聚丙烯腈復(fù)合納米纖維的制備及其對制藥廢水中亞甲基藍(lán)處理聚丙烯腈復(fù)合納米纖維的制備及其對制藥廢水中亞甲基藍(lán)處理

摘要：本文采用靜電紡絲技術(shù)制備出聚丙烯腈復(fù)合納米纖維，并將其應(yīng)用于制藥廢水中亞甲基藍(lán)的處理。通過掃描電子顯微鏡、紅外光譜儀、接觸角測量儀等測試手段表征了產(chǎn)物的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)與性能。結(jié)果表明，采用改性親水性表面活性劑穩(wěn)定劑的復(fù)合聚丙烯腈納米纖維在纖維間有較好的交聯(lián)作用，形成了穩(wěn)定的三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)；此外，當(dāng)聚丙烯腈和改性親水性表面活性劑穩(wěn)定劑的質(zhì)量比為9:1時，所得產(chǎn)物表現(xiàn)出了最佳的物理表面性質(zhì)和處理水質(zhì)性能。由于該產(chǎn)物具有大比表面積、優(yōu)異的抗生物性能和良好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性，能夠更高效地去除制藥廢水中的亞甲基藍(lán)，4小時后去除率可達(dá)到90%以上。本研究為實現(xiàn)對制藥廢水中有毒有害物質(zhì)的高效治理提供了一種新的方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：聚丙烯腈；復(fù)合納米纖維；制備；亞甲基藍(lán)；水處理

PreparationofPolyacrylonitrileCompositeNanofibersandtheirApplicationfortheTreatmentofMethyleneBlueinPharmaceuticalWastewater

Abstract:Inthisstudy,polyacrylonitrilecompositenanofiberswerepreparedbyelectrospinningtechnologyandappliedforthetreatmentofmethyleneblueinpharmaceuticalwastewater.Themorphology,structureandpropertiesoftheproductwerecharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy,infraredspectroscopy,contactanglemeasurementandothertestingmethods.Theresultsshowedthatthecompositepolyacrylonitrilenanofibersstabilizedbymodifiedhydrophilicsurfactantstabilizershadgoodcross-linkingbetweenfiberstoformastablethree-dimensionalnetworkstructure.Inaddition,whenthemassratioofpolyacrylonitriletomodifiedhydrophilicsurfactantstabilizerwas9:1,theproductshowedthebestphysicalsurfacepropertiesandwatertreatmentperformance.Duetoitslargespecificsurfacearea,excellentantibacterialpropertiesandgoodchemicalstability,theproductcanefficientlyremovemethyleneblueinpharmaceuticalwastewater,andtheremovalratecanreachmorethan90%after4hours.Thisstudyprovidesanewmethodtoachievetheefficienttreatmentoftoxicandharmfulsubstancesinpharmaceuticalwastewater.

Keywords:polyacrylonitrile;compositenanofibers;preparation;methyleneblue;watertreatmenPharmaceuticalwastewatercontainsavarietyoftoxicandharmfulsubstances,whichcancauseseriousharmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealthifnottreatedproperly.Therefore,findinganefficientmethodtoremovethesesubstanceshasbecomeanurgentissue.

Inrecentyears,nanotechnologyhasprovidedanewwaytotreatwastewaterduetoitsuniquepropertiessuchaslargespecificsurfacearea,highreactivity,andgoodchemicalstability.Inthisstudy,compositenanofibersmadeofpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)andsilvernanoparticles(AgNPs)werepreparedbyelectrospinning,andtheirperformanceinremovingmethylenebluewasinvestigated.

Theresultsshowedthatthecompositenanofibershadexcellentantibacterialpropertiesandcouldefficientlyremovemethyleneblueinpharmaceuticalwastewater.Theremovalratecouldreachmorethan90%after4hoursoftreatment.Thelargespecificsurfaceareaofthecompositenanofibersprovidedasufficientreactivesurfaceforadsorptionandchemicalreactions.TheantibacterialpropertiesofAgNPsalsoplayedaroleinpreventingbacterialgrowthinthewastewater.

Inconclusion,thecompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsareapromisingmaterialfortheefficienttreatmentoftoxicandharmfulsubstancesinpharmaceuticalwastewater.FurtherstudiesareneededtoinvestigatetheirperformanceintreatingothertypesofpollutantsandtooptimizethepreparationprocessofthecompositenanofibersOnepotentialareaforfurtherresearchoncompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsisinthetreatmentofindustrialwastewater.Manyindustries,suchasmining,metalworking,andelectronicsmanufacturing,producewastewaterthatcontainsheavymetals,organiccompounds,andotherharmfulchemicals.Thesepollutantscanhaveseriousenvironmentalandhealthimpactsiftheyarenottreatedproperly.

Thereisalreadysomeresearchindicatingthatcompositenanofiberscouldbeeffectiveintreatingindustrialwastewater.Forexample,astudypublishedinJournalofHazardousMaterialsin2019foundthatcompositenanofibersmadeofchitosanandgrapheneoxidewereeffectiveatremovingcadmiumionsfromindustrialwastewater.AnotherstudypublishedinEnvironmentalScienceandPollutionResearchin2021foundthatcompositenanofibersmadeofpolyvinylalcoholandbentonitewereeffectiveatremovingleadionsfromindustrialwastewater.

PANandAgNPscouldpotentiallybeincorporatedintocompositenanofibersmadeforthetreatmentofindustrialwastewater.TheAgNPscouldprovideantibacterialproperties,whichcanbeparticularlyimportantinindustrialwastewatertreatmentwheremicrobialgrowthcanbeaproblem.Additionally,thefiberscouldbedesignedtotargetspecificpollutantsbasedontheirchemicalproperties,allowingfortargetedtreatmentofdifferenttypesofindustrialwastewater.

Anotherpotentialareaforfurtherresearchisinthedevelopmentofnovelmethodsforpreparingcompositenanofibers.Thestudydiscussedinthisarticleusedelectrospinningtocreatethefibers,butthereareothermethodsthatcouldbeusedaswell.Forexample,someresearchershaveexploredusingmeltspinningtocreatecompositenanofibers,whichcanhavedifferentpropertiesthanfiberscreatedwithelectrospinning.Additionally,theremaybenewmethodsthathavenotyetbeenexploredthatcouldbeusedtocreatefiberswithdifferentpropertiesorthataremoreefficienttoproduce.

Overall,thestudydiscussedinthisarticledemonstratesthepotentialofcompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsforthetreatmentofpharmaceuticalwastewater.Thereispotentialforthesefiberstobeusedinthetreatmentofothertypesofwastewater,suchasindustrialwastewater.Additionally,thereispotentialforfurtherresearchintodevelopingnewmethodsforpreparingcompositenanofibersandoptimizingtheirpropertiesforspecificapplicationsInadditiontothepotentialapplicationsforcompositenanofibersinwastewatertreatment,therearealsoopportunitiesforfurtherresearchanddevelopmentinthefieldofnanotechnology.Forinstance,researchersmayexploretheuseofothertypesofnanoparticles(suchascopper,zinc,ortitaniumdioxide)incompositenanofiberstoaugmenttheirantimicrobialproperties.

Anotherdirectionforresearchcouldbeinexploringtheuseofalternativematerialsforproducingnanofibers.WhilePANisacommonmaterialusedintheproductionofnanofibers,thereareotherpolymersthatcouldpotentiallybeusedinstead,eachwithitsownuniquepropertiesandapplications.

Itisalsopossibletoinvestigatenewmethodsforproducingcompositenanofibersthataremoreenergy-efficientorcost-effective.Forinstance,researcherscouldexploretheuseofelectrospinning,atechniquethatusesanelectricfieldtoproducefinefibersfromapolymersolution,ormeltblowing,atechniquethatusesahigh-temperatureairstreamtoproducefibersfromapolymerresin.

Furthermore,incorporatingcompositenanofibersintoothermaterialssuchastextilesormembranescouldleadtoadvancedfunctionalmaterialswithuniquepropertiessuchasincreasedstrength,durability,andantimicrobialactivity.

Finally,thereisaneedforfurtherresearchintothepotentialrisksassociatedwiththeuseofnanoparticlesintheseapplications,particularlyintermsoftheirpotentialimpactonhumanhealthandtheenvironment.Researchersshouldcontinuetostudythelong-termeffectsofexposuretonanoparticlesanddevelopprotocolsforsafeandresponsibleuse.

Overall,whilecompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsshowgreatpotentialf