfiubMlty.%2462B99025432.3】皿246Source.The2022EUIndustrialR&OInvestmentScoreboardEuropeanComnssion.JKJDGMtlFigure2.8showsthetop20semiconductorcompaniesrankedbyvolumeofR&Dinvestment.Asmothersectors,R&DinvestmentIshighlyconcentrated,these20companiesaccountfor85%oftotalR&Dofthesemiconductorsector.Figure2.8Top20SemiconductorscompaniesrankedbyvolumeofR&Dinvestmentin2021SAMSUNGELECTRONICS<KR|,6INTEL(US).BQUALCOMM(US).25NVIDIA(US).41BROADCOM(US).42TAIWAN