經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！一SpaceResearchPros:1.Theoldestandpurestoftheargumentsforspaceexplorationistheadvancementofscienceandtechnology.2.Wewillgointospace,nottobringbackthingswhichmakeusricherormorecomfortablehereonEarth.Wewillgotheretoliveandmakeitourhome.3.Theexplorationtotheuniverseisahighideal–spacetrulyisthefinalfrontier.4.Theinstincttoexploreisfundamentallyhuman;alreadysomeofourmostamazingachievementshavetakenplaceinspace.5.Noonecandenythesenseofwonder.6.Theexploitationofspacehasdirectlychangedourworld.SatellitesorbitingtheEarthallowustocommunicateinstantaneouslywithpeopleondifferentcontinents,andtobroadcasttopeopleallovertheworld.7.Weathersatellitessavelivesbygivingadvancewarningofadverseconditions,andtogetherwithotherscientificinstrumentsinorbittheyhavehelpedusunderstandourownworldbetter.8.Spaceexplorationisaninvestmentinthefuture.Ourworldisrapidlyrunningoutofresources.Overpopulationcouldbecomeaseriousworldwidethreat.9.Spaceexplorationopenusnewworldandaddstoourknowledge,enablinghumanbeingtoknowmoreabouttheuniverseaswellasabouttheearth.10.Spaceexplorationhelpstoacquirenewresourcestomitigatetheenergycrisis(shortage).Theremaybesomenewkindsofnaturalresourceinotherplanets.11.Spaceexplorationmayfindnewlivingplacesforhumanbeingtosolvetheproblemofoverpopulation.Thereispossibilitythatonedaymankindmayemigratetootherplanets.12.Spaceexplorationisnecessaryforfuture.Ifwewanttoprogressintheworldthenweshouldcontinuespaceexploration.二ProsandConsofTourismPros:1.Itisregardedasapillarofkeylocaleconomicdevelopment.2.Theboomingtouristindustryhascreatedmorejobopenings.Manypeoplehavesaidgood-byetopovertythroughinvolvementintouristbusinesses.3.Thetouristindustryhasplayedapositiveroleinmeetingtheculturalneedsofthepublic,carryingforwardnationalcultureandachievingthesustainabledevelopmentofresources.4.Tourismhelpstobetterintroducethecountrytoforeignersandshowcasethebrillianthistoryandculturetotheoutsideworld.5.Tourismhelpstoimprovetheinvestmentenvironmentsoastoattractmoreforeigninvestors.6.Touristscantakepleasureinthemagnificentnaturallandscape,appreciatethesuperiorworkmanshipofancientartistsandenjoyavarietyoflocaldelicacies(specialties).Manytouristattractionsofferawealthofhistoricalrelics,fascinatingsceneryandinterestinglocalculture.7.Tourismhelpstopromotethecateringtrade,transportationserviceandcommerce.8.Tourismistheworld’slargestandfastergrowingindustry.Accordingtorecentstatistics,tourismprovides10percentoftheworld’sincomeandemploysalmostone-tenthofworld’sworkforce.Bytheyear2010,thesenumberswilldouble.Allconsidered,tourism’sactualandpotentialeconomicimpactisastounding.9.Tourismencouragesthepreservationofidentify,prideandvalueinourlivingconditionsandtheculturallegacyofgenerationsindangerofextinction.10.Tourismcontributestotherevivalofcustomsandtraditions.11.Tourismbringsnewmoneyintoanareaandgeneratesjobs,incomeandtaxrevenues.Cons:1.Contactwithandassimilationofothercultureswillreducetheuniquenessofone’sowncultureandmaketheworldlesscolorfulthanbefore.2.Underminelocaltraditionsandwaysoflife.3.Tourismmaycauseseriousenvironmentalpollution.三MuseumsandGalleriesPurposes:1.Museumandrelatedheritageinstitutionsprovidepeoplewithanenhancedawarenessofourdiverseheritageandourplaceintheworld.Theypromoteunderstandingandappreciationofourdiversecultures,landscapes,storiesandexperiences.2.Museumscontributetotheenrichmentofthelivesofpeople.3.Guaranteetheavailabilityanduseofthecollectionsinresearchandteaching.4.Collectionsandexhibitionsreflecttheculturalandsocialdiversity.5.Museumsandgalleriesmakeanimportantcontributiontoeducation,scholarship,citizenship,socialinclusionandtourism.6.Generallypromotethepublic’senjoymentandunderstandingofpaintingandotherfineartbothbymeansofthecollectionandbysuchothermeansastheyconsiderappropriate.HowtoSupportandDeveloptheMuseumandGallery:1.Thegovernmentsetsupmorestatefundedmuseumsandartschool.2.Increaseeducationpersonnelandfacilitiesinmuseumsandgalleries,aswellassupportschoolswiththecostofvisits.3.Weshouldactivelyseektoattractadditionalsourcesoffundinginordertoincreasethetotalpoolofmoneyavailable.4.Museumsshouldbetakentoraisestandardsofcollectioncareormanagement.5.Thegovernmentshouldrefundthosemuseumandgallerieswhichofferfreeadmissionstothepublic.6.Seekthefinancialsupportofcorporations,non-profitfoundationsandindividualswhoshareitsgoalofpreservingtheculturallegacyofthemuseums.四TVandFilmsPositiveSide:1.Televisionisoneofthemostimportantformsofentertainmentandcommunication.2.Televisionhasthepowertoeducateandtoentertain.3.Thereisprobablynogreaterinfluenceonsocietythanthetelevision,whichhassaturatedourlives.4.ChildrenwatchTVtoreceivethedailynews.5.TVplaysabigroleinachild’slife.Itteachesthemnewwordsandshowsthemthingstheyhaveneverseenbefore.6.TheTVwasbroughtintoourworldtogiveusanewsenseofentertainment,worldnewsandendlessamountsofinformation.7.Televisioncanalsopromotepro-socialbehavior.8.Televisioncanexertitsstrongestpro-socialinfluenceintheareaoflearningandcognitivedevelopment.NegativeSide:1.AchildwhooftenindulgesinTVdoesn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrealityandfantasy.2.Childrenhaveundevelopedminds,whichcannotconceivetheinformationthesamewaythatadultsdo.3.Givenournationaltelevisionhabit,itisnosurprisethatweareraisingthemostsedentaryandmostoverweightgenerationofyoungstersinhistory.4.ThehealthconsequencesofthisoverabundanceofTVviewingincludeanincreaseinobesityamongkidsduetoasedentarylifestyle,andtheflipside,anincreaseindietingdisordersduetotheunrealisticexpectationssetupbythinactorsontelevisionshowsandcommercials.五AdvertisingFor:1.Advertisingpromotesandpopularizesnewproductsandgivepeopleeverywherethemaximumchoiceofproductsandchoice.2.Someadvertisementsareofhighartisticvalue,originalandwell-designedwithvividpicturesandwittylanguage,artisticphotographyandwittyslogan;thereforetheyaddtothebeautyofourlives.Theyareaparindispensabletomodernsociety.3.ngbringsconveniencetopeople’slives.4.Advertisingplaysanimportantroleinoureconomiclifeandisindispensabletotheconsumersociety.5.Itisakindofvisualenjoymenttolookatsomewittyworksofadvertisingwhichaddbeautytothecityscape.Against:1.Someleafletsandhandoutsarescatteredhereandthere,pollutingtheenvironment.Theyareregardedasrubbishandablemishonthelandscapeofthecity.Theydisfigureourcities,2.Advertisementsarenotalwaystruthful,andaproductisoftenmisrepresented,falseanddeceptive.Manyadvertisementsarefictitious,exaggerating,misleadingandflyinginthefaceoftruth.3.Advertisementsareaninsidiousformofbrainwashing.Somearemisleadandtendtoinducepeopletospendmoreandcreatedemandforthingswedonotneed.4.ItisverydisturbingthatTVprogramsareinterruptedbyadvertisements,andmailboxesarestuffedwithrubbish.NuisancetoTVviewers:constantinterruptionspoilstheviewing.Wecandonothingbutacceptitpassively.WillComputersReplaceHumanTeachers?1.Computersarecoldimpersonaldevicesandtheyrelatetochildrenasthoughtheyaremachines—withoutlove,care,orfeeling.2.Childrenwhousecomputerswilllearntocommunicatewithmachinesinsteadofpeople.Thereisariskwewillcreateagenerationofsocialilliterates.Thereissometruthtothestereotypical“computernerd”.3.Teacher-directedlearningisunderpinnedbypersonalawarenessandafocusonstudents.IT-directedfocusisimpersonal.4.Withinaclassof25children,theremaybe25variables.Thesevariablesareunderstoodbyteachersbutnotbycomputer-generatedandcontrolledprograms.5.Classroomteachersbecomeawareofstudentlearningdifficultiesandfoibles.6.Computerspresentprogramsthatcannotbeaccommodated.Personalizedshiftsdonothappen.7.Computer-generatedlearningplacesallstudentsinthegroupontothesameprogram,atthesamepoint,progressingthemasacollective.Individualdifferencesarenotrecognized.8.Havingateacherintheclassroomposesmanyopportunitiesforthestudentstolearnlife’sbasics.9.Havingphysicalteachersintheclassroomsisadvantageousbecausetheycanteachpersonalinteraction,reading,andteamwork.Andcomputercannotteachthesethings.10.Therecanbeconfusionbetweenrealityandfantasy,六ProblemsProbablyConfrontingafreshmanPossibleProblems:1.Psychologicalproblemssuchasloneliness,homesicknessandinadaptability.2.Languageproblemssuchasinabilitytounderstandthelocaldialect.3.Localfoodsdisagreeabletoone’staste.4.Cannotadapttotheclimateverywell.SuggestedSolutions:1.Acollegeorientationsessionshouldbeheldtofamiliarizethefreshmenwiththeexcitingschoollife.2.Somespecialadvisoryandconsultativecommitteesshouldbeestablishedtomeetthepsychologicalneedsofthenewstudents.3.Seniorsstudentsshouldbecalledontoofferhelptotheirnewyoungerschoolfellows.4.Differentkindsoffoodsandaccommodationshouldbeavailabletostudentsfromdifferentplacesandbackgrounds.5.Somecampusactivitiesinvolvingnewandoldstudents’participationshouldbeorganizedtofamiliarizethenewwiththecampuslife,suchasawelcomepartytobeheldbytheschoolauthorities.6.Freshshouldtrytobeindependentandself-reliant.7.Keepregularemotionalcontactswithone’sfamilymembersandformerclassmates.8.Activeparticipationinthecampuslifeisessentialtoremovinglonelinessanddisorientation.七PocketMoney1.Helpthechildrenunderstandthevalueofmoneyandhowtousethemoneyresponsibly.2.Themoneyparentsgivehelpthechildrenlearntomanagemoney,andtheycanunderstandhowbudgeting,savingandinterestwork.Inthisway,theycandevelopwisespendinghabits.3.Ithelpsraiseamoney-savvychild.4.Cultivateaspiritofindependenceandlearningtomakedecisiononone’sown.5.Suchgoal-settinghelpschildrenlearntobecomeresponsibleforthemselves.6.Childrenarewillinglearners,andyouwillfindbygivingpocketmoney,youcangetthemveryinterestedinwholeprocessofbuildingahealthysavingforthefuture.7.Youngchildrenespeciallyenjoywatchingthemoneybuildupintheirpiggybanks,andtheylovetotakeitoutandcountit.Thisisagreatopportunitytoteachyourchildthedifferentdenominationsinourcurrency,andwhateachcoinandbillisworth.8.Itisthebeastwaytointroduceyourchildtotheconceptofsaving.9.Moneymanagementisseldomtaughtinschools;itisuptotheparentstoeducatetheirchildreninthisveryimportantlifeskill.10.Itisawaytohelpeducatechildrenaboutpersonalfinanceandmanagingmoney.11.Parentsdon’thavetoworryaboutbeingconstantlyaskedtobuythingsforthekids.12.Childrencanlearnhowandwhytosavemoney.八ToPlay,ortoCompete?1.Organizedsportsactivitiesbringdamageratherthanbenefitstochildrenbothphysicallyandpsychologically.2.Physically,astheyarestillatthestageofdevelopingbodies,hardexercisesandtoughplayingwillbeinappropriateforthem.3.Psychologically,winningandlosing—thekeynoteofadultlife---maymeantooheavyaburdenforchildrenwhoshouldhavefunandenjoythegameatthatage.4.Theprimarygoalofaprofessionalathlete–winning–isnotappropriateforchildren.Theirgoalshouldbehavingfun,learning,andbeingwithfriends.5.Childrenwillbenefitmorefromthoseprogramsemphasizingfitness,self-esteem,cooperation,sportsmanship,andindividualperformance.6.Besidesphysicalhazardsandanxieties,competitivesportsposepsychologicaldangersforchildren.九NatureorNurture1.Learningisveryimportantindeterminingwhoweare.2.Youcan’tchangeyourgenes,butyoucanchoosehowtoliveyourlife.3.Ifwetakeidenticaltwins,andgiveonethebestenvironmentpossible,andputtheotheroneinclosetforeighteenyears,thedifferenceswillbeprofound,andcausedtotallybyenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenthetwochildren,4.Identicaltwinslivinginparalleluniversesdonotnecessarilyleadidenticallives.5.Environmentismoreinfluential.6.Thereisalsosubstantialproofthatanindividual’senvironmentaffectshismentalaptitude.7.Itisoftendifficulttoseparatelearningfromourbiologybecausewebeginlearningatthemomentweareborn.8.Biologycertainlydeterminespartofwhatweare,butwestartlearningassoonasweareconceived.9.Wehardlyseparatebiologicallydeterminedbehaviorfromlearnedbehavior.10.Socializationislearning.Socializationreferstoalllearningregardlessofsettingorageoftheindividual.11.Aperson’sentireenvironmentseemstobemoreeffectualindetermininghismentalabilitythanheredityis.12.Experimentssuchastheseonesprovethataperson’senvironmentcanhaveacrucialeffectonhimandonhismannerofthinking.13.AstudydoneinGreatBritaininthelate1980sshowsthatnutritionplaysaverylargeroleinaperson’sdevelopment.14.Starvingpeopleacrosstheglobeshowwhylackofnutrientsinhumanbodiescanstuntmentalevolutionsaswellasphysicalgrowth.15.Uniqueenvironmentalfactors(uniquetochildrenrearedtogether)causedifferencesinbehavior.十HowtoManageStressThePresentSituationandItsEffects:1.Stressisyourreactiontosomethingyouconsiderachallengeorathreat.Stressisanaturalpartoflife.Modernpeoplearestressedoutorundertoomuchstress.2.Stressisanaturalpartoflife.3.Stressishardtodefinebecauseitmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;however,itisclearthatmoststressisanegativefeelingratherthanapositivefeeling.4.Despitethehighlydevelopedmateriallife,modernpeopleareleadinganunprecedentedstressfullife.5.Somestressorsaresopowerfulthattheywouldevokesignificantemotionaldistressinmostmentallyhealthypeople,andtriggermentaldisorders.Causes:1.Youmayfeelphysicalstresswhichistheresultoftoomuchtodo,notenoughsleep,apoordietortheeffectsofanillness.2.Nowadaysthesocialcompetitionisbecomingfiercerandeveryonewantstocopewithadversityandtoflourishintheireducation,vocation,andpersonalrelationships.Solutions:1.Ifyourstressischronic,itmayrequiremoreattentionandlifestylechanges.2.Exercise.Regularexerciseisapopularwaytorelievestress.Twentytothirtyminutesofphysicalactivitybenefitsboththebodyandthemind.3.Hobbies.Takeabreakfromyourworriesbydoingsomethingyouenjoy.Whetheritisgardeningorpainting,scheduletimetoindulgeyourinterest.4.Healthylifestyle.Goodnutritionmakesadifference.Limitintakeofcaffeineandalcohol,getadequaterest,exercise,andbalanceworkandplay.5.Shareyourfeelings.Aconversationwithafriendletsyouknowthatyouarenottheonlyonehavingabadday,caringforasickchildorworkinginabusyoffice.Stayintouchwithfriendsandfamily.Letthemprovidelove,supportandguidance.Don’ttrytocopealone.6.Lowerdemandsyouputonyourself.Livefortoday.Don’tdwellinthepastofworryaboutthefuture.7.Developotherintereststhatwillhelpyouforgetaboutyourproblemsforawhile.Sportsworkforsomepeople,reading,exercisingorsocializingforothers.十一CarnivorousDietorVegetarianDietCarnivorousDiet:1.Humanbeingsareapartofthefoodchain,andeatingmeatisnatural.Sothen,howcaneatingmeatbewrong?2.Humansaretypeofanimalandeatingmeatisnormalandsimplyapartoflife.3.Animalsprovideessentialproteinforthehumanbody.Proteinisbiologicallyessential,foreverylivingcreatureneedsacertainamounttosurvive.4.Vegetariansdonotgetenoughmineralsandvitaminsasaresultoftheirlimiteddiet.5.Itishardenoughforvegetarianstostayhealthyinourtechnologicallyadvancedsociety.6.Eatingplatsisalsocausingpainordiscomforttotheplants.Youonlyhavetocheckoutlaboratoryexperimentsthatplantsfeelpain.十二ShouldSmokingBeBannedinAllPublicPlaces?1.Second-handtobaccosmokecanbedeadlyaswell.2.Cigarettesmokecontainsabout4000chemicals,about50ofwhichareknowncancer-causingagents.3.Onlyonesmokermakesamajority,asthesmokerspreadsandfillsallspaceavailable.4.Governmentsshouldpasslawtoprotectpeopleandplacecontrolsonactionsthatharmothers.5.Damagingone’shealthisviewedasapersonalliberty;damagingsomeoneelse’shealthmaynot.6.Smokinginpublicplacesconstitutesarealhazardtonon-smokers.7.Smokingendangerspeople’shealth.Smokersaremorelikelytosufferfrombronchitisandlungcancerandhaveahigherriskofdevelopingotherkindsofcancer.8.Smokingmayposeapotentialfirehazardforsmokersarecarelessaboutthecigarettebutts.9.Smokingmaycausediseasessuchascancersandbronchitis.10.Foryearscigaretteshavebeenknowntocausecancer,emphysema,andotherhorribleillnesses.11.Smokingnotonlydoesharmtothehealthofsmokersbutalsoaffectsthehealthofnon-smokersaroundthembecausenon-smokersareforcedtotakeinsomepoisonoussubstanceswhichsmokersblowintotheair.12.Familiescouldsavemoneybynotpurchasingcigarettes;andaccidentalfirescostingmillionsofdollarscausedbycigaretteswouldcease.13.Witheverycigaretteyousmoke,youarecausingdamagetoyourhealth.14.Everycigaretteyousmokereducesyourlifespanby11minutes.十三Littering/RubbishProblemPresentSituation:1.Theroadsscatteredwithallsortsoftrashareadisgraceandtherailwaylinearelitteredwithdecayingrubbish.2.Onethirdofallwasteproducedismadeupofpackagingmaterials.3.Litterattractsvermin,causesafirehazard,polluteswaterwaysanddetractsfromtheamenityofpublicparksandgardens.4.Whatwearedoingnowiswastefulofresourcesandunfriendlytotheenvironment.5.Peopleshowanappallingdisregardfortheenvironment.Theyhavenorespectfortheenvironment.6.Welackadequatefacilitiestodisposeofrubbishofallkinds.Forinstance,notmanydustbinsareseenalongstreets.7.Thequickeningtempoofmodernlifestylealsocontributespartlytotheincreasingrubbishproblem,becausemanypeopleprefertakeawayfastfoodandtheuseofdisposableitemsfortheconvenience’ssake.8.Disposablepackaginganditemsbecomefashionablethesedays,frombabynappiestomilkcartonstoburgerwrappers.9.Wearenowlivinginaconsumer-orientedsociety.Solutions:1.Publicactivitiesshouldbesponsoredbygovernmenttopromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Makesurethateveryoneisaconsciouspreserver.2.Ourgovernmentshouldtakestrongerandharshermeasurestocombatthelitteringbehavior.3.Useenvironmentally-friendlymaterials.4.Minimallypackagedgoodsshouldbeencouraged.5.Therubbishshouldbeclassifiedscientificallysothattheprocedurecanachievehighefficiency.6.Peopleshouldlearntorecycle.Forinstance,weshouldsetupbinsaroundtowntocollectglass,paper,andaluminumthatcanbeconvertedbackintorawmaterials,thenmadethemintonewproducts.十四HowtoSolvetheTrafficProblemPresentSituationandCause:1.Everydaytherearemanytrafficjamseverywhere,causinggreatinconveniencestopeople’sdailylives.2.Toomanycarsrunningonthestreetsleadtoairpollutionandnoisepollution.3.Therearemorevehiclesthanthestreetscanaccommodate.4.Theconstructionofnewroadsisveryslow.5.Manydriversdonotobeyregulation.Peoplelackadequateawarenessoftheseriousnessoftrafficproblem.Solutions:1.MoreandWiderroadsshouldbelaiddowntorelievethetrafficcongestion.2.Buildmoreundergroundrailwayandtunnelsandunderpass.3.Issuestrictertrafficlawsandregulations,imposemoresevereandharsherpenaltyontheviolator.4.Raisethepublicawarenessofthetrafficregulations.Popularizetheeducationoftrafficregulations;improvethequalityofthecitizens.5.Buildupbetterpublictransportationsystems,includingbuses,trainsandsubway,willencouragemorepeopletousethemratherthandrivetheirowncars.十五TheProsandConsofBikesBenefits:1.Fitness:Bikingletyouincorporatelowstressaerobicexerciseintoyourdailycommute.2.Parking:Forgetaboutparkingheadache.Ridingabicycleletsyouparkmuchclosertoyourdestinationthanacar.3.Theenvironmentbenefitsincludereducedpollutionandreducedresourceconsumption(lessmaterial,fuel,andinfrastructure).4.Bicyclesincreasemobilityforthosewhodon’thaveaccesstomotortransport(whodon’tqualifytodriveacar).5.Reduceenergyconsumption.6.Oneofthemostpositiveimpactsofbicyclingisimprovedhealth.7.Moderateexercisesuchasbicyclingcanoffermajorhealthbenefits.8.Beyondphysicalhealth,bicyclinghelpstorelieve;tofightoffdepressionandanxiety;andtoenhanceyoursenseofwell-being.9.Itisalsoalotmoreeconomicaltorideabikethantodriveacar.TheCloningTechnology1.Cloningisunnaturalandnotethicallycorrect.2.Cloningcreatesseriousissuesofidentifyandindividualityandforceshumanstoconsiderthedefinitionofself.3.Itleadstothepsychologicalharmsonclonedhumanchildren.Oneofthoseharmsisthelossofidentify,orsenseofuniquenessandindividuality.4.Thestrongestethicalargumentagainstcloningisthatitcouldleadtoanew,unfamiliartypeoffamilyrelationship.5.Anotherargumentagainstcloningisthatitwouldbeavailableonlytothewealthyandthereforewouldincreasesocialinequality.betweenfactandmyth如何應(yīng)對法律及犯罪類的寫作考題A類的雅思大作文大致可以分為教育，社會(huì)，科技，政府政目。截至到目前為止（08年12月22日），在08年的1月12日，8月16日以及10月11日的考試均出現(xiàn)了法律，犯罪的題在備考中沒有進(jìn)行合理有效的對此類話題具有針對性的總結(jié)和及的一些常見話題給大家從其內(nèi)容，語言逐一進(jìn)行分析一，是否應(yīng)該有死刑？-Cancapitalpunishment(deathpenalty)everbejustified?眼了。關(guān)于這個(gè)話題，大致可以分成以下這幾個(gè)分論點(diǎn)來展開：Argumentsagainstcapitalpunishment：者生命挽回，或者賠償其所遭受的傷害Capitalpunishment,whicheventhoughmanagestobringthecriminalstojustice,couldbynomeanscompensateforphysical,mentalandpsychologicalsufferingsinflictedonvictims,orinsomeextremecases,bringbacktheirlives.權(quán)）Itisentirelyunjustifiedtodepriveoneofhis/herrightstoliveregardlessofhowinsanelysevereandcrueltheoffenseshe/shehascommittedare.（Thissubjectmatterhasboiledtothecontroversialissueofhumanrights）個(gè)非常具有爭議的道德問題。Howthebodyofthedeceasedcriminalisgoingtobedisposedof(us