動(dòng)名詞作主語(zhǔyǔ)和賓語Grammar第一頁，共38頁。v-ing

一動(dòng)名詞Grammar第二頁，共38頁。動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)的-ing現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞動(dòng)名詞在句中可以做：主語，表語，賓語，補(bǔ)語(bǔyǔ)，定語和狀語千萬要注意V-ing形式的規(guī)則喲！不能單獨(dú)作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語和狀語。還有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。一：簡介v+ing

第三頁，共38頁。時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

類別

及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)主動(dòng)一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone第四頁，共38頁。功能(gōngnéng)及用法(作主語)1)學(xué)習(xí)(xuéxí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。__________________isveryimportantforme．2)說比做容易。___________iseasierthandoing.LearningnewwordsTalking3)和夏洛克爭辯(zhēngbiàn)是沒有什么用的。_______________________________withShylockItisuselesstryingtoargue②用形式主語it，把真正的主語——?jiǎng)用~結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，awasteof等。如：①動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。1．作主語.動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，句子有三種形式：第五頁，共38頁。1)這種事開不得玩笑。Hereis____________aboutsuchmatter.2)無法知道他什么(shénme)時(shí)候離開。Therewas_________whenhewouldleave.功能及用法(yònɡfǎ)(作主語)nojokingnoknowing③在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo…”如Thereisnodoing……：第六頁，共38頁。我們不知道(zhīdào)要去哪兒。Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.做這件傻事毫無意義。____________________________________________注意：Thereisnoneedtodosth干……沒必要，在此句式中todo不可(bùkě)換為doing..沒有必要告訴她。____________________________________________而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sadvisable…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…這類句型(jùxínɡ)中，只能用不定式，如：It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.Thereisnoneedtotellher.二、功能及用法(作主語)第七頁，共38頁。用-ing形式作主語的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是沒用處的Itisuseless/nouse做……是沒用處的Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得(zhídé)的Thereisnodoing無法……，不允許……Thereisnosense/nopointindoing做……沒有道理/意義第八頁，共38頁。提示：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞(míngcí)用作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞(míngcí)所有格構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞(míngcí)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1)我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。Mysister'sbeingillmadeusworried=Thatmysisterwasillmadeusworried.2)你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。Yourbeingrightdoesn'tnecessarilymean___________________________.mybeingwrong二、功能(gōngnéng)及用法(作主語)第九頁，共38頁。V-ing做主語(zhǔyǔ)__________(play)withfireisdangerous.Becareful!_______(play)withfirewillbedangerous.todoorv-ing?PlayingToplay_____________(swim)isgoodforourhealth.______________(swim)inthisriverisnotallowedSwimmingToswim表示一般(yībān)或抽象的多次行為具體(jùtǐ)的或一次性的動(dòng)作第十頁，共38頁。功能(gōngnéng)及用法(用作賓語)lookingforIcan’tavoid_______Haveyouconsidered___________onespecialfriend?1)我不能不去。2)你是否(shìfǒu)考慮過找一位摯友?(一).（1）只能(zhīnénɡ)后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。如：(一)有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；

(二)有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語。（有區(qū)別）

(三)有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語.（沒大區(qū)別）going．三。動(dòng)名詞作賓語有三種情況。第十一頁，共38頁。常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語(bīnyǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)(màoxiǎn)憑想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape

forbid,risk,imagine第十二頁，共38頁。動(dòng)詞forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,can‘thelpforget,regret,remember后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示(biǎoshì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示(biǎoshì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(二)有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(bīnyǔ)。（有區(qū)別）Iforgot_______toher.(我忘了曾經(jīng)(céngjīng)給她寫過信）Iforgot__________heraboutit.我忘了要告訴。。。）Iremember________yousomewhereinbiejing.（see）Remember_______metonight.(call)Heregretted__________intheexam.(cheat)Iregret_______thatwecan’tstayhereanylonger(say)writingtotell

seeingtocallcheatingtosay第十三頁，共38頁。1.Hestopped________andhavearest.(smoke)2.Hereallymuststop_______3.Ioncetried___________French(learn)4.Let’stry_________atthebackdoor.(knock)5.Ididn’ttomean________yourfeeling.(hurt)6.Thiswordmeans________outatonce.(set)7.Ican’thelp__________theroom.forIamtoobusy(clean)8.Afterhearingthejoke,wecan’thelp_________(laugh)9.Waterisuesedto_______flowers(water)10.Iamusedto_____________early..(get)11.Thoughitrained,theywenton_________.(work)12.WehavefinishedPart1.Let’sgoon_________P2(Learn)tosmokesmokingtolearnknockingtohurtsettingtocleanlaughingwatergettingupworkingtolearn第十四頁，共38頁。(三)有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(bīnyǔ).（沒大區(qū)別）1.一些(yīxiē)表示喜好或開始動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,startcontinue等，用不定式做賓語和v+ing形式做賓語，意義相差不大1.Istarted________(work)heretwoyearsago.2.Iintended_____apoeminEnglish.(write)3.Theyprefer____(spend)theirsummervacationinthecountry.2.need/want/require/deservedoingsth.=need/want/require/deservetobedone.4.Weneed________friends(have)5.Myhairneeds_______(cut)6.Myhairneeds_________.tohavecutting.tobecut第十五頁，共38頁?！究祭俊猈hatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？

—__________hernewbicycle．（1997上海高考題）

A.Asshelost

B.LostC.Losing

D.Becauseoflosing第十六頁，共38頁。解析：losinghernewbicycle是句子的主語，謂語madehersoupset被省略，losing…在此表示(biǎoshì)具體的動(dòng)作。第十七頁，共38頁。【考例】Ican'timagine__________thatwiththem．（MET1986）

A.do

B.todoC.beingdone

D.doing

第十八頁，共38頁。Shelooksforwardeveryspringto__________theflower-linedgarden．（1995上海高考題）

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin解析：考查短語動(dòng)詞lookforwardto后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(bīnyǔ)的用法。第十九頁，共38頁。1.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如果(rúguǒ)有名詞或代詞作賓語，則構(gòu)成“allow／advise／forbid／permit＋名詞／代詞＋不定式（賓語補(bǔ)足語）”之形式。如：Wedon'tallowsmokinghere．Wedon'tallowanybodytosmokehere．第二十頁，共38頁。2.動(dòng)詞need,require,want意為“需要”時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(bīnyǔ)，意義沒有區(qū)別。如：Thewindowneeds／requires／wantscleaning／tobecleaned．3.在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用動(dòng)名詞和用不定式作賓語均可，意義(yìyì)沒有多大區(qū)別。第二十一頁，共38頁。4.動(dòng)詞forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,can'thelp后跟動(dòng)名詞和跟不定式區(qū)別較大(jiàodà)，須注意。forget,regret,remember后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。第二十二頁，共38頁。goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事goontodo接著做另一件事

meandoing意味著要做某事meantodo想要做某事

stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下來（別的事）開始做某事第二十三頁，共38頁。trydoing試著做某事trytodo努力做某事beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事

beusedtodo被用來做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事第二十四頁，共38頁?！究祭俊狶et'shavearest．

—Notnow．Idon'twanttostop__________yet．（MET1985）

A.study

B.tostudyC.forstudying

D.studying解析(jiěxī)：stopstudying意為“停止學(xué)習(xí)”。第二十五頁，共38頁?！狶etmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists．

—Don'tyouremember________methestoryyesterday？（1999上海高考題）

A.told

B.tellingC.totell

D.tohavetold解析:remembertellingme意為“記得(jìde)曾經(jīng)告訴過我”。第二十六頁，共38頁。1.Wearebothlookingforwardto__nextweek.A.goingonvocation(休假(xiūjià))B.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocation第二十七頁，共38頁。2.Youmustpayattentionto___theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread3.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_____TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watching第二十八頁，共38頁。4.Themicroscopeisusedfor__minute(微小(wēixiǎo)的)objects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC.examinedD.examine5.Mikehasgotused___uplateatnight.(stayup)A.tositB.XC.tosittingD.sitting第二十九頁，共38頁。6.Oncetheheartstops_____,deathfollowsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeating7.Wearenowbusy_____fortheexamination.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingprepared第三十頁，共38頁。8.Iremembered____thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee9.Iregret____thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.X第三十一頁，共38頁。10.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid(避免(bìmiǎn))____others.A.beinginfected(感染)B.infectingC.toinfectD.infected11.Yourclothesneed______.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashed第三十二頁，共38頁。12._____providesuswithessentialnutrients(營養(yǎng)(yíngyǎng)),while______providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed第三十三頁，共38頁。13.Heattendedthepartywithout___.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited14.By____,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heated第三十四頁