Unit6NatureinwordsPeriod3UsinglanguageTopicNon-finiteformsasattributive,adverbialandcomplementTeacherTeachingAims:Letthestudentsknowmoreabouttheusageofnon-finiteformsasattributive,adverbialandcomplement.Guidethestudentstofindandsummarizetherulesofnon-finiteformsasattributive,adverbialandcomplement.TeachingimportantPoints:1.Helpthestudentstograspthekeypointstousenon-finiteformsasattributive,adverbialandcomplement.2.Guidethestudentstopayattentiontothepragmaticfunctionofnon-finiteformsasattributive,adverbialandcomplementandlearntouseitintherealcontext.Teachingdifficultpoints:Helpthestudentstograspsomekeysentencepatterns.Teachingmethods:IntroductionmethodTeachingtype:Grammar課時(shí)twoTeachingprocedure:Teachingcontents:Step1:Leading-inStep2:Step3:Step4:Summary非謂語動(dòng)詞，又叫非限定動(dòng)詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，通常置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與被修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂、動(dòng)賓或同位關(guān)系。·Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主謂關(guān)系)她總是第一個(gè)到，最后一個(gè)離開?！oyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)你有什么話要為自己說嗎?·DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?(同位關(guān)系)你有用英語讀寫的能力嗎?(2)分作定語①作定語的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為doing，beingdone和done。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用doing;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用beingdone;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示分詞動(dòng)作已完成時(shí)，用done。·Ihaveneverseenamoremovingfilm.我從沒看過比這更感人的電影?！hehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.正在建的房子是給老師們的?！eisateacherrespectedbyallhisstudents.他是一位受所有學(xué)生尊敬的老師。②作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為doing和done。doing表示正在進(jìn)行;done表示已經(jīng)完成?！oilingwater沸騰的水·boiledwater開水(3)動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞可置于名詞前作定語，表示被修飾的名詞的用途和性能?！walkingstick=astickforwalking手杖·asleepingcar=acarforsleeping臥鋪車廂Task:用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Aswewalkedon,Isaid,“Idon’thavecash,butwhydon'tweaskhimifhewouldlikesomething(eat)?”②Therailway(build)nowwillconnectthevillagetoalargecity.③Accordingtoonestudy(publish)inacancerresearchjournal,drinkinggreenteareducestheriskofsometypesofcancerbynearlysixtypercent.④Wehadtowalkonapath(make)byalineofbricksonthemuddyground.⑤However,readingnovelsisnottheonlyway(improve)yourEnglish.⑥Hispoem,SecondFarewelltoCambridge,isnowacompulsorytextonChineseliterature,(learn)bymillionsofschoolchildrenacrossourcountryeveryyear.⑦Thatverysamenight,sheheardapieceof(shock)news.⑧OnChristmasDay,Isharedthespiritofgivingbypresentingrelativesinthevillagewith(import)chocolateswrappedinfestivegoldpaper.Answers:①toeat②beingbuilt③published④made⑤toimprove⑥learned/learnt⑦shocking⑧imported非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語(1)分作狀語分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語，在句中作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、伴隨等狀語。①現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由句子主語執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系?！earingthenews,theygotexcited.聽到這個(gè)消息，他們很興奮。②過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系?！iventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintointernationalstars.如果給予一種正確的訓(xùn)練，這些青少年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員有一天可能會(huì)成長為國際明星。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語①動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等?！eopenedthewindowtoletsomefreshairin(表示目的)他打開窗戶讓一些新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。·Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.(表示結(jié)果)我匆忙趕到車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。·ShewassurprisedtoseeGeorgewalkin.(表示原因)看到喬治走進(jìn)來，她很驚訝。②動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo,soastodo,todo等，但soastodo不能置于句首?！nordertopasstheexam,heworkedhard.為了通過考試，他努力學(xué)習(xí)。③作目的狀語的動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作必須是主語發(fā)出的?！olearnEnglishwell,hisfatherboughthimadictionary(×)·TolearnEnglishwellheboughtadictionary.(√)Task:用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Not(know)heraddressorphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.②Thoughtheydidalltheycould(help)thembuttimesweretoughforthem.③(encourage)bytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.④(turn)around,wesawanoldwomanwalkingtowardstheriver.⑤Igoinside,excitedtotellmygrandpaaboutwhatI'vedone,only(find)heissleeping.⑥Hewipedhisfeetatthedoorandclosedthedoorbehindhim，(mean)thathewascareful.⑦IfIgotonemorechancetobe15-year-old,Iwouldmakefulluseoftheschooltime(enrich)myknowledge.⑧Parkourpaysmoreattentiontoefficiency,(make)itdifferentfromthesimilarpracticeoffreerunning.Answers：①knowing②tohelp③Encouraged④Turning⑤tofind⑥meaning⑦toenrich⑧making非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(1)后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞(短語)①有些動(dòng)詞(短語)后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即“動(dòng)詞(短語)+賓語+todo”。常見的這類動(dòng)詞(短語)有:advise建議 allow允許 ask要求 beg懇求 cause導(dǎo)致 encourage鼓勵(lì) permit準(zhǔn)許 forbid禁止 force強(qiáng)迫 intend打算 invite邀請 order命令persuade說服 prefer更喜歡 require要求 teach教 remind提醒 tell告訴want想要 warn警告 wish希望 waitfor等待 callon號召 dependon依靠 ·Sheexplainedtherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.她向?qū)W生解釋了規(guī)則，并要求每個(gè)人都遵守它們?！edependsonyoutohelphimwithhisEnglish.他指望你幫他學(xué)英語。②下列動(dòng)詞接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語:一感(feel)二聽(hear,listento)，三讓(let,have,make)，五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat)，半幫助(help)。但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)須加to?！omeoneobservedthethiefenterthebank.→Thethiefwasobservedtoenterthebank.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))有人看見小偷進(jìn)了銀行。③常用動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語的句型:sb./sth.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendonesth.·Heissaidtohavebeencheatedinthestreet.據(jù)說，他在大街上被騙了。·Theaccidentisreportedtohavekilledtwopeople.據(jù)報(bào)道，那次事故中有兩人喪生。(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞作感官動(dòng)詞(短語)、使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)①感官動(dòng)詞(短語)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的賓語補(bǔ)足語有四種形式，以see為例:see+賓語+dosth.看見……做了某事see+賓語+doingsth.看見……正在做某事see+賓語+done看見……被做 ·Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.我看見他幾分鐘前離開了?！sIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.當(dāng)我走近時(shí)，我看見他的腿在空中亂踢，并且呼吸沉重?！'dliketoseetheplancarriedout.我想看到這個(gè)計(jì)劃被執(zhí)行。②使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have后接復(fù)合賓語的情況:make+賓語+do讓……做……make+賓語+done讓……被做·Theteachermadesomestudentsstayintheclassroomafterschool.老師讓一些學(xué)生放學(xué)后待在教室里?！etriedtomakehimselfunderstood.他盡量把自己的意思表達(dá)清楚了。Task:用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Thenewteachingmethodsencouragechildren(think)forthemselves.②Hegavemefulldirectionstoenableme(find)hishouse.③Idon'tthinksheintendedme(hear)theremark.④Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog(follow)them.⑤Theyhadthelight(burn)allnight.⑥USbiologistStaceyHarmerandhercolleagueshadit(explain)inarecentpaperpublishedinthejournalScience.⑦Latelastmonth,KarenMartineznoticedasmallboy(wander)onthestreetalonewithoutanyshoes.⑧Afterpickingbooks,borrowersarerequired(present)theinformationsuchastheirlibrarymembershipcardsandcellphonenumbers.⑨Withindays,IfoundmyselfhavingcompleteconversationsinEnglishandeven(use)idiomscorrectly⑩Listen!Doyouhearsomeone(call)forhelp??Alexandertriedtogethiswork(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.?Robertissaid(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.?Shedidn’tknowFrenchatall,soshecouldn’tmakeherself(understand).?Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee(carry)outthenextyear.?Itwasquitedark,butIcouldseeaman(lie)onthefloor,tiedupwithrope.Answers：①tothink②tofind③tohear④following⑤burning⑥explained⑦wandering⑧topresent⑨using⑩calling?recognized?tohavestudied?understood?carried?lyingThislessonsuccessfullycompletedthepre-settasksandachievedgoodeffects.Homework完成下列語法練習(xí)題1.Allcustomers(travel)onTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding2.Astudy(conduct)inYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.3.ChineseNewYearisacelebration(mark)theendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.4.Thebeautifullongbranches(cover)withpink-coloredbudsmakefantasticdecorations.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurants