高中英語閱讀專題

ReadingComprehensionHowItacklethisBy:NANA眾說周知，得閱讀、完形者得天下！文章看沒看懂不重要，關(guān)鍵是要選對(duì)！閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)1）所選材料來源與實(shí)際生活，而且使用語言地道。2)體裁常見的有記敘文，說明文；議論文和應(yīng)用文等3)題材廣泛包括了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、科普、人物、故事、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、地理風(fēng)情，新聞報(bào)道等內(nèi)容4)高考閱讀理解的閱讀理解一般由五篇文章組成，詞匯量一般不少于1,000字，其中生詞量一般不超過3%。a.主旨大意型b.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型c.詞義猜測(cè)型d.推理判斷型?？嫉念}目類型主要有以下4種如何快速閱讀將閱讀重點(diǎn)放在首尾部分，中間部分則可采用略讀或掃讀的方式，一則省時(shí)間二則目標(biāo)明確具體解題策略1.首先讀第一段的前兩句和最后兩句（概括段意）2.讀中間段的前兩句（概括段意）3.讀最后一段的前兩句和最后兩句。（練習(xí)首段推出中心思想）4.通過上述內(nèi)容，推出全文的要點(diǎn)。2013廣東高考真題（1）Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethrough

severaloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.（2）Tomlovedtopretend,andheparticularlylovedtoplaysuperheroes,DrEpsteinexplainedthatitwasactuallyabrilliantwayforhisyoungmindtohandletheterrifyingandpainfullifeheled.

（3）Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.”MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume(戲裝)，butfinallysheagreed.

（4）ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishandtothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway.AndTom,withthestrengthofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughtheoperation.

（5）Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereservedforchildrenonly.weallhavethepowertouseourfantasiestoattemptthingsweneverthoughtpossible,togothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andtoachievewhatweneverbelievedwecould,JustasDr.Epsteinputsit,”Ifyoucandreamit,youcandoit”（6）Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyournextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.26.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A..HewasseriouslyillB.Hewasadishonestboy.C.HewascrazyaboutmagicD.HewasDr.Epstein’spatient

27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTom’smother?A..ShewasarichladyB.SherefusedTom’srequestC.ShewantedTomtobeasuperheroD.ShewantedtogetTomthroughthepain解析：D推斷題。由第三段第三四句Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume(戲裝),finallysheagreed.可知，她并不富有，但最終還是同意了Tom的請(qǐng)求，為他購買昂貴的戲裝，由此推斷，她是希望Tom能度過痛苦關(guān)。由hadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume可排除選項(xiàng)A；由finallysheagreed可排除選項(xiàng)B；她同意為他購買昂貴的戲裝其目的不是希望他真正成為超人，故排除選項(xiàng)C。28.WhenTomwentforthethirdoperation,he.A.pretendedtobepainfulB.actedlikeasuperheroC.appearedinpoorspiritsD.arguedwithhismother解析：B細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段第一句TomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishandtothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway可知，他的行為就像是一個(gè)超人。29.Inthelastparagraph,youareadvised.A.togothroughsomedifficulttestsB.towakeupfromyourwilddreamsC.tobecomeapowerfulpersoninyourmindD.towearexpensiveclothesforjobinterviews解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段的第一句可排除選項(xiàng)D；選項(xiàng)A(經(jīng)歷一些困難的測(cè)試)和B(從不羈夢(mèng)中醒來)含文中的一些字眼，其實(shí)是斷章取義；由第三句Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst可知，選項(xiàng)C(要成為一個(gè)內(nèi)心強(qiáng)大的人)正確。30.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.解析：D目的題。由文章首句Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.可全文末句So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是鼓勵(lì)我們運(yùn)用我們的想象力。

能力+思維<>加大思維比例能力欠缺的情況下解題思路(1)不要試圖從原文去“得到”答案。(2)原文的作用：哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是肯定不對(duì)的

哪些選項(xiàng)可能正確(3)答案是比出來的，不是從原文中去得出來的?？紙?chǎng)上什么最重要？？？？

快速選出答案!

AB中心思想題型，快速答對(duì)原則比較原則：

注意：該原則只能用在選項(xiàng)有共同點(diǎn)，且待選選項(xiàng)都與原文沾邊，但是較難排除的情況例：（題目不用看了）A.如何使用幽默

B.演講中加入幽默

C.不同的幽默戰(zhàn)術(shù)

ABC三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是與原文沾邊的待選答案，那么按A推B原則，BC都可說明A“如何使用幽默”，但A并不能證明使用幽默代表著在演講中加入，或者變成戰(zhàn)術(shù)，所以直接選A。范圍最大原則下面我們看例題（北京卷）：例1：ThispassageismainlyaboutA．TeacheroftheYear2004intheUnitedStates（描述一個(gè)老師）B．MsMellor’sEnglishteachinginstruction（他是英語老師）C．MsMellor’steachingskillsoflearningEnglish（教英語技巧的老師）D．praisestoMsMellorfromotherteachers（得到表揚(yáng)的老師）我們看BCD選項(xiàng)都能證明A對(duì)（描述一個(gè)老師），那么就直接選A，我們不要管為什么，也不必從原文去驗(yàn)證。從范圍最大角度上說，A的范圍最大，所以也選A。用信息為零原則來看，當(dāng)把共同點(diǎn)去了（老師），A選項(xiàng)信息為零，所以A放在任何文章都能成立。例Thistextismostprobablywrittenby______.A.aspecialistinteenagerstudies（研究青少年的專家）B.aheadmasterofamiddleschool（中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)）C.aparentwithteenagechildren（青少年的家長(zhǎng)）D.adoctorformentalhealthproblems（治療精神疾病的醫(yī)生）

如果看原文可知道只有A選項(xiàng)與原文沾邊，但是對(duì)原文不理解的話，大家可看出A選項(xiàng)范圍最廣，含義最虛。Practice照抄原文的不是答案同義替換的通常是答案Tanni’senduringsuccesshadbeenpartmotivation(動(dòng)機(jī)),partpreparation,“ThetrainingIdothatenablesmetobeagoodsprinter(短跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員)andenablesmetobegoodatmarathontoo.Itrain50weeksoftheyearandthatkeepsmepreparedforwhateverdistanceIwanttorace….Iamstillcompetingataveryhighlever,butasIgetolderthingsgetharderandIwanttoretirebeforeIfallapart.”58.Theunderlinedword“that”inthe5thparagraphrefersto_______.

A.fiftyweeks’trainingB.beingagoodsprinterC.trainingalmosteverydayD.partmotivationandpartpreparation

（此題容易錯(cuò)選A，但正確答案是C，怎樣避開陷阱？）36.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Hisuniversityeducationfocusedonthetheoreticalknowledge.他的大學(xué)教育專注于理論知識(shí)B.Hisdreamatuniversitywastobecomeavolunteer.他在大學(xué)的夢(mèng)想是成為志愿者

C.Hetookprideinhavingcontributedtotheworld.為世界做貢獻(xiàn)他很自豪D.HefelthonoredtostudyEnglishliterature.他為學(xué)習(xí)英國文學(xué)而光榮(2014廣東高考)B=C選項(xiàng)對(duì)比1內(nèi)容相似都排除35.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstothoseinneed.給予需要的人善意

B.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytoofferittoothers.傳遞善意

C.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstostrangerstheymeet.給予陌生人善意

D.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytopayitbacktothegiver.回饋善意(2014廣東高考)A=C2內(nèi)容相反取其一26.theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen______.A.theoffertheirhelpB.theyreceiveothers’helpC.theyfeelothers’kindnessD.theyshowtheirweakness（2011廣東高考）B><C36.Whenhefirstmettheauthor,David.A.feltalittleexcitedB.walkedenergeticallyC.lookedalittlenervousD.showedupwithhisteacher(2013廣東高考)A><C總結(jié)速讀技巧1.首先讀第一段的前兩句和最后兩句（概括段意）2.讀中間段的前兩句（概括段意）3.讀最后一段的前兩句和最后兩句。（練習(xí)首段推出中心思想）4.通過上述內(nèi)容，推出全文的要點(diǎn)。快速判斷答案技巧AB原則范圍最大化原則排除法技巧1.意思相似都排除2.意思相反取其一2014實(shí)戰(zhàn)SamuelOsmondisa19-year-oldlawstudentfromCornwall,England.Heneverstudiedthepiano.However,hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.Helearnsapieceofmusicbylisteningtoitinparts.Thenhethinksaboutthenotesinhishead.Twoyearsago,heplayedhisfirstpieceMoonlightSonata（奏鳴曲）byBeethoven.Hesurprisedeveryonearoundhim.Amazedthatherememberedthislonganddifficultpieceofmusicandplayeditperfectly,histeacherssaySamuelisunbelievable.Theysayhisabilityisveryrare,butSamueldoesn’tevenrealizethatwhathecandoisspecial.Samuelwantedtobecomealawyerasitwasthewishofhisparents,butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.Now,hestudieslawandmusic.Samuelcan’tunderstandwhyeveryoneissosurprised.“Igrewupwithmusic.Mymotherplayedthepianoandmyfatherplayedtheguitar.Abouttwoyearsago,Isuddenlydecidedtostartplayingthepiano,withoutbeingabletoreadmusicandwithouthavinganylessons.Itcomeseasilytome---Ihearthenotesandcanbeartheminmind---eachandeverynote,”saysSamuel.Recently,Samuelperformedapieceduringaspecialeventathiscollege.Thepiecehadmorethanathousandnotes.Theaudiencewasimpressedbyhisamazingperformance.Heisnowlearningapiecethatissodifficultthatmanyprofessionalpianistscan’tplayit.Samuelsaysconfidently,“It’sallaboutsupermemory---IguessIhavethatgift.”However,Samuel’sabilitytorememberthingsdoesn’tstopwithmusic.Hisfamilysaysthatevenwhenhewasayoungboy,Samuelheardsomeonereadastory,andthenhecouldretellthestorywordforword.Samuelisstillonlyateenager.Hedoesn’tknowwhathewantstodointhefuture.Fornow,heisjusthappytoplaybeautifulmusicandcontinuehisstudies.26.WhatisspecialaboutSamuelOsmond?

A.Hehasagiftforwritingmusic.

B.Hecanwritedownthenotehehears.

C.Heisatopstudentatthelawschool.

D.Hecanplaythemusicalpiecehehears.27.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?

A.Samuelchoselawagainstthewis