專題三:主謂一致謂語動(dòng)詞與其主語在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致，稱為主謂一致。主謂一致遵循著三個(gè)基本原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致。一、語法一致語法一致是指主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其構(gòu)成有以下10點(diǎn)。用and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果在意義上指同一個(gè)人，同一件事或同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。TomandJimarestudents.湯姆和吉姆是學(xué)生。RiceandwheataregrowninChina.中國(guó)種植水稻和小麥。Bothhisfatherandhismotherareadvancedteachers.他的爸爸和媽媽都是先進(jìn)教師。TheprofessorandwriterisfromNanjingUniversity.那位教授兼作家來自南京大學(xué)。Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.愛與被愛是一種很大的幸福。Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.奶油面包是他們的日常食物。注：常見的由and連接表示同一個(gè)概念的詞有：(當(dāng)其作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。)Warandpeace戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平milkandwaterWarandpeace戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平milkandwater摻水的牛奶fruitandcream加奶油的水果aknifeandfork一副刀叉ironandsteel車鋼鐵fishandchips炸魚土豆條truthandhonesty真誠(chéng)acupandsaucer一套杯盤breadandbutter奶油面包meatandpotatoes肉炒土豆aneedleandthread針線ahorseandcart一輛馬車awatchandchain一只系表帶的手表 ateacherandwriter一位教師兼作家由every?andevery…，each???andeach…，no???andno…，manya???and等構(gòu)成復(fù)合主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everyboyand(every)girlhastherighttogettheeducation.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有受教育的權(quán)利。Eachmanand(each)womanisatwork.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。Nosoundandnovoiceisheardforalongwhile.很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有聽到一點(diǎn)聲音。ManyaboyandmanyagirllikessurfingtheInternet.許多男孩和女孩都喜歡網(wǎng)上沖浪。當(dāng)主語后面有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由主語來確定。Theboywithhisclassmatesisplayingontheplayground.那個(gè)男孩和他的同學(xué)們正在操場(chǎng)上玩耍。Iaswellasheamreading.我和他在看書。Theteacher,includinghisstudents,isgoingtothezoo.那位老師，包括他的學(xué)生們，要去動(dòng)物園?！癿anya+單數(shù)名詞”或“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。但“many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。即：manya+名詞單數(shù)+動(dòng)詞單數(shù) many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)morethanone+名詞單數(shù)+動(dòng)詞單數(shù) more+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+thanone+動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)Manyaboylikespopmusic.許多男孩喜歡流行音樂。Manyboyslikepopmusic.許多男孩喜歡流行音樂。Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生看過這部電影。Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthefilm.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生看過這部電影?！癮greatdealof,alittle,quitealittle,alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Agreatdealoftimewaswastedplaying.很多時(shí)間在玩耍中浪費(fèi)了。Alargeamountofmedicineisneededinthestrickenarea.災(zāi)區(qū)需要大量的藥物。有些名詞如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,goods,ashes,scissors,shorts,pants等只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但若前面有akindof,asortof,atypeof,aseriesof,apairof,thiskindof等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則由單位詞來確定。Hisglassesareonthedesk.他的眼鏡在課桌上。Apairofglassesisonthedesk.一副眼鏡在課桌上。Threepairsofglassesareonthedesk.三副眼鏡在課桌上。關(guān)系代詞who,that,which在定語從句作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞在數(shù)上保持一致。Thosewhowanttogosignyournameshere.想去的人在這兒簽名。Thebookwhichwasboughtyesterdayislost.昨天買的那本書不見了。whoamyourbestfriend,willhelpyou.作為你最好的朋友，我將幫助你?！胺?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞/短語”以及“alotof,plentyof,halfof,apileof,mostof,therestof,themajorityof+名詞/短語”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與of之后的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。%ofthestudentsarefromthecountryside.百分之三十的學(xué)生來自農(nóng)村。%ofthewaterispollutedhere.這兒百分之三十的水被污染了。Halfofthebananasarerotten.一半的香蕉腐爛了。Halfofthebananaisrotten.一半的香蕉腐爛了。注：population"人口，人口數(shù)[u/c]”，當(dāng)其作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)其與分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！猈hatisthepopulationofChina?中國(guó)的人口是多少？—Itisover1.2billion.有12億多。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.中國(guó)的人口比日本的人口多。80%ofthepopulationarefarmersinChina.在中國(guó)80%的人口是農(nóng)民。Four-fifthsofthepopulationherearefromtheNortheast.這兒五分之四的人口來自東北?！癮kindof,thiskindof,manykindsof+名詞”和“名詞+ofthiskind”等以及由與kind意義相似的type,sort等構(gòu)成的類似短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。Anewkindofgameispopularwithyoungpeople.一種新的游戲受到年輕人的歡迎。Thiskindofquestion(s)isverydifficult.這種問題是很難的。Questionsofthiskindareverydifficult.這種問題是很難的。Manykindsofpearsareonsaleinthatshop.各種各樣的梨在那家商店出售。某些不定代詞either,each,one,noone,theother以及由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachofthechildrenhasanapple.每個(gè)孩子都有一個(gè)蘋果。Someoneiswaitingforyouatthegate.有人在門口等你。Everythingaroundusismatter.我們周圍的一切都是物質(zhì)。二、意義一致意義一致是指主語形式上是單數(shù)，但表達(dá)的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，那么謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表達(dá)的是單數(shù)意義，那么謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。其構(gòu)成有以下14點(diǎn)。.某些集體名詞family,team,class,club,party,group,government,committee,2口電6聯(lián)6等作主語時(shí)，若看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若看作一個(gè)個(gè)的個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Myfamilyisalargeone.我的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人在看電視。但：無生命的集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)。Muchofthejewellerywasmissing.大量的珠寶不見了。.表總稱意義的名詞people,police,cattle,crew,poultry（家禽）,youth等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Peopleareworkinghardinthefield.人們正在地里努力地勞動(dòng)。Thepolicearesearchingthelostboy.警察們正在尋找那個(gè)走失的男孩。Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.牛在田里吃草。Thecrewarebusynow,現(xiàn)在全體人員都在忙碌。但：people當(dāng)“民族”講時(shí)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。TheChinesepeopleisagreatpeople.中華民族是個(gè)偉大的民族。.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般隨意義用相應(yīng)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有：sheep,deer,fish,means,works,Chinese,Japanese等。當(dāng)其前面有a,this,that等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其前面有all,these,those,some,many等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Asheepisunderthetree.一只羊在樹下。Manysheepareunderthetree,許多羊在樹下。Everymeanshasbeentriedout.每一種方法都試過了。Allmeanshavebeentriedout.所有的方法都試過了。.表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語作主語時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把它們看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.對(duì)我來說，兩個(gè)小時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作就夠了。Tenthousandkilometersisalongdistance.一萬公里是很長(zhǎng)的一段距離。.用作書名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)家名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。TheArabianNightsisaninterestingstorybook.《天方夜譚》是一一本有趣的故事書。The'U'nitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.^美國(guó)^是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。The'U'nited^Nationsisaninternationalorganization,聯(lián)合國(guó)^是一個(gè)國(guó)際組織。.某些以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞、疾病名詞、游戲名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。這類詞有:maths,physics,gymnastics,economics,mechanics,athletics,bowls,AIDS等。Mathsismyfavouritesubject,數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜愛的學(xué)科。AIDSisadeadlydisease.艾滋病是一種致命的疾病。.以-s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈、群島及亞運(yùn)、奧運(yùn)等大型系列活動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThePhilippinesareinthePacificOcean,菲律賓群島位于太平洋。TheHimalayasextendalongtheborderofIndiaandChina.喜馬拉雅山脈一直延伸到中印邊境上。TheRockyMountainscoveradistanceofabout3,220km.落基山脈全長(zhǎng)約3,220公里。TheAsianGameswereheldinGuangzhoulastyear.亞運(yùn)會(huì)去年在廣州舉行。TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次。.表示四則運(yùn)算時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。Twoandthreeis/makes/equals/isequaltofive.3力口2等于5。Threetimesfiveisfifteen.3乘5等于15。Fifteenminusfiveisten.15減5等于10。Fifteendividedbyfiveisthree.15除以5等于3?！皌he+形容詞/過去分詞”表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)其指具體某個(gè)人或表示一類事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thewoundedweresavedbythevillagersatlast.最后，傷員們被村民們救起。Thewoundedintheaccidentwasapoliceman.這次事故的受傷者是一名警察。Thebeautifulisnotalwaysuseful.好看的并不總是有用的?！皁neandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.桌子上剩下一個(gè)半蘋果。Oneandahalfyearshaspassed.一年半已經(jīng)過去了?！癮numberof/agroupof/avarietyof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“thenumberof/thevarietyof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。AnumberofstudentsarefromBeijing.許多學(xué)生來自北京。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis50.我們班學(xué)生的數(shù)目是50。Avarietyofflowersaresoldinthatshop.各種各樣的花在那家商店出售。Thevarietyofflowersisastonishing.花的種類是驚人的。such,thesame起指示代詞作用，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來確定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Suchismyplan.這就是我的計(jì)劃。Sucharemyplans.這些就是我的計(jì)劃。單獨(dú)的動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語和從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Smokingisbadforhealth.吸煙有害健康。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。Whenweshallgothereisnotdecided.我們何時(shí)去那兒還沒有決定。Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotdecided.何時(shí)何地將舉行會(huì)議還沒有決定。注：①what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)是根據(jù)其所指的具體內(nèi)容而確定的。Whatweneedismoretime.我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間。Whatweneedaregoodbooks.我們需要的是好書。②當(dāng)主語是并列動(dòng)名詞、并列不定式或并列從句時(shí)，指同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；不指同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。Toworkandtolivearetwodifferentthings.工作和生活是兩件不同的事情。Whenwe,llgothereandhowwe,llgettherehaven,tbeendecided.我們何時(shí)去那兒及怎樣到達(dá)那兒還沒有被決定。如果名詞詞組的中心詞是all,most,rest,some等時(shí)，所指的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)形式。Allarepresentatthemeeting.所有的人都出席了會(huì)議。Alliswellthatendswell.結(jié)果好一切都好。Thesebooksarenew,andtherestareold.這些書是新的，其余的是舊的。Thewaterinthebottleiscleanhere,andtherestisdirty.這兒瓶子里的水是干凈的，其余的是臟的。三、就近一致就近一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定的。其構(gòu)成有以下3點(diǎn)。由“neither…nor…，either…or…，notonly…butalso…，not…but…，…or…”連接兩個(gè)并列U名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要和離它最近的主語保持一致。NeitherhenorIamright.他不對(duì)我也不對(duì)。Eitheryouorheistoblame.要么你，要么他該受責(zé)備。Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsaregoingthere,不僅老師而且學(xué)生們要去那兒。Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，使用就近原則。Thereisachairandtwotablesintheroom.房間里有一把椅子和兩張桌子。Therearetwotablesandachairintheroom.房間里有兩張桌子和一把椅子。在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與它后面的主語一致。Onthewallhangsapicture.墻上掛著一幅畫。Oneachsideofthestreetstandalotofstores.大街兩邊有許多商店。四、特殊情況作主語時(shí)主謂一致的情況“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the/theonly/thelast/thevery/theright/justtheoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Heisoneofthestudentsthatarefromthecity,他是來自城市的學(xué)生之一。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthatisfromthecity,他是唯一來自城市的學(xué)生?！癮(large)quantityof+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，(large)quantitiesof+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞是根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定的。Alargequantityofwateriswasted.大量的水被浪費(fèi)了。Alargequantityofbooksisonthedesk.大量的書在課桌上。Largequantitiesofwaterarewasted.大量的水被浪費(fèi)了。Largequantitiesofbooksareonthedesk.大量的書在課桌上?！癮largeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；"largeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！皌heamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。Alargeamountofmoneyisspentonthebridge.大量的錢被花在這座橋上。Largeamountsofmoneyarespentonthebridge.大量的錢被花在這座橋上。Theamountofmoneyis100yuan.錢的數(shù)量是100元?！皁neortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；"a/an+單數(shù)名詞+two”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Oneortwodaysareenoughforme,對(duì)我來說，一兩天就夠了。Adayortwoisenoughforme,對(duì)我來說，一兩天就夠了。neither,none作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Neitherofthebooksis/areinteresting.兩本書都沒有趣。Noneofushas/havebeentoShanghai.我們沒有一個(gè)人去過上海。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語，that之后的句子謂語動(dòng)詞是由被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語來決定的。ItisIthatamyourbestfriend.是我是你最好的朋友。Itishethatoftengivesmehelp.是他經(jīng)常給我?guī)椭?。主謂一致專練：A)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練：主謂一致比較辨析a)Whatweneedbadlymoretime. A.areB.isb)Whatweneednowmoresheep.Suchourplanforthefuture. A.areB.isSuchhiswordsthathetoldus.

3.One-thirdofthedeer lostlastnight.A.wereB.wasOne-thirdofthefish eatenupbyhim.4.Thesteelworks acrossthestreet.A.areB.isPlentyofworks translatedintomanylanguages.5.Thesingeranddancer comingtoourcountry.A.areB.isThesingerandthedancer comingtoourcountry.6.Manystudents interestedinforeignfilms.A.areB.isManyastudent interestedinforeignfilms.7.Aknifeandfork onthetable.A.areB.isAknifeandafork onthetable.8.Here apairofglasses.A.areB.isHerglasses onthebookcase.9.There apennyandsometicketsinhispocket.A.isB.areThere someticketsandapennyinhispocket.10.Thepopulationsofthatarea farmers.A.isB.areThepopulationofthatarea increasingveryfast.11.Anumberofgirlsinourcompany fondofsurfingtheInternet.A.areB.isThenumberofgirlsinourcompany nearlytwenty.12.-Who nextdoor?A.liveB.lives-It,sLinda.-Who nextdoor?-It,sLindaandLucy.13.NotonlytheplanetsbutalsotheEarth aroundthesun.A.moveB.movesNotonlytheEarthbutalsotheplanets aroundthesun.14.Thiskindofcartoon wellinthebookstore.A.sellsB.sellCartoonsofthiskind wellinthebookstore.15.Eachofthem lightmusicandcountrymusic.A.enjoyB.enjoysTheyeach lightmusicandcountrymusic.16.Annisoneofthegirlswho failedinthedrivingtest.A.hasB.haveAnnistheoneofgirlswho failedinthedrivingtest.17.Part/Halfofthework beendone.A.hasB.havePart/Halfoftheworkers beenthere.18.Theold takinggoodcareofinourcountry.A.requiresB.requireTheoldman takinggoodcareofinmycountry.19.Nowthatall beenthere,let,schangetoanotherplace.A.haveB.hasAllthatshouldbedone beendone.20.Mr.LiorI goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.BothMr.LiandI goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.areB.amTheshoes/pantsontheladdermine.Thispairofshoes/pantsontheladderhis.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;areTheChinesepeoplebraveandhard-working.TheChinesepeopleabraveandhard-workingpeople.A.are;are B.is;is C.is;are D.are;is

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