虛擬語氣

theSubjunctiveMood(I)GRAMMER語法第一頁，共39頁。(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí),而是一種假設(shè),愿望,懷疑,建議或推測。虛擬語氣主要用于if條件狀語從句,也可用于名詞性從句等。第二頁，共39頁。What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery(彩票)?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…第三頁，共39頁。IfI

won

thelottery,I

would

buyanexpensive

car.

第四頁，共39頁。IfI

had

alotofmoney,I

might

buyavilla(別墅).第五頁，共39頁。IfI

wereamillionaire,I

would

travelaroundthe

world.第六頁，共39頁。IfI

won

thelottery,I

would

buyanexpensive

car.IfIhadalotofmoney,Imight

buyavilla(別墅).IfI

wereamillionaire,I

would

travelaroundthe

world.第七頁，共39頁。條件從句

If從句主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)/(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。第八頁，共39頁。a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenFillintheblanks.第九頁，共39頁。Ifhe

haddrivenmorecarefully,theaccidentwouldn’thavehappened

yesterday.第十頁，共39頁。Ifhe

haddrivenmorecarefully,theaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeen

discovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.第十一頁，共39頁。條件從句If從句

主句的謂語形式過去過去完成時(shí)haddonewould/could/should/might+havedone第十二頁，共39頁。a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadbeenwouldhavepassedFillintheblanks.hadmetwouldhavegone第十三頁，共39頁。Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewould

takephotos.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,wewould

takephotos.Ifitsnowedtomorrow,wewould

takephotos.第十四頁，共39頁。條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式未來should+v.2.weretodo3.過去時(shí)would/could/should/might+v.(原)第十五頁，共39頁。假如他來了,我們對(duì)他說什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim?假如他看見我,就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.第十六頁，共39頁。注意：省略if倒裝：WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.

Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.

若虛擬條件句中有were,had,should時(shí)，可省略if而將were,had,should移到句首。第十七頁，共39頁。一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法時(shí)態(tài)If從句的形式主句的形式現(xiàn)在過去未來did/werewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone1.shoulddo2.weretodo

3.過去時(shí)would/could/should/might+V.(原)haddone第十八頁，共39頁。

含蓄的虛擬語氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個(gè)介詞來表示或通過上下文或其他方式表示如“butfor”，“without”“supposing”“otherwise”等表示含蓄的虛擬：

Withoutthenewpaintsandnewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpieces.WithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.第十九頁，共39頁。1.Iamnotfreetoday.IfI___freetoday,I__andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe小試身手：第二十頁，共39頁。3.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome第二十一頁，共39頁。5.________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will6.Withoutliberation(解放)we_____anewlife.wouldnotbeginwouldnothavebeenbegunC.hadnotbegunD.wouldnothavebegun第二十二頁，共39頁。7.Butforthehelpofmyteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon第二十三頁，共39頁。Wish

在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反,或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望,常用虛擬語氣.1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:

從句動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)

。第二十四頁，共39頁。IwishIwereastallasyou.第二十五頁，共39頁。Iwisheverydaywere

mybirthday.第二十六頁，共39頁。IwishI

hadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。第二十七頁，共39頁。(3)表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望:從句動(dòng)詞形式為“would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。Iwishhecouldgowithustomorrow.Wewishourparents________________(notpunish)us.wouldn’tpunish第二十八頁，共39頁。1.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hasB.had

C.willhaveD.hadhad2.HowIwishI_______torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtriedB.hadn’ttriedC.havetriedD.didn’ttry第二十九頁，共39頁。asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示方式時(shí),從句謂語形式為動(dòng)詞的過去式(be用were)或“had＋過去分詞”。他那樣對(duì)待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.第三十頁，共39頁。ShetalksaboutRomeasifshe

hadbeenthereherself.第三十一頁，共39頁。2.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。常見動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：order,command三個(gè)建議：advise,suggest,propose四個(gè)要求：demand,require,request,desire

這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略.第三十二頁，共39頁。1.我們建議Tom去休息一下。2.他堅(jiān)決要求我們立即出發(fā)。3.國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。1.WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.2.Heinsistedthatwe(should)setoutatonce.3.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.第三十三頁，共39頁。

以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire第三十四頁，共39頁。It’ssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedout.

Mydemandisthatshe(should)cometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusa