壓鑄缺陷(中英文)MAINCAUSE：Metalisfrozenbeforethecavityisfilledorbyinsufficientmetalbeingladled.。Metalcancooldowntoomuchintheshotsleeve.金屬在料管中冷卻太快。FIRSTSTAGEVELOCITYTOOLOW；GATING&RUNNERDESIGN；MAINCAUSE：Metalisfrozenwhentwometalfrontsjoin.ybelosingtoomuchheatintherunnerandcavityMAINCAUSE：Layersofmetalandoxidescanbecreatedbypoorshotendcontroland/orbadgateandrunnerdesign.會使鑄件起皮。MAINCAUSETrappedgasesareinthecastingwhenthedieisopenedwhenngisstillweakThisallowsthecompressedgastoexpendandcauseablister.不足時就打開模具使得鑄件中的氣體留在鑄件MAINCAUSEMetalpressureistoohighupontheprojectedsurfaceareacrossthepartinglinewhichistoogreatfortheclampingforceofthemachine.Thedieisthenforcedapartwhichallowsmetalescape.主要原因：金屬液充滿型腔而壓鑄壓力仍高于預(yù)計壓力范圍(壓力表顯示)，傳遞到(6)COLDFLAKES夾渣(鑄點(diǎn))MAINCAUSEMetalisallowedtocooltoomuchintheshotsleeve.ThesolidparticlesaretheninjectedintothecavityTheseflakesareoftenclearlyvisibleonthesurfaceofthecastingwiththenakedeye.多，從而使冷卻下來的固體金屬粒子被注射進(jìn)MAINCAUSEThisdefectoccurswhentoomuchshot(tip)lubeisused.MAINCAUSEThisdefectiscausedbytrappedairinthecastingwhichcancomefromseveralsourcesItcanbecausedbypoorshotendcontrol,poorventingandoverflowfunctionorbadgatingandrunnerdesign.氣體造成的，它可能是壓鑄后期增壓不足，排MAINCAUSEInsufficientdraftoranundercutcausingacastingtobeagedonthesurfacewhenitisejectedThiseffectmaybereducedbyingthetemperatureatwhichthecastingisejectedPoorsurfacefinishofthediecanbeanothercause.鑄件頂出時損壞。這情況可以通過調(diào)整鑄件頂MAINCAUSEThisdefectiscausedbymetalshrinkingduringsolidificationwhileundertension.Atthelastplacetosolidifyatearorcrackdevelopswhichcanbeseenatthesurface.液凝固時產(chǎn)生收縮引起的，在末端凝固成一條MAINCAUSEThecompositionofthealloycausesthemetaltobetooweakathightemperaturesaftersolidificationThisthencancausecracksinthesurfaceofthecastingtoappearinregionsofhighstresswhenthecastingiscoolingandcontractingNOTEThisdefectcanoccurinconjunctionwithhotcracking.主要原因：合金成分在凝固后仍保持在高溫之下會使金屬變得脆弱。當(dāng)鑄件冷卻(收縮)后受高壓的部位表面會產(chǎn)生裂縫。注意：這缺陷能連同熱裂一起出現(xiàn)。MAINCAUSEAsinkiscausedbyashrinkagecavitybeingnearthesurfacehecastingThiscausesthesurfaceofthecastingtocollapseintotheyassolidificationoccursSinksarecausedbethesamethingsasnkageporosityaswellasverypoorthermalcontrolofthediebecausehotspotsarerequiredforsinkstoform.縮洞造成的，是在凝固時表面向收縮洞坍塌上的不足引起的，因為模具局部過熱導(dǎo)致凹陷MAINCAUSEAcombinationofporosityandthecastingbeingejectedbeforeidifiedcompletelyThisallowsthetrappedgasestoburstoutofthecastingalongwithanyunsolidifiedmetal.在未完全凝固之前被頂出會使殘留受壓氣體沿MAINCAUSEAcastingcandeformafterejectionduringthetimeitisdowntoroomtemperatureTherootcausecansometimesbethecastingyorthealloyspecificationWarpingcanbeminimizedbyejectingatamperatureUnevendietemperatureisamajorcauseofthistypeofdefect.那段時間會產(chǎn)生變形。根本原因有時可能是鑄規(guī)格。在一個較低的溫度下頂出可以減小變形。模具溫度不MAINCAUSEChemicalattackandbondingofaluminiumtodiesteel.Thiscausesaluminiumtobetornawayfromthecastingduringejectionsolderingcanbereducedbyachangeinalloyand/orareductionindie/metaltemperature.樣會導(dǎo)致頂出時鋁料的飛濺。改變合金成分和/或降MAINCAUSESThisdefectiscausedbymetalreducingitsvolumeduringnabilitytofeedshrinkagewithmoremetalbeforeotscanalsocauseshrinkageporositytobeconcentratednk成的。MAINCAUSESThisdefectiscausedbythesurfaceofthetoolsteellyexpandingcontractingduringuseExcessivelycolddiesdieflexingacceleratethiseffect.過程中表面頻繁的熱脹冷縮造成的。過分地冷MAINCAUSESCausesofleaksincastingswherepressuretightnessisrequiredcanbeoxidefoldsand/orinclusionsand/orporosityinconjunctionwithasurfacedefectwhichcompletesthepathforaleak.Acloseanalysisoftheleakingareamayrevealwhichofthemanycausesiscausingtheleak.緊密的地方可能出現(xiàn)了氧化物或有雜質(zhì)或有孔檢漏分析可以展示出引起泄漏的原MAINCAUSESOxidefilms(dross)and/orresiduesinthecavityand/orparticlesinthemetalandorexcessdielubecancausethesurfacetobediscolouredAlsoitcanbecausedbyapartofthediebeingtoocoldcausing液中的粒子或過量的模具潤滑油會導(dǎo)致表面變(20)BREAKOUT澆口崩入(夾層)MAINCAUSEMetalflakes(coldflakes)whichgetcaughtinthegateduringcavityfillcanbreakoutunevenlywhenthecastingistrimmed.主要原因：型腔充填時在料口產(chǎn)生的金屬夾雜(冷隔)，當(dāng)鑄件在除澆口時會不均衡MAINCAUSESThemaincausesofthistypeofdefectaredirty/contaminatedmetaland/orpoormeltbandingpractice.MAINCAUSEInbroadterms,itcanbedefinedasexcessivepressureonthecastingsurfacebytheejectorpin(s)duringejection.面。MAINCAUSESErosioniscausedbydirectmoltenmetalimpingmentondiesteelCavitationtypeerosioniscausedbyturbulencewhichcauseslowpressureregionsintheflowingmetalTheselowpressureregionscausevoidstoformwhichcancollapseatthediesurface&causeerosion.面分支，氣穴類腐蝕是流動金屬在低壓區(qū)域產(chǎn)MAINCAUSESAcrackinthecastingcanbecausedbymechanicaldamagewhenenedorwhenthecastingisejectedThisclassificationexcludesHOTCRACKINGcrackingatthesurfaceduetoSHRINKAGEPOROSITY.Also,thisdefinitionexcludesHOTSHORTNESS.具開起時或鑄件頂出時機(jī)械損傷造成的。這類(27)Dieexpansionatcavityfillcancauseasecondlayertoformoverthecasting.(28)Oxidelayerscouldbeformingduringprefill.(29)Incorrectfirststagevelocitycancauseairtobeentrainedinthemetal.(30)CheckoperatingwindowofPQ2diagramtodetermineifpressureandprojectedsurfaceareaisnottoohigh.(31)Toomuchmetalwhenprefillisusedmaycausethechangeoverpointtobetoolateandthereforethemetalmaycooldowntoomuchbeforesecondstage.(32)Diesbeingforcedapartwithcontinuedfeedingaftercavityfill.。(33)Stickingplungercancauseentrainedairduringfirststageorvariablevelocityduringcavityfill.會導(dǎo)致第一階段產(chǎn)生氣泡或者是變化的填充速度。Interruptedorunevencavityfill.(35)Steamproducedfromwaterinthecavitycancausesevereflash.fthediemaybetoocoldDamagedshotsleevecanbeasourceofentrainedair.(41)Ifthedieispoorlyconstructedandfinishedthenitmaynotshutoff.Dieismorelikelytoflashifmetalisveryhot.(43)Normallysecondstagevelocitychangeaffectsmetalpressure.。(44)Brokentiebar(s)orcrackedplaten(s)maycauseflashtooccursuddenly.(46)Percentageofsolidstoohighatcavityfill.Secondstagevelocitymaybethecauseofthis.型腔充填時固化金屬的百分比太高，第二階段的速度可能是造成這種情況的原因。(47)Itispossibletoreducesomeporosityunderintensification.(48)Thecastingshrinksasitcools.Thiscausesthecastingtogripdiecomponentsmoreasitisleftlongerinthedie.過長。(49)Changingvolumeaffectswavecelebrationandchangeoverpoint.(50)Varyingchangeoverpointwhenprefillisusedcancausevariationinheatloadondifferentpartsofthedie.ture模溫度不穩(wěn)定(52)Shrinkagenotfed.Sometimesitisnotpossibletofeedshrinkageduetothelocationofthegate.氣體的來源(54)Thiscauseisverylikelyifflashoccurssuddenly.(55)Metalcompositionmaycausesomemetaltosolidifyattoohighatemperatureintheshotsleeve.vemaybetoocold(59)Alipontheshotsleeve&lowejectorpins,forexample,cancauseairtobeentrainedinthemetal.(60)Ifthedieistoocoldthenairmaybetrappedduringcavityfillastwometalfrontsmeet(similartocoldshut).如果鋼模太冷，當(dāng)兩股金屬液流相遇時氣體就有可能被阻塞在型腔中(與冷隔相似)。(61)Cavitationanderosioncancauserapidbreakdownofdiesteelwhichcanthencausedragmarks.(62)Areasoppositethegatecanbeasourceofhotspots.(63)MetaltooweakwhenejectingandSOLDERINGcanoccurherealso.(64)Adjustingtheseparametersmayfixtheproblemwithoutdealingwiththerootcause.(65)Metaladhesionisasignthatthedieistoohotinthatareaandmaycauseotherproblemssuchasdragmarksandsoldering.其它的問題，像流痕和粘模。onExcessiveFeCuandZncancausehotshortness.(68)Maycausesomepartsofthedietooverhearandallowthecastingtobecometoohotsomeareas.的可能因素e(71)Prefillcansometimeshelpreducesolderinginsomeareas.。(72)Variationinvolumechangestheaffectivechangeoverpoint.Thiscanchangeheatdistributioninthedie.(73)Changedmetalvelocitycanincreaseheattransfertoaproblemareainsomecases.在某些情況下，改變金屬液的充填速度可以(74)Shrinkagecanoccurwhenbiscuitistooshortforintensification.(75)Metalfreezingoffinrunners,gate(s)andthecavityduringprefillcandisruptthefillpatternandanyresultingcoldflakescancauseleaksaswell.在預(yù)先填充時，金屬在澆道、料口和型腔中的激冷會破壞其充填形式，而且任何冷料(76)Affectsthechangeoverpointwithrespecttothemetalintherunneranddie.Thismaybecauseofentrainedairsincetheshotsleevemaynotbefullatthechangeoverpoint.(77)Themachinemayhavelowaccumulatorpressureortheintensificationcircuitmaynotbeworkingeffectively.(78)Ifthisdefectoccurssuddenlythenthesearethemostlikelycauses.(79)Ifprefillused,themetalmaybetoocoldandcausestaining/streakingonthecastingsurface.(80)Solidifiedmetalintheseareascanbepusheddowntheshotsleeveandthenintothecasting.ol(82)Poorfillpatternmayconcentrateheatloadinasmallareaofth