# ?_-動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)綜合專題現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行一.動詞八種基本時態(tài)的概述動詞時態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣大中學(xué)生在實際運用時，往往對時態(tài)總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時態(tài)。1、一般現(xiàn)在時：（經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作）【概念】經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況?！净窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①；②、同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①把be動詞放于句首；②用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞?！緯r間狀語】always,usually, etc2、一般過去時：【概念】過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去、的動作、行為?！净窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】動詞用過去式，規(guī)則變化在動詞原形后加；不規(guī)則變化需要仔細(xì)記憶。①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①；②同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞?！?時 間 狀 語 】 etc.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：【概念】表示動作及行為?！净窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首?！緯r間狀語】etc.4、過去進(jìn)行時：【概念】表示正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作?！净窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首?！?時 間 狀 語 】—或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。5、現(xiàn)在完成時：【概念】過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作 ，或從過去已經(jīng)開始， 的動作或狀態(tài)?！净窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done.一般疑問句：have或has?！?時 間 狀 語 】 etc.6、過去完成時：【概念】以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在 動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】had+done.否定形式：had+not+done.一般疑問句：had放于句首?！?時 間 狀 語 】 ,etc.7、一般將來時：【概念】表示動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事?！净窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】①am/is/are/goingto+do；②will/shall+do.否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首?！?時 間 狀 語 】 etc.8、過去將來時：【概念】立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看，常用于賓語從句中?！净窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】①was/were/goingto+do；②would/should+do.否定形式：①;

② 一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should提到句首。【時間狀語】thenextday（morning,year…）,thefollowingmonth（week…）,etc.【練習(xí)】.“Idon’tliketotravel.”“Haveyoueverinanairplane?”A.flyingB.flewC.flowedD.flown.“Todayisverycold,isn,tit?”“Yes,theriverisover.”A.freezedB.freezeC.frozenD.freezing“Whathappenedinthatnewarea?”“Newhousesrecentlyoverthere.”A.arebuiltB.buildC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt［題后反思與領(lǐng)悟］考點一 一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時TOC\o"1-5"\h\zShelookstired.（ ）Sheislookingatabird.（ ）Howdoyoufeeltoday?（ ）Howareyoufeelingtoday?（ ）Thetrainleavesat9:00a.m.（以事物作主語時）Heisn'tcomingtothepartytonight.（以人為主語時）考點二現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時指過去發(fā)生的事情一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，屬于現(xiàn)在時的范疇。而一般過去時表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。I’velearntalotfromyou.（因此很感謝你）Ilearntalotthere.（事實）有時同一個動作，根據(jù)具體情況，需要不同時態(tài)。Hehasbeeninthearmyfor2years.（還在部隊）Hewasinthearmyfor2years.（現(xiàn)已離開）TOC\o"1-5"\h\zShehasdonethisalltheseyears.（ ）Shedidthisformanyyears.（ ）考點三過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時.一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動作，而過去進(jìn)行時表示動作的進(jìn)行但不一定完成。Hewasdoinghishomeworkintheafternoon.（ ）Hedidhishomeworkintheafternoon.（ ）.過去進(jìn)行時表示一個歷時較長的體現(xiàn)“背景”動作或情況；一般過去時表示在歷時較長的動作或情況的過程中發(fā)生的打斷它的一個短暫動作。WhenIwasgettingonthebus,mywalletwasstolen.Whenshearrived,IwastelephoningHary？考點四 過去完成時與一般過去時 hasrebuilthasrebuilt4.ThiscoastalareaA.wasnamed過去完成時表示過去某時間或某動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，即：過去的過去。動詞expect,hope，promise，think，want等的過去完成時可用來表示本來打算做而沒有做某事。而一般過去時則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.我們到車站時，火車已經(jīng)離開了。Ihadhopedthathecouldhelpus.我本來希望他能幫助我們。練習(xí)：Johnwasgiventhesamesuitcasehisfatherandgrandfatherwiththemtoschool.A.tookB.hadtakenC.weretaking D.wouldtakeIarrivedlate;Itheroadtobesoicy.A.wouldn'texpectB.haven'texpectedC.hadn'texpectedD.wasn'texpecting考點五現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時.現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作業(yè)已完成，而完成進(jìn)行時卻不一定如此。I'vemadeacake.（ ）I'vebeenmakingacake.（ ）.許多靜態(tài)動詞只能用于完成時。Thisstrikehaslastedsixmonths..有少數(shù)動作用兩種時態(tài)都可以，意思差別不大。Theyhavebeenworking/haveworkedverywellthisterm.但強(qiáng)調(diào)時間長度時用完成進(jìn)行時較好。I'vebeencoughingallnight.二【鎖定高考考點】。動詞的一般時態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時）"Themomentsoon,"hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.A.cameB.hastomeC.wascoming D.iscomingClosethedooroffearbehindyou,andyouthedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.A.saw B.haveseen C.willseeD.areseeingIn1492,ColumbusononeoftheBahamaislands,buthemistookitforanislandoffIndia.A.landsB.landedC.haslandedD.hadlanded4.lKevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?—Well,I atestandI'mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtake B.tookC.hadtaken D.take5.Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal cold.A.getsB.hasgotC.willgetD.isgetting

6.Planningsofarahead nosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade。動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時）1.lCanIcallyoubackattwoo'clockthisafternoon?—I'msorry,butbythenI toBeijing.Howaboutfive?A.flyB.willflyC.willbeflyingD.amflying2.—John,whatinyourhand?—Look!It'sabirthdaygiftformygrandma.AhadyouheldBareyouholdingC.doyouholdDwillyouhold3.Iwasn'tsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhe polite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe.—I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends forus.A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaiting.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeopleallkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.A.sellB.wereselling C.hadsoldD.havesold。動詞的完成時態(tài)（現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時）1.lIrememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,I thepianoforyears.A.don'tplayB.wasn'tplayingC.haven'tplayedD.hadn'tplayed2.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattendingD.haveattended3.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty；thechildreneverything!A.hadbeeneatingB.hadeatenC.haveeatenD.havebeeneating4.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeoneit.Wasityou?A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo。動詞的完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、過去完成進(jìn)行時）

1.Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagers alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.A.didB.doC.haddoneD.havebeendoing2.WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshethere.A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain3.I'mtiredout..IallafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping。動詞的語態(tài)（主要為被動語態(tài)）1.Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonowlaterinlife.A.willberepaid B.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid2.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnologybyscientists.A.aremakingB.aremadeC.willmakeD.willbemade3.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse .A.isbeingrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.isrebuiltD.anationalwildlifereservelastyear.B.namedC.isnamedD.names動詞的語態(tài)今.巨將卜下而來常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時6過去進(jìn)行時2一般過去時7現(xiàn)在完成時3一般將來時8過去完成時4過去將來時9將來完成時5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時10含有情態(tài)動詞的使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題。①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣?。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.②主動變被動時，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.③短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof（byher）.④情態(tài)動詞和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider>report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：{Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.,■PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.類似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…【演練命題熱點】翻譯句子：1,他們必須藏起來否則會被德國納粹擒獲。TheyhadtohideortheybytheGermanNazis2,過去它更多的基于德語而非我們現(xiàn)在所說的英語。ItmoreonGermanthantheEnglishweatpresent.3我一直問他，“我們什么時候離開什么時候又回來？”Iher,"whenweandwhenwe ?”4,我告訴她湄公的源頭在青海省。IherthatthesourceoftheMekongQinghaiProvince.5,我僅僅只學(xué)了兩年的學(xué)校離家只有三公里遠(yuǎn)。TheschoolwhereIforonlytwoyearswastherekilometersaway..練習(xí)3用動詞的正確形式填空。FriendsarelikewineEveryoneatworksaidthey（like）mynewdresssoI（wear）itforaTVshow.WhenIarrivedtheproducer（give）meastrangelookbutsaidnothing.LaterthatweekIwatchedtheshowonmyTV.AsIsatthere（look）atmyselfontheTVscreen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyoldfriendSusan."Nexttimeletmetellyouwhattowear.Thatdress（make）youlookoldandboring."Itwastrue.ForamomentIfelt（shame）butthenIfeltbetter.NexttimeI（ask）Susanandshe（tell）methetruth.Trulyoldfriendsarelikewine;the（old）,thebetter.練習(xí)4高考真題.（2013?北京卷?T23）Shakespeare'splayHamletintoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmadeB.wasmadeC.hasbeenmadeD.wouldbemade.（2013?新課標(biāo)全國II?T7）（2013?大綱版全國卷-T27）Weveryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.A.leaveB.hadleft C.wereleavingD.haveleft.（2013?山東卷?T24）Ididn'tthinkI,dlikethemovie,butactuallyitprettygood.A.hasbeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.wouldbe4（2014四川卷）She—someone,soIno