Grammar1AdverbialclauseofconditionLookatthesesentencesfromthepassage.Ifyousaytheword“communication”,mostpeoplethinkofwordsandsentences.Weuse“l(fā)earned”bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.Nowtickthetruestatements.Thesentencesfromthepassage.

1.describecommonsituations.2.describeimpossiblesituations.3.useiforwhentointroducethesituation.4.explaintheresultofthesituationintheotherpartofthesentence.5.usethepresentsimpletenseinbothpartsofthesentence.我們知道,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的連詞是if,由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。如:如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙,他會(huì)幫你的。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Answers:1,3,4,5Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.如果你考試不及格,你會(huì)讓他失望的。另外,if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè),從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldinvitehimtotheparty.如果我是你,我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他參加聚會(huì)。IwouldhavearrivedmuchearlierifIhadnotbeencaughtinthetraffic.如果沒(méi)有堵車(chē),我會(huì)到的早一點(diǎn)兒。其他的連詞:unlessconj.除非,若不,除非在…的時(shí)候

Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.

如果你不早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。

Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.除非下雨,比賽將照常進(jìn)行。2.oncondition(that)...在……條件下,如果;oncondition(that)...引導(dǎo)的條件從句是主句事件發(fā)生的前提條件或唯一條件。

Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.

我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應(yīng)保守秘密。Youcangoswimmingoncondition(that)youdon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.你只有在不遠(yuǎn)離河岸的條件下才可以下水游泳。3.supposingconj.如果,假如

supposing引導(dǎo)的條件從句表示一種假設(shè)條件Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?倘若下雨,我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還要繼續(xù)舉行嗎?Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?假如出了什么問(wèn)題,你準(zhǔn)備怎么對(duì)付?4.providedconj.假如,除非,以……為條件

provided(that)+從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。

Hewillsignthecontractprovidedweoffermorefavorableterms.如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件,他就會(huì)在合同上簽字。Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovidedthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.如果我們提前征求一下他的意見(jiàn),他就不會(huì)在會(huì)上反對(duì)我們。另外還有incase,as/solongasIncaseitrains,donotexpectme.如若下雨,就不要等我了。Aslongasyoupromisetocome,I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucome.只要你答應(yīng),我就等你來(lái)。從上述例句可以看出if,unless,oncondition(that),supposing,provided等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,主從句條件關(guān)系分明,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。但有些句子,雖沒(méi)有含條件關(guān)系的連詞,卻也隱含著條件關(guān)系,這些句子常用一些詞,如butfor,without等引出一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示條件,條件常常是虛擬的,或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。如:butfor若非,要不是Butfortherain,weshouldhaveapleasantjourney.要不是下雨,我們的旅行肯定會(huì)很愉快。Butforyourhelp,weshouldnothavefinishedintime.要不是你幫忙,我們肯定不能及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。Findmoreexamplesofsentenceswithiforwheninthepassage.Thekey:1)Ifourrighthandisbusygreetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdingaweapon.2)Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrustthem.3)Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal.4)Whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandovertheleftandbowslightly.MatchthetwopartsofthesesentencesaboutbodylanguageinEuropeorAmerica.1.

Whenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime.2.Ifyousaygoodbyetosomeone3.

Whenyoushowsomeonetheway4.

Ifyounodyourhead5.

Whenyouenterahouse6.

IfyoushakeyourheadA.youusuallymeanno.B.youusuallypointC.youoftenwavetolearnD.youdon’ttakeyourshoesoffE.youshakehandswiththemF.youusuallymeanyes.Thekey:1)E2)C3)B4)F5)D6)Aa.

Ifyoumeetsomeoneyouusuallyshakehis/herhand.b.WhatshallIdoifI’minvitedtodinner?c.

Unlessyou’reveryunluckyyou’llsoonthinkofsomething.Lookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.1.Whichsentencesreferstoanormaleverydaysituation?2.Whichsentencesreferstoapossibilityinthefuture?3.Whichwordinthethirdsentencemeanif…not?Thekey:1.a2.b3.unless1.

Ifyou____acake,yourhost______verypleased.(take,be)2.

Unlesstheweather___better,I_______athome.(get,stay)3.

He____homeearlyifhe__________well.(go,notfeel)takewillbegetswillstaygoesdoesn’tfeelIfIseeherI’llinvitehertotheparty.(see,invite)Exer