Unit1ScienceFictionUsingLanguageReadingandThinkingDiscoverUsefulStructuresWordsandExpressions目錄CONTENTS0103020401WordsandExpressions1.testout檢驗(yàn)；測(cè)試testsb.onsth.在……方面測(cè)試某人teststh.onsb./sth.在……身上試驗(yàn)……被動(dòng)：betestedontestsb.forsth.為某事檢查某人takeatest參加考試練習(xí)：1.Theuniversitystudentswilltest___________thecomputerprogramforanybugs.out2.appointmentn.預(yù)約；約會(huì)；委任appointvt.任命；委任；安排；確定make/have/fixanappointmentwithsb.與某人約會(huì)/預(yù)約/約定keepanappointment守約breakanappointment失約；違約byappointment按約定；按事先確定的時(shí)間appointsb.as/tobe…指定/任命某人為…….appointsb.todosth.委派/任命某人去做某事練習(xí)：1.Ihopeyoucankeepyour_________________(appoint).appointment3.declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布declarationn.聲明；宣告declarefor/against聲明支持/反對(duì)declarewaron/against向……宣戰(zhàn)byappointment按約定；按事先確定的時(shí)間declare…as/tobe…宣布……為…….declarethat…宣告/宣稱……練習(xí)：1.Hedeclares__________therewillbeanEnglishspeechcontestinourschoolthismonth.that4.ona…basis根據(jù)；以……的方式basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；把……設(shè)在n.基礎(chǔ)；基部；基地base…on/upon把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上bebasedon/upon以……為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)練習(xí)：1.Themovieis________(base)onapopularstory.based5.besuperiorto比……更好；更勝一籌—superiorityn.優(yōu)越性；優(yōu)勢(shì)beinferiorto次于；劣于beseniorto比……年長(zhǎng)；比……地位高bejuniorto比……年輕；比……地位低練習(xí)：1.Yourcellphoneissuperior_______mineinquality.to6.takeover占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管takeup占用（時(shí)間/空間）；開始從事；拿起；接受takeoff脫掉（衣服）；起飛；突然成功takein吸收；理解；欺騙takeon呈現(xiàn)（面貌）練習(xí)：1.Richardwilltake_______aspresidentofthecompany.over7.conflictwith與……沖突或抵觸conflictn.矛盾；沖突vi.沖突；抵觸inconflictwith和……有矛盾/不一致comeintoconflictwith與……產(chǎn)生沖突；與……有分歧練習(xí)：1.Shefoundherself_______conflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.in8.turnout關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場(chǎng)；使朝外；結(jié)果是turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交turndown調(diào)低（音量等）；拒絕turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；翻到；求助于；致力于練習(xí)：1.Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasseswillturn________soonerorlater.up9.urgen.強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的urgencyn.緊急；催促urgesth.onsb.極力主張某人某事urgethat…(should)dosth.極力主張；強(qiáng)調(diào)……Itisurgedthat…(should)dosth.堅(jiān)決要求……做某事haveandurgetodosth.有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事練習(xí)：1.Ihaveastrongurge_____________(travel)allovertheworld.totravel10.guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過(guò)失的—guiltn.內(nèi)疚；犯罪；過(guò)失weeklyadj.每周的n.周刊daily/monthly/yearly/annuallydismissvt.解散；解雇—dismissionn.解散；免職presumev.假設(shè)；假定—presumptionn.假定；推定calculatevt.計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測(cè)—calculationn.計(jì)算；估算；推算inactionn.無(wú)行動(dòng)—actionn.行動(dòng)—reactionn.反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)fall-fell--fallenmaximumadj.最大極限的n.最大量—minimumadj.最小的；最低的randomadj.隨機(jī)的；不可思議的—randomlyadv.任意地；隨便地explodev.爆炸；爆破—explosionn.爆炸mudn.泥；泥漿—muddyadj.泥濘的flip—flipped—flippedstun—stunned—stunnedstunningadj.令人印象深刻的；絕妙的overstatementn.夸大；夸張—overstatevt.夸大；夸張02ReadingandThinkingToday’ssciencefictionistomorrow’ssciencefact.--IsaacAsimov今日的科幻小說(shuō)即明天的科學(xué)現(xiàn)實(shí)。--艾薩克.阿西莫夫人工智能提醒某人某事家用機(jī)器人adv.最初記筆記被用來(lái)做某事異同點(diǎn)包你滿意Para.1用……做實(shí)驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)……adj.家用的n.家庭；一家人檢驗(yàn)；測(cè)試包你滿意Para.2adv.尤其；特別出差說(shuō)服某人……允許某人做某事n.意外收獲；獎(jiǎng)金；紅利adj.驚恐的；擔(dān)心的更像是；更接近面部表情包你滿意Para.3帶給某人某物adj.尷尬的照顧adj.令人不安的；煩擾的包你滿意Para.4vt.提到；談到；說(shuō)起主語(yǔ)+be+adj.+

to

do

sth.adj.愚蠢的；荒謬的；荒唐的n.同情v.欽佩；仰慕；欣賞n.智慧；才智n.誠(chéng)實(shí)正直；完整；完好誠(chéng)實(shí)地；正直地社會(huì)地位n.薪水；薪金……之一包你滿意Para.5出于好意答應(yīng)/承諾做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+adj.更確切地說(shuō)驚奇地adj.荒謬的；荒唐的包你滿意Para.6n.發(fā)型n.妝容不被允許做某事陪同某人去某地寫出……的清單去市中心與某人有個(gè)約會(huì)做美甲n.女售貨員對(duì)某人粗魯v.打電話；按鈴；響n.戒指adv.不好地；嚴(yán)重地14.對(duì)……說(shuō)話15.轉(zhuǎn)身；扭轉(zhuǎn)16.adj.糟糕的；可怕的；讓人討厭的17.在談戀愛18.畢竟；終究19.adj.無(wú)辜的；清白的；無(wú)罪的20.感到內(nèi)疚包你滿意Para.7v.哭泣；流淚希望做某事adj.敏感的；易受影響的as+adj./adv.+as和……一樣建議……邀請(qǐng)某人去某地正要做某事到那時(shí)預(yù)計(jì)…….vt.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變包你滿意Para.8adv.穩(wěn)步地；穩(wěn)定地n.改進(jìn)；提到；改善努力做某事從事于vt.懸；掛；暫停；暫緩n.天花板；吊頂摔下梯子盡管；即使成功做某事及時(shí)v.&n.尖叫把某人推開包你滿意Para.9v.打擊；襲擊；罷工；突然想到；擦（火柴）；敲（鐘）vt.讓（某人）離開；解散；解雇；消除其余的；剩下的攬入懷中vt.表明；宣稱；公布第二天；次日超過(guò)；非常；不僅僅v.（使）開心；（使）滿意；取悅不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞bringthinkreadwritebuyringspeakstandbeginweeptryfallrunstrikehearfallbroughtthoughtreadwroteboughtrangspokestoodbeganwepttriedfellranstruckheardfellbroughtthoughtreadwrittenboughtrungspokenstoodbegunwepttriedfallenrunstruckheardfallenThepassagemainlytellsus_________.therobot’sfacialexpressioncouldn’tchangelikepeopletherobotcoulddoeverythingthatmancandoanexperimenttestedoutbythehouseholdrobotTonyanexperimentwhereahouseholdrobotwastestedout2.Larrybroughtarobothometo___________.makehiswifehappytestouttherobotsendhiswifeagiftfreehiswifefromwork3.WhydidClairefeelalarmedwhenshesawtherobot?Becausetherobotwasinfactnotamachine.Becauseshedidn’tlikehim.Becauseshehadseentherobotbefore.Becausetherobotwasmorelikeahumanthanamachine.4.WhodidClaireturntoforhelpwhenthesalesmanattheclothesshopwasrudetoher?Herhusband.GladysClaffern.Tony,therobot.Themanageroftheshop.5.TherobotTonyhelpedClairetorealizeherdreamby___________.makingherhomeelegantgivingheranewhairstyleandchangingthemakeupsheworegivingheradviceonherdressesalltheabove6.WhydidClairebuytheitemsfromtheshop?Becauseherhusbandwastoreturn.BecauseTonywastoleave.BecauseTonywantedthehousetransformed.Becauseshethoughtsheneededthem.whenshefirstsawhimwhenTonyaskedifheshouldhelphergetdressedwhenTonyofferedsympathytoherwhenhehelpedhertalktothesaleswomanwhenshefellandTonycaughtandheldheraftertheladiessawTonyholdingherandspeakingtoherlovinglythroughthewindowaftersherememberedhewasjustamachineandshouted,“Leavemealone!”sciencefictiontestedoutmorelikefascinatingdignityintelligentdismiss03UsingLanguage時(shí)光機(jī)器Para.1強(qiáng)調(diào)句n.皮革；皮衣；皮外套啟動(dòng)桿n.控制板；儀表盤n.英寸adv.向后；到這；往回vt.欺騙；欺詐大約；左右時(shí)光機(jī)器Para.2吸一口氣v.緊握；抓緊變得模糊n.侄女；外甥女vt.(去)拿來(lái)n.手帕；紙巾adv.看來(lái)；顯然花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間更遠(yuǎn)；更進(jìn)一步好像；仿佛n.燈；臺(tái)燈關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場(chǎng)；使朝外；結(jié)果是13.跳到14.再三；反復(fù)時(shí)光機(jī)器Para.3Itis+adj.+todosth.and.曲折的；蜿蜒的；彎曲的n.速度；步伐；節(jié)奏v.確定速度；調(diào)整節(jié)奏（逐漸）減少；消失在戶外n.分開；分隔；差異；除（法）看到某人正在做某事陣陣煙霧上升vt.計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)光機(jī)器Para.4有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事adj.隨機(jī)的；不可思議的v.閃光；閃亮只要以最高的速度n.問(wèn)題；事情v.要緊；有關(guān)系被……占有v.爆炸；爆破n.&v.震動(dòng)v.（使）快速翻轉(zhuǎn)；（用手指）輕拋時(shí)光機(jī)器Para.5vt.使震驚；使昏迷n.泥；泥漿緊挨著數(shù)以千計(jì)的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞beginsitdrawgripskipdrivegrowfallthrowgrowspreadstopoccupyflipstuntravelbegansatdrewgrippedskippeddrovegrewfellthrewgrewspreadstoppedoccupiedflippedstunnedtravelledbegunsatdrawngrippedskippeddrivengrownfallenthrowngrownspreadstoppedoccupiedflippedstunnedtravelledexplodesuperiortocalculatefetcheddismissedsuspendpacehasanurgetobeswitchedoffwasbeingbuiltareoftenfoundisborderedisbeingconductedbenotedbepublicisedisassumedbedressedisnotallowed04DiscoverUsefulStructures復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.意義+構(gòu)成+用法2.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題4.練習(xí)1.意義+構(gòu)成+用法1.意義：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Ibuildaschool.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。Aschoolisbuiltbyme.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/aredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/weredone一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willdoshall/willbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havedonehas/havebeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddonehadbeendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)shall/willhavedoneshall/willhavebeendone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddowouldbe

done1.意義+構(gòu)成+用法A.不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。e.g.Mywindowwasbrokenyesterday.B.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。

e.g.ThefirstprizewaswonbyHenry.C.出于策略/婉轉(zhuǎn)/禮貌等不提出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

e.g.Theplanwasgenerallyconsiderednotpractical.2.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：can/may/mustdo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：can/may/mustbedonee.g.Thetoolcanbeusedinavarietyofways.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：begoingtodo/betodo/usedtodo/beabouttodo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：begoingtobedone/betobedone/usedtobedone/beabouttobedonee.g.Thisbookisgoingtobefinishednextweek.3.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題A.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定形式：benotdonee.g.YouarenotallowedtogotoBeijing.B.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。e.g.IcalledthegirlSnowWhite.–ThegirlwascalledSnowWhite.C.在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，make/hear/see等詞后接todo時(shí)要省略to,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能省略to。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to是句中小妖怪，主動(dòng)句中它走開，被動(dòng)句中它回來(lái)）e.g.ImakeTomcleantheroom.—Tomwasmadetocleantheroom.D.主謂賓賓句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，可將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，用for/to引出間接賓語(yǔ)，或?qū)㈤g接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。(間人直物)e.g.Tomgavemeabook.–AbookwasgiventomebyTom.–IwasgivenabookbyTim.3.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題E.一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是不可分開的，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不能去掉后面的介詞或副詞。e.g.Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.—Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcare