第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023年新疆阿克蘇地區(qū)重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高考英語一模試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）A閱讀下列短文，從每小題后所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并將答案填寫在答卷上。

TheWorldCupisaninternationalfootballcompetitionthattakesplaceeveryfouryears.Thereareeightstadiumsthatareusedforthe2022Men'sWorldCup.EachreflectsanaspectoflifeinQatar.Herearefiveofthem.

AlBaytStadium

Itisnamedafterthebaytalsha'ar—thetraditionalbedouintentsusedbythenomadicpeopleinQatarandotherMiddleEasterncountries.ThedesignhonoursboththepastandthepresentofQatarandhoststheopeningmatchofthe2022Men'sWorldCup.

SeatingCapacity：60thousand.

KhalifaInternationalStadium

Itwasbuiltin1976andhasundergonesomeupdatesandchangesfortheWorldCup，asitistheoldeststadiuminQatar.Ithasamoremodernshapeandtwoarchesthatrepresentbothprogressandthewelcomingfansfromallovertheworld.

SeatingCapacity：68thousand.

EducationCityStadium

ItwasbuiltwithIslamicarchitectureinmind.Theexterior（外觀）ofthestructurehasthedesignoftriangleswhichformjaggeddiamondpatterns.Theseappeartochangecolourasthesunmovesacrossthesky.

SeatingCapacity：40thousand.

AhmedBinAliStadium

ItismadeupofpatternsthatincorporatesymbolsofQataricultureincludingtheimportanceoffamily，thebeautyofthedesertaswellasthelocalplantsandanimals.Anditliesnearthedesert.

SeatingCapacity：40thousand.

LusailStadiumQatari

Itwasinspiredbythelightsandshadowscreatedbythefanarlantern.TheshapesontheexteriorofthestadiumaresimilartothedecorationfoundonbowlsandartfoundacrosstheIslamicworld.LusailstadiumisalsothelargestsportlandmarkinQatar.

SeatingCapacity：80thousand.1.Whereistheopeningmatchofthe2022Men'sWorldCuphosted？______A.AtLusailStadium.

B.AtAlBaytStadium.

C.AtEducationCityStadium.

D.AtKhalifaInternationalStadium.2.WhatdoEducationCityStadiumandAhmedBinAliStadiumhaveincommon？______A.Theirexteriorstructureslookalike.

B.Theirexternalcolourischangeable.

C.Theyarelocatednearthedesert.

D.Theyhavethesameseatingcapacity.3.WhatisspecialaboutLusailStadium？______A.ItisQatar'slargeststadium. B.Ithastwoarches.

C.Itlookslikealantern. D.Ithasthelongesthistory.BOnaFridayeveninginDecember，twoweeksbeforeChristmas，Ilostmyjob.Ihadn'tseenitcoming.Iwasexcitedfortheweekend，whenmydaughter，Kristil，then12，andIplannedtogetourChristmastree.ThenIlistenedtomyvoicemail："We'resorry，butyourworkassignmenthasendedasoftoday."Myheartsank.

Iwasn'tjustasingleparent；Iwastheonlyparent.Mypaycheckwassurvival.IdideverythingIcouldtogiveKristilagoodlife，butthereweresomethingsmylovecouldn'tfix.Thenextdayaswesearchedforourtree，IstruggledtobecheerfulasIeyedtheChristmastreeprices.Overthenextweek，Idesperatelyappliedforjobsasmybankaccountgrewsmaller.Ifeltasiftheworldwasclosinginonme.

Backathome，Iglancedoutofthewindow.Ithadbeensnowingonandoffallmorning.Inoticedapetitewomanwithshortwhitehairstrugglingtoopenhercardooragainstthewind.Asshegotout，Irealizeditwasmyoldprofessor，SisterEstherHeffernan.

AfterIgraduated，SisterEstherkeptintouch，meetingmeforluncheveryfewmonths.Ihadgrowntoloveherlikefamily.Irushedtothefrontofmybuilding."Whatareyoudoingoutinthisweather？"Iaskedaswehugged."Well，Itriedtocalllastweekbutcouldn'tgetthrough.ThenIcalledyourjobandtheysaidyouweren'tworkingthereanymore，soIthoughtIwouldcomeby，"SisterEsthersaid.JustbeinginSisterEsther'spresencegavemehopethatthingswouldbeallright.Asshegotuptoleave，shehandedmeaChristmascard."Thisisforyou，"shesaidasshekissedmeonthecheek.

WhenIopenedhercard，Igaspedinshock.Hundred-dollarbillsfellontothetable.TearsofgratitudepuddledinmyeyesasIcounted.IsilentlythankedSisterEstherinmyheart.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterlisteningtothevoicemail？______A.Excited. B.Grateful. C.Depressed. D.Doubtful.5.Whathappenedtotheauthortheweekaftershelostherjob？______A.Shebecameasinglemom.

B.Shewasonatightbudget.

C.SheboughtaChristmastree.

D.Shesucceededinapplyingforajob.6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSisterEsther？______A.Shewastheauthor'ssister.

B.Shemettheauthorbychance.

C.Sheprovidedtheauthorwithajob.

D.Shecametotheauthor'sassistance.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.KindnessWarmsLife B.HardWorkPaysOff

C.MisfortuneMakesaManWise D.TakeItorLeaveItCAfterthewar，EuropeansdecidedtotakemoretimeoffwhileAmericanschosetokeeptheirshoulderstothewheelforlonger.AsurveybyProjectTimeOfffoundthatthemainreasonwhyAmericansareunwillingtotakealltheirvacationisfearofbeingreplaceable.Otherfactorsareheavyworkloadsandlackofcoverfromfellowemployees.Oneusefulfeatureofpublicholidaysisthatworkersworrylessaboutbeingreplacedifeveryoneelsedoesthesame.

Quittingholidaytimedoesnotalwayspleasetheboss.AstudybytheHarvardBusinessReviewin2021foundthatthosewhotook11ormoredaysoffayearwerealmosttwiceaslikelytogetaraiseorabonusasthosewhotooktendaysofforfewer.Nordoextraworkinghoursautomaticallyleadtohigherproductivity.Anotherstudybyaclubofmostlyrichcountriesin2019foundanegativecorrelation（負(fù)相關(guān)性）betweenGDPperhourandthenumberofhoursworkedacrossmembercountries.

TheInstituteforEmploymentStudiesinBritainreviewedacademicresearchonthesubjectandconcludedthatlonghoursworking（morethan48hoursaweek）wasassociatedwithvariousnegativeeffects，suchasdecreasedproductivity，poorperformance，healthproblems，andloweremployeemotivation.Thedangeristhatlonghourssimplyleadtowastedeffort.NorthcoteParkinson，amanagementtheorist，wrotethat"workexpandstofillthetimeavailable".Everyeditorknowsthatmanyjournalistsonlydelivertheirarticleswhenthedeadlineisimminent（臨近的）.Workersmaybestaringattheircomputers，buthowmanyhavedisappearedinsocialnetworking？

Themodernworldismovinginadirectionwhereroutinetasksareautomated，leavingthemorecreativeprocessestothehumans.Andhumansareundoubtedlymorecreativewhentheyarenotfeelingtired.

Soenjoythebreak，workers，andmaybetakethenextweekoffaswell.8.Inwhichaspectdopublicholidaysbenefitworkers？______A.Salary. B.Workloads. C.Mentalstate. D.Peerrelations.9.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesinParagraph2？______A.Theyhavecontradictoryresults.

B.Theyfocusonworkhoursandproductivity.

C.Theyarecarriedoutinthesametimeperiod.

D.Theyaimatimprovingworkers'performance.10.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3imply？______A.Theharderyouwork，themoretimeyouwillhave.

B.Thelongeryouwork，thelessproductiveyouare.

C.Thebetteryouperform，thehigherpositionyouwillget.

D.Thelongeryouwork，theheavierworkloadyouwillhave.11.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthistext？______A.TopersuadeAmericanstoworkharder.

B.Toimproveworkers'workingefficiency.

C.Toconfirmthenecessityoftakingvacations.

D.TopromotethestudyofProjectTimeOff.DCitynightscapescanbebeautifulbutallthoselightscanalsoblockoutnature'sbestnightshow，thestars.Now，Pittsburgh，PennsylvaniaisthefirstcityinEasternUStogodarkandthatwillhelpputthestarsinsight.

Pittsburgh'scitycouncilannouncedaDark-SkyOrdinance（法令）in2021statingthatitwouldbecomeadarkskycityin2022.Thatmeansthatitwilluselowerwattage（瓦特）LEDbulbsandaddshadestodirectthelightdownwardwhenlightingroads，bridges，andotherpublicspaces.Thiswillhelpreducelightpollutioninthecity.

Toomuchlightfromcitiesaffectspeople'ssleeppatternsandmentalhealth，wildlife，andenvironment.That'sbecausetraditionallightingoftenjustspills（溢出）upintotheskywithoutfocusingonroadsandwalkways.That'swhytheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation（IDA）cameupwithanapproachtooutdoorlightingcalledValues-Centered.Thisapproachhelpstomeetlightingneedswhilereducinglightpollution.PittsburghisthefirstcityintheworldtouseIDA'sValues-Centeredlighting.

Theordinancewhichonlyaffectspublicfacilitieswillreplaceabout40，000lightbulbswithLEDsthatwillsendoutlessbluelight，thetypeoflightthatisharmfultoanimals，insectsandplants.TheordinancewillalsoreplacethoseLEDstreetlightsthatwereinstalledinthe2010s."Aboutadecadeago，4，297streetlightswerereplacedwith5，000-kelvinLEDs，"saidDianeTurnshek，adarkskyexpertatCarnegieMellonUniversity."Thesebright，blue-whitelightsturnnightintoday，andarealeadingcauseoftheworld'sgrowinglightpollution，soPittsburghwillreplacethemwithlower-temperature，amber-coloredLEDs."

Theselightsarealsomoreaffordabletooperatesoitisawin-winforthecityandthepeoplewholivethere.ButPittsburghisnotthefirstUSdarkcity.ThathonorbelongstoFlagstaff，Arizona.ButasmoreandmorecitiesexperimentwithLightsOutperiodsduringbirdmigrations（遷徙）—somethingPittsburghandPhiladelphiatookpartin—thisisanideathatcanreallytakeoff.12.WhydoesPittsburghcarryoutDark-SkyOrdinance？______A.Toblockoutnightshow. B.Toshadethestreetlights.

C.Todecreaselightpollution. D.Toimprovepeople'shealth.13.WhatadvantagedothenewLEDshave？______A.Theyareeasiertoinstall. B.Theyhavebrightercolor.

C.Theyaremoreeco-friendly. D.Theyhavehighertemperature.14.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionoftheDark-SkyOrdinance？______A.Itisshort-sighted. B.Itshouldbesuccessful.

C.Itwillupsetcitizens. D.Itmaylimitmigration.15.Whatisthetext？______A.Aproductadvertisement. B.Anacademicpaper.

C.Abookreview. D.Anewsreport.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whetheryoushouldeatbeforebed—definedasbetweendinnerandbedtime—hasbecomeahottopicinnutrition.Itisgenerallybelievedthateatingbeforebedcouldcauseweightgainbecauseyourmetabolism（新陳代謝）usuallyslowsdownwhenyoufallasleep.（1）______.However，somehealthexpertssaythateatingbeforebedisperfectlyfineandmayimprovesleeporweightloss.（2）______.

Thecurrentevidenceshowsnocertainphysiologicalreasonwhyeatingbeforebedshouldcauseweightgain.However，severalstudiesshowthatpeoplewhoeatbeforebedaremorelikelytogainweight.（3）______.Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoeatbeforebedaremorelikelytogainweightsimplybecauseabedtimesnackisanextramealand，therefore，extracalories.

（4）______，itcanbenefitothers—itmayactuallycontrolnighttimeeatingandaidweightloss.Ifyou'resomeonewhotendstoeatabigportionofyourcaloriesafterdinner，havingastructuredsnackafterdinnerinsteadofcontinuallyeatingcanhelptomanageyourappetiteandmaypreventovereating.

（5）______，butyoushouldtrytoavoideatingtoomuch.Sticktominimallyprocessed，nutrient-richfoodsthatmayhelpyoustaywithinyourdesiredcalorielimitfortheday.

A.Itisdefinitelybadtoeatbeforebed

B.Overeatingissurelyharmfultoyou

C.Eatingasnackbeforebedisfineformostpeople

D.Thereasonforthisismuchsimplerthanyoumightexpect

E.Whileeatingbeforebedmaynotbethebestideaforsomepeople

F.Thiscouldincreasethechancethatthecalorieswillbestoredasfat

G.Soit'snosurprisethatmanypeopleareunsureofwhatthebestoptionis16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

JackRichardslovestobearoundnature."WhereIgrewup，therewerenotalotof（1）______outside，"saidJackRichards."Somepeoplehadthem；somepeopledidn't."

Jackdiscoveredhis（2）______forplantsattheageof10.Growingup，he（3）______greatskillsingrowingplantsandlearnedmoreabout（4）______eachandeveryday.

"AsIgotalittleolder，oneblockinmyneighborhoodwouldbe（5）______withflowersandthingsintheyard，"hesaid."（6）______inanotherblocktherewouldbenone."

Sincethen，Jackhadwantedto（7）______hisloveofplantswiththecommunity.Butthedream（8）______justaseedwhileheworkedanordinarydayjob.Sittinginthecompanyheoften（9）______hehadtodosomethingelse.Jackthen（10）______theseed.Hestarted（11）______，sellingatalocaloutdoormarketandthencomingtoshowsandfestival.

ByDecember2021，hehadhis（12）______"Foliage".There，hesellscommonplants，（13）______plants，smallplants，andlargeplants."The（14）______istosellthemtohomeownersto（15）______theirhomeandalsotocleantheair，"hesaid.

Jack'shomeisinacentralgardeningcenterinthecity.Hehopeshismessagewillbeableto（16）______othercommunities."Everyoneshouldbuyhouseplants.Everyoneshouldwant（17）______air，"hesaid."And（18）______，inthefuturewhenourchildren（19）______，wecanmakeitbetter."

Jackplanson（20）______toworkhardtosupportnotonlyhisstore，buthisboys，fourdogs，onecatand128plantsathome.21.

A.communities B.companies C.jobs D.plants22.

A.gratitude B.responsibility C.love D.demand23.

A.used B.required C.lacked D.developed24.

A.nature B.people C.animals D.neighborhood25.

A.concerned B.filled C.born D.loaded26.

A.And B.But C.For D.So27.

A.connect B.compare C.share D.exchange28.

A.proved B.became C.remained D.grew29.

A.promised B.regretted C.worried D.thought30.

A.planted B.forgot C.tracked D.sold31.

A.big B.special C.quiet D.small32.

A.home B.store C.market D.garden33.

A.rare B.expensive C.familiar D.different34.

A.goal B.problem C.duty D.suggestion35.

A.build B.find C.make D.beautify36.

A.satisfy B.miss C.reach D.educate37.

A.cleaner B.cooler C.wetter D.dryer38.

A.inotherwords B.inthatway C.bytheway D.byallmeans39.

A.comeback B.goaway C.growup D.moveabout40.

A.managing B.continuing C.choosing D.offering四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.WouldyouwearaT-shirtmadeoutofcoconuts？Orliveinahouse（1）______（make）frommushrooms？Thesearesomeoftheideas（2）______（limit）waste.TheyareondisplayinanewexhibitioncalledWasteAge.

Fromfashion（3）______food，electronicstopackaging，alotofthethingspeoplebuy（4）______（be）onlyusedforashortperiodoftimeandthenthrownaway.Thishascreatedaworldwideproblemof（5）______todealwiththewastewethrowawayandhowtofindmoresustainable（可持續(xù)的）materialsforproducts.Thegoodnewsisthereareintelligent，（6）______（create）andinventivemindsworkingtosolvetheissue，andsomeof（7）______（they）ideasarenowondisplay.

Amongmorethan300objectsondisplayareitemsbyfashiondesignersthatshownewwaysoldmaterialscanbeusedtocreateclothes.Forexample，StellaMcCartneyhascreatedclothesusingnylonfromfishingnetsandfactorywaste.Thereisalsoapartexploringhowmaterialswecangrow，such（8）______mushroomsandcoconuts，canreplacethoseweextract（提?。ゝromEarth.Thesecouldthen（9）______（turn）intobuildingblocksandclothes.Alarge-scaleartinstallation（裝置）byIbrahimMahamaisalsoondisplay.Theimpressiveexhibitismadeoutofe-wastefromGhana.

Theexhibitionaimstoinspirepeopletocomeupwithnewwaysof（10）______（protect）theenvironment.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

（2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

DearMr.Smith，

IamLiHua，aexchangestudentfromChina.I'mwritingtomakeausefullysuggestionthatweshouldsettingupaChineseCalligraphyClubinourschool.

AsfarasIknow，manystudentsinourschoolareveryinterestinginChinesecalligraphy.TheywanttohaveaclubthattheycanstudyChinesecalligraphyandlearnedmoreaboutChineseculture.Soitiswisetostartone.Beside，Ialsobelieveinthisclubwillofferagreatopportunityforstudentstomakemorefriends.

I'dappreciateifyoucouldtakemyadvicesintoconsideration.

Yours，LiHua六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.據(jù)2021年國家衛(wèi)生健康委公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年我國兒童青少年的總體近視率為52.7%，高中生近視率高達(dá)80.5%。假設(shè)你是李華，請在世界愛眼日寫一篇關(guān)于"愛眼護(hù)眼"的英文倡議書。

要點(diǎn)如下：

（1）簡述我國青少年視力現(xiàn)狀；

（2）指出愛護(hù)眼睛的意義；

（3）給出改善的具體措施。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：世界愛眼日WorldSightDay國家衛(wèi)生健康委theNationalHealthCommission

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、D、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Al

Bayt

Stadium中的It

is

named

after

the

bayt

al

sha'ar—the

traditional

bedouin

tents

used

by

the

nomadic

people

in

Qatar

and

other

Middle

Eastern

countries.The

design

honours

both

the

past

and

the

present

of

Qatar

and

hosts

the

opening

match

of

the

2022

Men's

World

Cup.（它以baytalsha'ar命名，baytalsha'ar是卡塔爾和其他中東國家游牧民族使用的傳統(tǒng)貝都因帳篷。該設(shè)計向卡塔爾的過去和現(xiàn)在致敬，卡塔爾將主辦2022年男子世界杯的揭幕戰(zhàn)。）可知2022年男子世界杯的揭幕戰(zhàn)在阿爾貝特體育場舉行。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Education

City

Stadium中的Seating

Capacity：40

thousand.（座位：4萬人）以及Ahmed

Bin

Ali

Stadium中的Seating

Capacity：40

thousand.（座位：4萬人）可知Education

City

Stadium與Ahmed

Bin

Ali

Stadium的共同之處是它們的座位是一樣的。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lusail

Stadium部分中的Lusail

stadium

is

also

the

largest

sport

landmark

in

Qatar.（盧塞爾體育場也是卡塔爾最大的體育地標(biāo)。）可知盧塞爾體育場的特別之處在于它是卡塔爾最大的體育場。故選A。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了2022年男足世界杯的幾個場館。

考查應(yīng)用文。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。

4~7.【答案】C、B、D、A【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Then

I

listened

to

my

voicemail："We're

sorry，but

your

work

assignment

has

ended

as

of

today."My

heart

sank.（然后我聽到了我的語音信箱："我們很抱歉，但你的工作任務(wù)從今天開始已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。"我的心沉了下去。）可知作者聽了語音郵件后感到沮喪。A.Excited.興奮的；B.Grateful.感激的；C.Depressed.沮喪的；D.Doubtful.懷疑的。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Overthenextweek，Idesperatelyappliedforjobsasmybankaccountgrewsmaller.Ifeltasiftheworldwasclosinginonme.（接下來的一周，隨著我的銀行賬戶越來越小，我拼命地申請工作。我覺得好像世界正在向我逼近。）可知她失業(yè)后的那個星期，她手頭很緊。故選B。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段When

I

opened

her

card，I

gasped

in

shock.Hundred-dollar

bills

fell

onto

the

table.Tears

of

gratitude

puddled

in

my

eyes

as

I

counted.I

silently

thanked

Sister

Esther

in

my

heart.（當(dāng)我打開她的卡時，我震驚地倒吸一口冷氣。百元大鈔掉在桌子上。我數(shù)的時候，感激的淚水在我眼里打轉(zhuǎn)。我在心里默默感謝Esther。）可知D.She

came

to

the

author's

assistance.（她來幫助作者。）符合題意。故選D。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章最后一段When

I

opened

her

card，I

gasped

in

shock.Hundred-dollar

bills

fell

onto

the

table.Tears

of

gratitude

puddled

in

my

eyes

as

I

counted.I

silently

thanked

Sister

Esther

in

my

heart.（當(dāng)我打開她的卡時，我震驚地倒吸一口冷氣。百元大鈔掉在桌子上。我數(shù)的時候，感激的淚水在我眼里打轉(zhuǎn)。我在心里默默感謝Esther。）可知本文的最佳標(biāo)題是A.Kindness

Warms

Life（善良溫暖生活）。故選A。

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者在圣誕節(jié)前丟了工作，接下來的的一周，作者想盡快找到工作掙錢，買下圣誕樹。隨后的周日下午，作者帶著女兒Kristil去一個富裕的封閉式社區(qū)參加一個生日聚會，讓作者心靈備受打擊?；丶液?，就在作者看著下雪的窗外的時候，看到了曾經(jīng)的老師Esther。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

8~11.【答案】C、D、B、C【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Afterthewar，EuropeansdecidedtotakemoretimeoffwhileAmericanschosetokeeptheirshoulderstothewheelforlonger.AsurveybyProjectTimeOfffoundthatthemainreasonwhyAmericansareunwillingtotakealltheirvacationisfearofbeingreplaceable.Otherfactorsareheavyworkloadsandlackofcoverfromfellowemployees.Oneusefulfeatureofpublicholidaysisthatworkersworrylessaboutbeingreplacedifeveryoneelsedoesthesame.（戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，歐洲人決定休更多的假，而美國人則選擇長時間坐在方向盤上。ProjectTimeOff的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人不愿意休完所有假期的主要原因是害怕被取代。其他因素還包括繁重的工作和缺乏同事的支持。公共假期的一個有用的特點(diǎn)是，如果其他人都這樣做，工人們就不那么擔(dān)心被取代。）可推知，公共假期對工人的好處體現(xiàn)在精神狀態(tài)方面。A.Salary薪水；B.Workloads工作負(fù)荷；C.Mentalstate精神狀態(tài)；D.Peerrelations同事關(guān)系。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Quittingholidaytimedoesnotalwayspleasetheboss.AstudybytheHarvardBusinessReviewin2021foundthatthosewhotook11ormoredaysoffayearwerealmosttwiceaslikelytogetaraiseorabonusasthosewhotooktendaysofforfewer.Nordoextraworkinghoursautomaticallyleadtohigherproductivity.Anotherstudybyaclubofmostlyrichcountriesin2019foundanegativecorrelation

betweenGDPperhourandthenumberofhoursworkedacrossmembercountries.（放棄假期并不總能讓老板高興?！豆鹕虡I(yè)評論》（HarvardBusinessReview）在2021年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每年休假11天或更長時間的人獲得加薪或獎金的可能性幾乎是休假10天或更短時間的人的兩倍。額外的工作時間也不會自動帶來更高的生產(chǎn)率。2019年，一個主要由富裕國家組成的俱樂部進(jìn)行的另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，成員國每小時的GDP與工作小時數(shù)之間存在負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。）及第三段中TheInstituteforEmploymentStudiesinBritainreviewedacademicresearchonthesubjectandconcludedthatlonghoursworking（morethan48hoursaweek）wasassociatedwithvariousnegativeeffects，suchasdecreasedproductivity，poorperformance，healthproblems，andloweremployeemotivation.Thedangeristhatlonghourssimplyleadtowastedeffort.（英國就業(yè)研究所回顧了有關(guān)該主題的學(xué)術(shù)研究，得出結(jié)論：長時間工作（每周超過48小時）與各種負(fù)面影響有關(guān)，如生產(chǎn)力下降、表現(xiàn)不佳、健康問題和員工積極性降低。危險在于長時間工作只會浪費(fèi)精力。）可知，第二段提到的兩項(xiàng)研究是為了說明放棄假期并不總能讓老板高興，由此推斷，老板這樣做的目的是提高工人的表現(xiàn)。故選D。

（3）詞句釋義題。根據(jù)NorthcoteParkinson，amanagementtheorist，wrotethat"workexpandstofillthetimeavailable".Everyeditorknowsthatmanyjournalistsonlydelivertheirarticleswhenthedeadlineisimminent

.Workersmaybestaringattheircomputers，buthowmanyhavedisappearedinsocialnetworking？（管理理論家NorthcoteParkinson寫道："workexpandstofillthetimeavailable"每個編輯都知道，許多記者只在截稿日期臨近時才發(fā)表文章。員工們可能正盯著電腦，但有多少人已經(jīng)消失在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中？）可知，劃線部分句子字面意思是"工作擴(kuò)展到填滿可用時間"，根據(jù)后文的舉例說明，可推知，該句意思是指人們工作的時間越長，越會分散精力在與工作無關(guān)的事情上，工作的實(shí)際效率會降低。A.Theharderyouwork，themoretimeyouwillhave你工作越努力，你的時間就越多；B.Thelongeryouwork，thelessproductiveyouare你工作的時間越長，效率就越低；C.Thebetteryouperform，thehigherpositionyouwillget你表現(xiàn)得越好，職位就會越高；D.Thelongeryouwork，theheavierworkloadyouwillhave你工作的時間越長，你的工作量就越大。故選B。

（4）寫作目的題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了人們需要休假的原因是在不感到疲倦的時候更有創(chuàng)造力，工作的效率會更高，所以放棄假期并不總能讓老板高興，堅持修完假的員工獲得加薪或獎金的可能性更大。所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是闡述度假的必要性。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們需要休假的原因是在不感到疲倦的時候更有創(chuàng)造力，工作的效率會更高，所以放棄假期并不總能讓老板高興，堅持修完假的員工獲得加薪或獎金的可能性更大。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

12~15.【答案】C、C、B、D【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Pittsburgh's

city

council

announced

a

Dark-Sky

Ordinance（法令）in

2021

stating

that

it

would

become

a

dark

sky

city

in

2022.That

means

that

it

will

use

lower

wattage（瓦特）LED

bulbs

and

add

shades

to

direct

the

light

downward

when

lighting

roads，bridges，and

other

public

spaces.This

will

help

reduce

light

pollution

in

the

city.（匹茲堡市議會在2021年宣布了一項(xiàng)黑暗天空法令，稱它將在2022年成為一個黑暗天空城市。這意味著它將使用更低瓦數(shù)的LED燈泡，并增加燈罩，以便在照明道路、橋梁和其他公共場所時將光線向下引導(dǎo)。這將有助于減少城市的光污染。）可知匹茲堡實(shí)施黑暗天空法令以減少光污染。A.To

block

out

night

show.阻止夜間演出；B.To

shade

the

street

lights.遮蔽街燈；C.To

decrease

light

pollution.減少光污染；D.To

improve

people's

health.提高人們的健康水平。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段The

ordinance

which

only

affects

public

facilities

will

replace

about

40，000

light

bulbs

with

LEDs

that

will

send

out

less

blue

light，the

type

of

light

that

is

harmful

to

animals，insects

and

plants.（這項(xiàng)只影響公共設(shè)施的法令將把大約40，000個燈泡換成發(fā)光二極管，這種發(fā)光二極管發(fā)出的藍(lán)光較少，這種藍(lán)光對動物、昆蟲和植物有害。）可知新的發(fā)光二極管的優(yōu)勢在于它們更環(huán)保。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段But

as

more

and

more

cities

experiment

with

Lights

Out

periods

during

bird

migrations（遷徙）—something

Pittsburgh

and

Philadelphia

took

part

in—this

is

an

idea

that

can

really

take

off.（但是隨著越來越多的城市在鳥類遷徙期間進(jìn)行熄燈期的實(shí)驗(yàn)匹茲堡和費(fèi)城參與了其中這是一個可以真正起飛的想法。）可知《黑暗天空法令》的通過應(yīng)該是成功的。A.It

is

short-sighted.這是目光短淺的；B.It

should

be

successful.應(yīng)該會成功的；C.It

will

upset

citizens.這會讓市民不安；D.It

may

limit

migration.它可能會限制遷移。故選B。

（4）文章類型題。根據(jù)文章第二段Pittsburgh's

city

council

announced

a

Dark-Sky

Ordinance（法令）in

2021

stating

that

it

would

become

a

dark

sky

city

in

2022.That

means

that

it

will

use

lower

wattage（瓦特）LED

bulbs

and

add

shades

to

direct

the

light

downward

when

lighting

roads，bridges，and

other

public

spaces.This

will

help

reduce

light

pollution

in

the

city.（匹茲堡市議會在2021年宣布了一項(xiàng)黑暗天空法令，稱它將在2022年成為一個黑暗天空城市。這意味著它將使用更低瓦數(shù)的LED燈泡，并增加燈罩，以便在照明道路、橋梁和其他公共場所時將光線向下引導(dǎo)。這將有助于減少城市的光污染。）可知本文是一篇新聞報道。A.A

product

advertisement.產(chǎn)品廣告；B.An

academic

paper.一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文；C.A

book

review.書評；D.A

news

report.新聞報道。故選D。

本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了匹茲堡市議會在2021年宣布了一項(xiàng)黑暗天空法令，稱它將在2022年成為一個黑暗天空城市。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

16~20.【答案】F、C、A、E、B【解析】（1）因果關(guān)系題。根據(jù)前文Itisgenerallybelievedthateatingbeforebedcouldcauseweightgainbecauseyourmetabolismusuallyslowsdownwhenyoufallasleep.（人們普遍認(rèn)為睡前吃東西會導(dǎo)致體重增加，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你入睡時你的新陳代謝通常會減慢。）可知，睡前吃東西，由于睡眠時新陳代謝的減緩，導(dǎo)致的后果就是食物不能消耗而使人發(fā)胖，所以F選項(xiàng)Thiscouldincreasethechancethatthecalorieswillbestoredasfat（這可能會增加卡路里被儲存為脂肪的機(jī)會）符合語境。故選F。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前文However，somehealthexpertssaythateatingbeforebedisperfectlyfineandmayimprovesleeporweightloss.（然而，一些健康專家說，睡前吃東西是完全沒有問題的，而且可以改善睡眠或減輕體重）可知，一些專家認(rèn)為，睡前可以吃東西，所以C選項(xiàng)Eatingasnackbeforebedisfineformostpeople（對大多數(shù)人來說，睡前吃點(diǎn)零食沒什么問題）順應(yīng)前句的意思，符合語境。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)后文Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoeatbeforebedaremorelikelytogainweightsimplybecauseabedtimesnackisanextramealand，therefore，extracalories.（事實(shí)證明，睡前吃東西的人更容易發(fā)胖，因?yàn)樗傲闶呈且活D額外的飯，因此會產(chǎn)生額外的卡路里。）可知，該句表述了原因，所以前一句應(yīng)該表述的是一個觀點(diǎn)，是用原因來佐證觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)Itisdefinitelybadtoeatbeforebed（睡覺前吃東西絕對不好）符合語境。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoeatbeforebedaremorelikelytogainweightsimplybecauseabedtimesnackisanextramealand，therefore，extracalories.（事實(shí)證明，睡前吃東西的人更容易發(fā)胖，因?yàn)樗傲闶呈且活D額外的飯，因此會產(chǎn)生額外的卡路里。）可知，睡前吃東西容易發(fā)胖，E選項(xiàng)Whileeatingbeforebedmaynotbethebestideaforsomepeople（雖然睡前吃東西對一些人來說可能不是最好的主意）順應(yīng)前文，用while"雖然"過渡到下一句的itcanbenefitothers—itmayactuallycontrolnighttimeeatingandaidweightloss（它可以造福另外一些人——它實(shí)際上可以控制夜間進(jìn)食，有助于減肥。），符合語境，此外注意短語some…others…"一些人……另外一些人……"在此的銜接作用。故選E。

（5）推理判斷題。根據(jù)后文butyoushouldtrytoavoideatingtoomuch.（但你應(yīng)該盡量避免吃得太多。）進(jìn)行反推可知，B選項(xiàng)Overeatingissurely