2021-2022年山西省忻州市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

ItwasreportedthatSudanesePresidentOmarA1-BashirrequestedthattheSudaneseprisonersheldatGuantanamoBaybe______.

2.

ThekeythatU.S.holdstospreaditscultureacrosstheworldisitsdominationof______.

3.

ThePineIslandGlacierisenteringtheoceanatarateof______.

4.

WhenathleteswonintheOlympicgames,theyenjoyedvariousprivilegesforthemto______.

5.

Ifamemberoftheeurorunsabudgedeficitof4.0percent,itwillbecharged______________________oftheirGDPbytheStabilityandGrowthPact.

6.

IfpeoplewanttospendtheirholidaysclimbingthemountainsandtakingawalkinWales,theyshouldgoto______.

7.

Thewebwilljustbeanintegralpartoflife,itwillbeareflextoturntothewebforshopping,education,entertainmentand______.

8.

Peoplefrequentlysufferingfromsleeprestrictiontendto______.

A.livelonger

B.losemuchweight

C.eatlessfood

D.growanxiousanddepressed

9.Governmentinsuranceprogramsdonotinclude______.

A.Latinochildren

B.Hispanicpeople

C.low-incomeadults

D.undocumentedimmigrants

10.

Ifyouwanttohavethesamekindoflivingasaretiree,youmayspend20%lessmonthlythanyoudonowbecause______.

A.olderpeopletendtobemorefrugal

B.expensesinvolvedinworkaresaved

C.publictransportationwillbecheaperthen

D.olderpeoplecandotheirowncleaningthen

11.

Laptopsequippedwith______canallowtheirownerstotemporarilydealwithofficeworkinsomepublicplaces.

12.

Ifyourinfant_____________hasatemperatureof100.2degreesormore,youshouldcallyourphysician.

13.Whatistheonehugeproblemthatwehaven'treallysolved?

A.Globalwarming.

B.Acidrain.

C.Toxicemission.

D.Environment.

14.

MostofAntarcticaappearstobeimmunetothebigmeltfornowbecauseit'slargelyinsulatedfromglobaltrendsandit'ssobigastogenerate______.

15.

Intheauthor'sopinion,theoptionsuggestedbyhimwillhavea(n)______significanceinsolvingthenuclearissuesoftheworld.

16.

Yourdivorceapplicationcanbeacceptedifyoumakeitinhalfayearafteryoufindanyadulteryofyourspouse.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Howdidcableproviderssolvetheproblemoftheearliestcablesystems?

A.Theystrategicallyplacedantennaswithverylongcablesconnectingtosubscribers'televisionsets.

B.Theymadethesignalfromtheantennatravelthroughthelengthofcable.

C.Theyinsertedamplifiersatregularintervals.

D.Theyincreasedthelengthofcable.

18.

ThetorchrelaywasbroughtbacktotheOlympicsinBerlinin1936,theflamelitinOlympia,Greece.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Thewaterpiledupbythehurricaneiscalled______.

20.Thepassageismainlyaboutwhyandhowtoplantmoretreestomakeuniversitiesbecomegreen.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：W:Dr.Weinstein,shouldparentslettheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

M:Ifparentsaregoingtolettheirkidsreadorwatchtelevisioncoverageofthewar,it'simportantforthemtoreadalongandhelptheirkidsinterpretwhatthey'rereadingorseeing.

Q:Whatshouldparentsdeiftheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

(16)

A.Toencouragethem.

B.Tostopthemimmediately.

C.Togivesomeexplanation.

D.Toleavethemalone.

22.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：I'msureyourealizethatyourresearchpapersaredueinsixweeks.I'velookedatyourproposedtopicsandmadecommentsaboutthem.Themostfrequentproblemwasproposingtoobroadatopic-remember,thisisonlyafifteenpaper.

AsIreturnyourtopicpapers,I'dliketolookovertheschedulewhichsketchesoutwhatwe'lldoduringthenexttwoweeks.TodayisMonday;byFriday,Iwantyourpreliminaryoutlines.PleasebesuretoincorporatethesuggestionsI'vemadeonyourtopicsinyouroutlines.NextweekI'llhaveaconferencewitheachofyou.I'vepostedascheduleonmyofficedoor'-signyournametoindicatethetimeyou'reavailableforanappointment.Intheconference,we'lldiscussyourpreliminaryoutline.Thenyoucanmakethenecessaryrevisionsandhandinyourfinaloutline,whichisduetwoweeksfromtoday.

Usetheoutlinestyle.inyourtextbookandrememberitshouldbenomorethantwopageslong.Besuretobeginwithathesisstatement-thatis,withaprecisestatementofthepointyouintendtoprove-andincludeaconclusion.

Haveyougotallthat?Yourtwopreliminaryoutlinesaredueattheendofthisweekandthefinaloutlinesaredueafteryourconferences.Followthetextbookstyle.andincludeathesisstatementandaconclusion.

(27)

A.Immediately.

B.Thefollowingweek.

C.Intwoweeks.

D.Attheendofthesemester.

23.【B1】

24.

【B11】

25.(43)

26.

【B10】

27.(29)

A.Tobreakthepreviousrecords.

B.Towinonemorechampionshipforhisteam.

C.Tobuyaluxuryhouse.

D.ToplayagainsttheNewYorkteamonceagain.

28.(15)

A.Theyarewaitressanddiner.

B.Theyareneighbors.

C.Theyarehusbandandwife.

D.Theyagebakerandcustomer.

29.(21)

A.Someinterestingcommercials.

B.Someperfectlookingwomancomplainedaboutthetribulations.

C.Somestupidsitcom.

D.Somewomanwentcrazyandkilledherhusband.

30.聽力原文：M:Hello.ThisisGregRicereportingliveinBarrow,Alaska.

W:Hello,Greg.Iseverythinggoingsmoothly?

M:Yes.I'vejustarrivedhereinBarrow,Alaska,tobringyoulivecoverageofwhatappearstobetheresultsofahugemeteoriteimpact,perhapsthelargestinrecenthistory,thatoccurredjusttwelvehoursago.Theexactlocationoftheimpactisunknown,butestimatesputitabout20kilometerssouthofBarrowbasedonshockwavesfeltthroughouttheregion.

W:Arethereanywitnesses?

M:Yeah.Somewitnessessaytheysawabrightlightstreakingthroughthesky,accompaniedbyaroaringboom,momentsbeforetheimpact.It'sunknownwhetherthereareanycasualties,butitisunlikelyconsideringthissparselypopulatedarea.

W:It'ssaidthatsuchimpactswerecommonplaceduringtheformationofoursolarsystem,andmanybelievethatameteorite10kilometersindiameterwhichcrashedintoEarth65millionyearsagoledtothemassextinctionofmanyanimalspeciesincludingthedinosaurs.

M:You'reright.ButitisoftendifficulttocalculatethenumberofsuchlargeimpactsonEarthbecauseerosionandvegetationmakeitdifficulttospotthem.Inrecentyears,astronomershavefocusedmoreoftheirattentiononthepathsofmanyunchartedspacerocksorasteroidsfloatingoutthereinthehopethatwemightbeabletodeterminethethreattheyposeonmankind...ThisisGregRicereportingfromAlaska.

W:Thanks,Greg...We'llkeepyouup-to-dateonanydevelopmentthere.

(23)

A.Analienspacecraftlanding.

B.Theimpactofameteorite.

C.Avolcaniceruption.

D.TheblizzardconditionsinAlaska.

31.(24)

A.Moremarketshare.

B.Jobsecurity

C.Increaseofproduction

D.Higherprofitability

32.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M：Paula,willyoubereadytoleaveateight?TheweatherisnotsogoodandI'mafraidtherewillbearain?

W：Noway.ThistimeImadeallthepreparationsthatuntilteno'clockIwon'tgohome．

Q：WhatdoesPaulamean?

(12)

A.Shedoesn'tknowwhentheywillgo.

B.Shebelievesthereisaroaddetour.

C.Shewon'tbereadyat8o'clock.

D.Shewantsthemantogoaway.

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

(27)

A.HesetupthefirstuniversityinAmerica.

B.HewasoneoftheearliestsettlersinAmerica.

C.HecanbestrepresentthespiritofearlyAmerica.

D.HewasthemostdistinguisheddiplomatinAmericanhistory.

34.【B8】

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M：Doyouwanttoturnontheairconditioneroropenthewindow?

W：Ilovefreshair,ifyoudon'tmind.

Q：Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman'sanswer?

(12)

A.She'dliketohavethewindowopen.

B.Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.

C.Theairisheavilypolluted.

D.Thewindowisalreadyopen.

36.聽力原文：W:Wouldyouliketogoandseeanewmoviewithus?

M:That'sthelastthingintheworldIwouldeverwanttodo.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(14)

A.Heisoftenaskedtogoandseemovies.

B.Hewouldliketogoandseethenewmovie.

C.Hewenttoseethemovielastmonth.

D.Heobviouslydoesn'twanttoseethemovie.

37.

【B5】

38.聽力原文：W:You'vewonhowmanydifferentboxingdivisions.'?Four?

M:It'sfive,yes.

W:Andyouareone'ofthegreatestchampionsofallthe6me.

M:I'manathlete.I'mafighter.ThisiswhatIdo.ThisiswhatIstillenjoy.Ithinkthatoneofthemainissueshereisthatfactthatbeingforty,peoplesay,"Youknow,youarefortyyearsold.Youshouldbeplayinggolf."

W:Yeah.

M:Ithinkthisisawholenewageandtime.Peoplearelivinglonger.Peopleareexercising.Peopleareeatingbetter.Ithinkweneedtore-definewhatoldageis.

W:Ithinkyouarejustgoingtomakemelookbad.

M:Well,Ididn'twanttosaythat.Thanksforhelpingme.

W:Letmetellyousomething,Ray.Thereisnofleshierorprettierguyinboxing,andeverybodylovesyou.

M:Well,thankyou.IactuallydesignedeachandeveryrobeIwouldwearintotheting,andmadesurethatitwassomewhatsymbolicoftheflight.

W:Well,maybethisonecouldjustsay,"I'mfortyandIcanstilldothis!"

M:Guyslisten,I'mfortyandI'magrandfatheralso.

W:That'stight!

M:Well,I'mveryhappy.I'vegotabeautifulgranddaughter,andlifegoeson.

(20)

A.Heisforty.

B.Hehastwogranddaughters.

C.Heisaboxer.

D.Hehaswonfiveboxingdivisions.

39.

【B8】

40.(28)

A.Theirpackagingofexportshavetoconform.toEUregulations.

B.Theyhavetocutoutwastecompletely.

C.Theymusthaveanexperienceddistributor.

D.Theywillseeexpensiverise.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Whatcanyoulearnfromtheexampleofunemployment?

A.ThesenseofhappinessoftheUnemployedpeoplepartlydependsonwherehestays.

B.Generallyspeaking,unemployedpeoplearehappierthanthosewhohavejobs.

C.Inanareawhereeveryonehasajob,it'seasytogetunemployed.

D.Unemployedpeopleusuallystayinanareaofhighunemployment.

42.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.ThereisnoclearlydefinedrightandwronginTVimages.

B.Televisiondoesn'texpressideasalthoughitisintendedtoconveytruth.

C.Translatinglifeintoanimageismoreeffectivethanexpressingreactionstolifeinwordsinteachinglifevalues.

D.TVpresentationofimagesrecordswhatisgoingonobjectively.

43.

FromParagraph4,wecanlearnthat______.

A.Breakthroughinmedicinehasmadeitpossibleforhumantodefygenetics.

B.Geneshavebeenusedsuccessfullytocreatebraincells.

C.Genetherapiescouldbeharmlesslyemployedinbraincellrepairinginthefuture.

D.Theenvironmenthasamuchmorepowerfuleffectonbrainthangenetics.

44.

【C2】

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

AreconstructionofanancienttreefromoneofEarth'sfirstforestsrevealsthattheplantsweretoppedwithfronds(蕨類植物的葉子)andnotleaves.Thecrown(樹冠)ofanancienttreefoundinaplacefromwhichstoneisdugoutinNewYorkhasshedlightonthelookoftheworld'searliestforestsbelievedtohavethrivedabout390millionyearsago.

Thediscoveryofthis390-millionyear-old,six-footupperportionofanancienttreetrunkallowedscientiststocreateacompositepictureoftheentireplantwhentheyputittogetherwithfragmentsofatrunkfoundinthesamesiteayearbeforeandwithtreestumpsrecoveredmorethan130yearsago.Theremainshavebeenwidelyreportedas"evidenceoftheEarth'soldestforest,"accordingtoapaperpublishedinthisweek'sNature.

"Thebasicpointofthispaperistwothings,"saysleadauthorWilliamStein."Wenowhaveclearevidencewhatthesestumpsreallywere,"andwealsohave"realstrongevidenceofthestructureoftheseforms."

Fromthefossilreconstruction,theteamofscientistsdeterminedthatatreecomprisingallthesepartscouldgrowabout30feettall.AccordingtoStein,thebasewouldhavebeenmassive—ontheorderof2.5feetindiameter—andalarge,singletrunkwithverticalridges,toppedbyaleaflesscrownofamaterialresemblingfrondsonferns(蕨類)andpalms.

Bypiecingtogetherthefragments,theteamwasabletogetanideaofwhatforestmighthavelookedlike390millionyearsago.Steinestimatesthesetreeswouldhavebeen"fairlycloselyspaced,"about3to16feetapart,andthattheywouldhavedroppedaloadoffrondsfromtheirbranchesontotheforestfloor.Amongstthesetreeswerelikelysmallerplantsandshrubs.Thesetreeslikelyletmoresunlightthroughthanmodern-daycounterparts,fortheirbranchstructuresdidnotfanoutasfar,forminganumbrella-likeshape.

SteinnotesthattheriseofforestswithtreeslikethesecausedtheremovalofCO2fromtheairandtemperaturestodrop,creatingclimateslikethoseexperiencedtoday.ThedropCO2inlevels,hesays,likelyledtotheevolutionofflatleavesontreestoattractandretainmoreofthegas,whichplantsneed.Upnext,hesays:researchwillfocuson"theinternalstructureoftheplantstoworkouthowtheygrew"aswellas"howtheyfunctionedphysiologically,particularlytherelationshipwithCO2."

WhatcanpeopleknowfromthecrownofanancienttreefoundinNewYork?

A.Ithelpspeopleknowthatancienttreeshavenotrunk.

B.Itprovidesusnewinformationabouttheappearanceoftheearliestforest.

C.Itprovidesevidencefortheexistenceoftrees397millionyearsago.

D.Itprovidesevidenceforthebloomoftrees397millionyearsago.

46.

Whatdoestheauthortellusabouttaxandofshorky?

A.Peopleusuallyexcusethemselvesfromtaxthroughofshorky.

B.Taxcollectinghasneverbeenawayofextorting.

C.Mr.Fyodorovexcludedtherichfromtaxpaying.

D.OfshorkywasstrangetotherichbeforeMr.Fyodorovtakingmeasures.

47.

______providesagoldenopportunityforcarthieves.

48.

Accordingtotheauthor,themostactiveadvocatesofTelecitiesare______.

A.leadersandplanners

B.urbanarchitects

C.somecorporations

D.governmentadministrators

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

ManyparentswhowelcometheideaoftinningofftheTVandspendingmoretimewiththefamilyarestillworriedthatwithoutTVtheywouldconstantlybeoncallasentertainersfortheirchildren.Theyrememberthinkingupallsortsofthingstodowhentheywerekids.Buttheirownkidsseemdifferent,lessresourceful,somehow.Whenthere'snothingtodo,theseparentsobserveregretfullythattheirkidsseemunabletocomeupwithanythingtodobesidesturningontheTV.

Onefather,forexample,says,"WhenIwasakid,wewerealwaysthinkingupthingstode,projectsandgames.Wecertainlynevercomplainedinanannoyingwaytoourparents,'Ihavenothingtodo!'Hecomparesthiswithhisownchildrentoday:"They'resimplylazy.Ifsomeonedoesn'tentertainthem,they'llhappilysittherewatchingTVallday."

Thereisonewordforthisfather'sdisappointment:unfair.ItisasifheweredisappointedinthemfornotwadingGreekthoughtheyhaveneverstudiedthelanguage.Hedeplores(哀嘆)hischildren'slackofinventiveness,asiftheabilitytoplayweresomethinginnatethathischildrenaremissing.Infact,whilethetendencytoplayisbuiltintothehumanspecies,theactualabilitytoplay,toimagine,toinvent,toelaborateonrealityinaplayfulway,andtheabilitytogainfulfillmentfromit,theseareskillsthathavetobelearnedanddeveloped.

Suchdisappointment,however,isnotonlyunjust.Itisalsodestructive.Sensingtheirparents'disappointment,childrencometobelievethattheyare,indeed,lackingsomething,andthatthismakesthemlessworthyofadmirationandrespect.Givingchildrentheopportunitytodevelopnewresources,toenlargetheirhorizonsanddiscoverthepleasuresofdoingthingsontheirownis,ontheotherhand,awaytohelpchildrendevelopaconfidentfeelingaboutthemselvesascapableandinterestingpeople.

ManyparentsbelievethatwithoutTV,,theirchildrenwoodlikethemto______.

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

"ItisdifficultnottohearinStandardEnglishalwaysthesoundofslaughterandconquest"(Hooks,1994).

Leaningonelanguagemeansacquiringitsculturebecauseonecannotbeseparatedfromtheother.Thisgainisaccompaniedbytheinevitabletransformationorlossofcertainaspectsofthefirstlanguageandculture.Thefearformany,therefore,isthatteachingonecommonlanguagewillcreateacommonworldculture,butattheexpenseoftheotherculturesworldwide.Thislossofculturewillultimatelyleadtoalossofthemanydifferentidentitiescreatingaclone(克隆)ofthemoredominantidentityoftheEnglishSpeakingWorld.

Theindividuals'culturalidentitywilldisintegrate(碎裂、分解),leadingtoasuppressedidentityespeciallyifthefirstlanguageandcultureareconsidereddeficientcomparedtothelearnedlanguageandcultureofEnglish.SocomparedtothenativespeakeroftheEnglish,individualswillconsiderthemselvesinferiorandthisfeelingofinferiorityisintensifiedbecauseofthenativespeaker'sfeelingofsuperiority.Atthesametime,thoselearningandusingthelanguageofpower(inthiscaseEnglish)becomepartofanelitist(精英)group,whobyvirtueofpositionoreducationexercisepowerorinfluenceoverothersintheirgroupwhohavenotlearnedEnglish.ThusbecauseoftheassumptionthattheknowledgeofEnglishisrelatedtointellectualandsocialsuperiority,theEnglishspeakinggroupendsupwithpowerandinfluenceoverthenon-Englishspeakers.AlinguistichierarchyofpoweriscreatedwiththenativeEnglishspeakerontop,followedbythenon-nativespeakerofEnglish,leavingthenon-Englishspeakeratthebottom.

Inthiscontext,PhillipsonproposesthetermofEnglishLinguisticImperialism.

LinguisticImperialismismaintainedduetotheelitism(精英主義)whichbecomesentrenched(確立的)insocietywhenthedominanceofonelanguagebecomesanacceptednorm,andthespeakersofthatlanguageareassumedtohaveintellectualandsocialsuperioritythatensurestheirpowerandinfluenceoverothers,ElitismcanbetracedtotheFrenchwordelite,whichmeansselectionorchoice,andinthecaseoflinguisticelitismtheactofselectionorchoiceisdonebythenativespeakersofthelanguageaswellasthenon-nativespeakers.Thenon-nativespeakersofthelanguage(English),especiallythosewhoneveracquirenativefluency,areassumedbytheirpeers(同輩、同等的人)aswellasbythenativespeakersasbeingintellectuallydeficientinsomeway.ThemanifestationsofthiselitistattitudetowardtheEnglishlanguageareprevalent(盛行的)inallaspectsoflifefromeducationalinstitutionstobusinessesandsocialsituations.TheinternationalprevalenceofthisattitudecanbefoundinEnglishspeakingcountriesliketheUSandUK,wherethereisalargeimmigrantpopulationthatspeaksEnglishasasecondlanguage,andinPakistanandIndia,whereEnglishisthenationallanguage,butisnotthefirstlanguageofthemajority.

Whatdoestheauthorimplywiththecitationatthebeginning?

A.ItisdifficultforapersontolearnStandardEnglish.

B.ItiseasyforapersontospeakStandardEnglish.

C.ItisnoteasyforapersontolistentoStandardEnglish.

D.ThehistoryofStandardEnglishisaprocessofconqueringotherlanguages.

51.(58)

52.

Whatshouldgraduatesusuallydotogetintoprofessionsrelativetohismajor?

53.AccordingtoKraus,thesignificanceofidentifyingthelinkbetweenmusicandbrainisthat

A.musictrainingcanbeawaytoenhancepoorhearing

B.singingcanbeusedtotreatpeoplewithlanguagedisorders

C.intensivemusicaltherapymaymakeamutepersonspeak

D.allbraindisorderscanbecuredbylearningmusicalsounds

54.

Themainsourcesofinfluenzavirusesinlakewaterare______,whichmaystayinfectionsforupto30days.

55.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theearliestknowngalaxiesintheuniverse,whichformedduringtheuniverse's"darkage"nearly13billionyearsago,havebeenspiedbytwoteamsofastronomers.

Thediscoveries,reportedseparatelyinthisweek'sissueofthejournalNature,suggestthatgalaxieswereformingjust700millionyearsafterthebirthoftheuniverse.

Theoryholdsthattheuniverseformed13.7billionyearsagowhenanextremelydenseconcentrationofmassrapidlyexpandedinaneventknownasthebigbang.

Theuniversehasbeenexpandingeversince,soastronomersareabletoagegalaxiesbycomputinghowmuchthewavelengthoftheirlighthasstretched—orredshifted--astheexpansiontakesthegalaxiesfartherfromEarth.Theredderthelightis,theolderandmoredistantthegalaxyis.

Thedetectionofsuchancientgalaxiesaddsintrigue(神秘色彩)totheoriesofhowtheveryfirstgalaxiesformed,accordingtoastronomers.

Weretheremanylarge,younggalaxiesintheearlyuniversethatareobscuredfromastronomers'viewbyabundantgasesabsorbingtheirlight?Orweregalaxiesrareandsmallwaybackthen,asaprevailingtheorysuggests,andlaterclumpedtogethertoform.largergalaxiessuchastheMilkyWay?

"Webelievethatweneedboththeseprocessestoexplainwhatwesee,"MasanoriIye,aprofessorattheNationalAstronomicalObservatoryofJapan,saidinanemail.

Thegalaxy,calledIOK-1,formedabout750millionyearsafterthebigbang—60millionyearsclosertotheeventthanthepreviousrecordholder.

Giventhenumberofgalaxiesfoundduringalaterepochabout810millionyearsago,theresearchershadexpectedtofindasmanyassixgalaxieslikeIOK-1.Butthecomparativerarity(稀有)ofobjectslikeIOK-1meansthattheuniversemusthavechangedsignificantlyoverthe60millionyearsthatseparatethetwoepochs,theteamsuggests.

Iyeandcolleaguesbelievethattheyarewitnessingthelastphaseofaprocessknownasreionization(再次電離).

AccordingtoIye,about380,000yearsafterthefieryhotbigbang,theuniversecooledsomuchthatprotonsandelectronsrecombinedtoform.neutralhydrogen.Thisisknownasthebeginningofthedarkageoftheuniverse,becauseneutralhydrogenabsorbsthelightfromstars.

Asmoregalaxiesstaredtoform.about300millionyearslater,thehotstarsheatedtheintergalactic(銀河間的)mediumandgraduallyreionizedtheneutralhydrogenbacktoprotonsandelectrons.Theionizedhydrogenthenbecamemoretransparent,allowingthegalaxieslighttopassthrough.

Iyesaidthenewresultssupporttheideathatneutralhydrogenwasstillabundant750millionyearsafterthebigbang,blockingevenoldergalaxiesfromview."Wearestartingtoseethelastphaseofcosmicreionization,orthedawnofthecosmicdarkage,"hesaid.

Iyeaddedthatthediscoveryalsosupportsthe"hierarchical"theoryofgalaxyformation,whichsuggeststhatbig,brightgalaxiesformedassmallergalaxiescollidedandmerged."Theepochwehaveprobedisyetinthiscriticalstage,"hesaid.

Accordingtothediscoveriesoftheastronomers,whendidgalaxiesform?

56.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Insomewaystheemploymentinterviewislikeapersuasivespeechbecausetheapplicant(interviewee)seekstopersuadetheemployer(interviewer)toemployhim.Severalsuggestionsmightprovehelpfultotheapplicantaspreparationfortheactualinterview.

Ajobapplicanthastheresponsibilityofascertainingcertaintypesofinformationpriortotheinterview.First,theapplicantshouldknowwhatkindofjobhewantsandhowthatjobrelatestohiscareerobjective.Itisimportantthattheapplicantbeabletostatehisreasonsforwishingtoworkforaparticularcompany.Second,theapplicantshouldseekasmuchinformationaspossibleconcerningthecompany.Relevantinformationfortheapplicanttolocateincludessuchitemsas-thelocationofthehomeandregionaloffices,thefinancialstatusofthecompany,plansforexpansion,andphilosophy.Informationaboutmostmajorcorporationsisavailableinreferencebooksandperiodicals.

Aftergatheringinformationconcerningthecompany,theapplicantisreadyfortheinterview.Theinterviewer'sfirstimpressionc