第1頁（共1頁）2020-2021學(xué)年上海市楊浦區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試卷（一模）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A.Professorandstudent.B.Employerandemployee.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.D.Salespersonandclient.2．A.Itwasaveryspecialproduction.B.Itwasalittledisappointing.C.Itwasfullofexcitingaction.D.Itwasasexceptionalasexpected.3．A.Hedoesn'tliketheview.B.Hedoesn'ttrustelevators.C.Heisafraidofheight.D.Hefeelsisolatedonbridges.4．A.ThisSunday.B.NextThursday.C.NextMonday.D.TheMondayafternext.5．A.Thecontractcontainstoomanystickypoints.B.Thebudgetislimitedfortheplannedproject.C.Neithersideiswillingtoinitiatetheproject.D.Thetwosidescan'tagreeonthebudget.6．A.Sorry.B.Puzzled.C.Impatient.D.Angry.7．A.Itwasseriouslydamaged.B.Itwasbadlyflooded.C.Itcrashedonabridge.D.Itwasbeyondrepair.8．A.Makeonecakeatatime.B.Followthestep﹣by﹣stepguide.C.Ignorethecomplicatedprocedure.D.Memorizetheinstructions.9．A.Hewillgotoagymafterwork.B.Heisunlikelytoexerciseregularly.C.Heisnotallowedtoexerciseintheoffice.D.Hewilldefinitelychangehisschedule.10．A.Jasondeservestobepunished.B.Jasonhaslostcontrolofthesituation.C.Jasonissuretoaccomplishtheassignment.D.Jasonneedstoimprovehisperformance.SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（1）A.Tomakeitstandoutamongtheexhibits.B.Togivetheimpressionofdiscolouration.C.Tomakeitlookliketheoriginalpiece.D.Toshowcasetheartisticstyleoftheartist.（2）A.Itwassoldforrecordonemillionpounds.B.Itwasrestoredtoitsoriginalstate.C.Itwaspartiallydamagedbyaccident.D.Itwasthrownawayonpurpose.（3）A.Accidentscausedbylackofsecurityinmuseums.B.Impactsofdamagedartworksonthepublic.C.Challengesofguardingtheartworksinmuseums.D.Incidentsofartworksfallingvictimtohumanerrors.12．（1）A.Launchingananti﹣smokingcampaign.B.Presentingthreehealthrelatedvideos.C.Introducingapublicservicevideo!D.Proposingideasforthevideocontent.（2）A.Hesmokesthreecigarettesbeforegettingtoschool.B.Hetendstoavoidsportsbothinandoutofschool.C.Hesmokessecretivelywhenhecan'tconcentrate.D.Hisparentshavestoppedgivinghimpocketmoney.（3）A.Itemphasizesthevalueofphysicalactivities.B.Ithasquestionintheendtoarouseinterest.C.Itfollowsthedailylivesofagroupofteenagers.D.Itshowstheeffectsofsmokingonateenager.13．（1）A.Tomakeahugeprofit.B.Tobuildacustomerbase.C.Toattractnewinvestors.D.Todefeatoldbrands.（2）A.Organizingcontestsinthestores.B.Invitingcelebritiestohandoutfreesamples.C.Introducingitontheofficialwebsite.D.FeaturingitonsomeTVchannels.（3）A.Exposureonanotherbrand'swebsiteisimpractical.B.Offlinepromotionsareforbiddenthesedays.C.Doingsodoesn'trequireahugeinvestment.D.Socialmediapresenceisvitalforpromotion.（4）A.Thepricingandmarketingstrategies.B.Thecompany'sdevelopmentobstacles.C.Theactionplanofsettingareasonableprice.D.Thefactorsinexpandingthemarket.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank14．CausesofandSolutionstoFrugalFatigue（節(jié)儉疲勞癥）Haveyoueverattemptedtosavemoneytosuchadegreethatyouarenotenjoyingyourlifeanymore？Ifso，youcouldbesufferingfromfrugalfatigue.Simply（1）（put），frugalfatiguereferstobeingsickandtiredofattemptingtosaveeverypennythatyouearn.Whenyouaredeterminedtoprioritizeyoursavings，itcanbeinitially（2）（tempt）tocutouteverysingleluxuryitemfromyourbudget.However，theproblemwiththisstrategyisthatinthelongrun，youmayexperienceburnoutfromallowingyourselfnoluxurieswhatsoever.Frugalfatiguecanbecomparedtoextremedieting.Someoneattemptingtodietinordertoloseweight（3）decidetogiveupalltreatssuchaschocolate，cakes，andalcohol，（4）ofwhichpresentshealthrisksifconsumedinmoderation.（5）monthsofeatingnothingbutvegetablesandsnackingonfruitsalone，itwouldbenosurpriseifonebecamefedupwithdieting.Whattendstohappeninthecasesoffrugalfatigueisthattheindividualinquestionsuddenlyreachesabreakingpoint（6）hegoesonspendingspree（狂歡）togetrelief.Thiscausesthemtoloseallthesavingsthatthey（7）（store）upthusfar，andthentheysufferfromfinancialanxietyagain.So，howdoesonepreventfrugalfatigue？Onemethodistoavoidadoptinganall﹣or﹣nothingattitude.（8）（plan）acarefulbudgetthatnotonlyenablesyoutosavemoneybutalsoallowsyoutheoccasionalluxurypurchase.Thisway，youwillnotfeel（9）youarerobbingyourselfofalltreats.Anothereffectivestrategyistoestablishrealisticgoalsforsaving.Trytobreakupyourfinancialgoalsintomanageablemilestones.Besuretokeepveryclearreasonsinmindfor（10）youaresaving，whetherit'sforavacationoraretirementfund.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．A.includingB.impressionsC.standingD.restoredE.missingF.funG.comfortH.associatedI.inspiredJ.markedK.contactAncientCivilizationsHadGameNightsToo！MortenRamstad，aresearcherattheUniversityofBergen，Norway，andhisteamspottedoneoftherareobjectswhileunearthingtheremainsofanEarlyIronAge（400﹣300BC）burialsiteinWesternNorway.Buryinglovedoneswithbasicnecessitieslikeceramicpotsandclothing，toensuretheir（1）intheafterlife，wasafairlycommontraditioninancientcultures.However，thefamiliesofsomeluckyindividualswentastepfurtherby（2）aboardgameforentertainment.Thoughthegameboardwas（3），thearcheologists，whorevealedtheirfindingsonApril5，2020，managedtorecoverthedice（骰子）and18circulargamepieces.Unlikethemodern﹣daycubica（立體的）dice，whichare（4）withadifferentnumberofdotsfromonetosixoneachface，theancientgamecounterwassquareandhadbulls﹣eyelike（5）whichindicatedzerotofiveoneachofitsfourfaces.Theresearcherssuspectitmayhavebeen（6）bytheoldest﹣knownboardgame﹣the"GameofMercenaries".Thetwo﹣personstrategygame，whichdatesbacktothe3rdcenturyBC，wasbelievedtobesimilartomodern﹣daychess.Thearcheologists，whoalsounearthedremainsofpotteryjarsandabronzeneedleattheburialsitebelievethegamepiecesindicatethedeadwaswealthyindividual.Inancientcivilizations，boardgameswereastatussymbol，signifyingtheowner'shighsocialandeconomic（7）.Theyindicatedanindividual'sintellectualabilityandalsoprovedhe/shecouldaffordtospendtimeonsuchactivities."Thesearestatusobjectsthatbearwitnessto（8）withtheRomanEmpire，wheretheylikedtoenjoythemselveswithboardgames，"Ramstadsaid."Peoplewhoplayedgameslikethiswerefromtheupperclass.Thegameshowedthattheyhadthetime，profits，andabilitytothinkstrategically."Theresearchersplannedtoputthe（9）gamepiecesinamuseumasthediscoveryprovidesinsightsintoNorway'ssocialstructureduringtheEarlyIronAgeandgivessomeideasofwhattabletop（10）lookedlikeduringancienttimes，atleastfortheupperclass.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．BadDreamsAreGood！Mostofusdream.whetherwerememberthemornot.Whataredreamsfor？Ahandfulof（1）dominate.SigmundFreudfamouslymaintainedthattheyrevealhiddentruthsandwishes.Morerecentresearchsuggeststhattheymayhelpusprocessintenseemotions，orperhapssortthroughandstrengthenmemories，or（2）randomneuron（神經(jīng)元）activity，orprepareresponsestothreateningsituations.Othersarguethatdreamshavenoevolutionaryfunction，butsimply（3）personalconcerns.Despitebeinglargelyunsupportedby（4），F(xiàn)reud'sviewmaintainsstrongfollowingaroundtheworld.ResearcherfoundthatstudentsintheU.S.，SouthKorea，andIndiaweremuchmorelikelytosaythatdreamsrevealhiddentruthsthantoacceptbetter（5）theories.Inthesamestudy，respondentssaidthatdreamingaboutaplanecrashwouldcausethemmore（6）thananofficialwarningaboutaterroristattack.Evenifdreamscan'tforetellthefuture，theyseemto（7）oursharedfascinations.ThemajorityofdreamsoccurduringREMsleep（深度睡眠）cycles，ofwhichtheaveragepersonhasfourorfiveanight.AstudyofCanadianuniversitystudentsfoundthemostcommondreamtopicsincludeschool，falling，beingchased，andarrivingtoolateforsomething.Forallthecommonalitiesdreams（8），theyvaryacrosstimeandculture﹣peoplewhogrewupwatchingblack﹣and﹣whiteTVaremorelikelytodreaminblackandwhite.A1958study（9）thatcomparedwithJapanesepeople，Americansdreamedmoreaboutbeinglockedup，losingalovedone，findingmoney，being（10）dressedorencounteringamadperson.Japanesepeopleweremorelikelytodreamaboutschool，tryingrepeatedlytodosomething，beingparalyzedwithfear，or"wild，violentbeasts."Ifhumandreamssound（11），bearinmindthatevennegativeonescanhavepositiveeffects.InastudyofstudentstakingaFrenchmedicalschoolentranceexam，60percentofthedreamstheyhadbeforehand（12）problemwiththeexam，suchasbeinglateorleavingananswerblank.Butthosewhoreported（13）abouttheexam，evenbadones，didbetteronitthanthosewhodidn't.Sothenexttimeyoudreamaboutaneducationrelatedexperienceinwhichyouareunabletoanswerthequestionsorsolveaproblem，don't（14）：It'sprobablytotallymeaningless.Thenagain，yourbrainmightbepracticingsoyou'llbe（15）ifsuchaneventevercomestopass.（1）A.symptomsB.reviewsC.conflictsD.theories（2）A.takeplaceofB.makepeacewithC.makesenseofD.comeupwith（3）A.exemplifyB.dramatizeC.horrifyD.recognize（4）A.evidenceB.informationC.qualificationD.inquiry（5）A.assumedB.connectedC.confirmedD.realized（6）A.curiosityB.anxietyC.fancyD.reluctance（7）A.expectB.endureC.exposeD.employ（8）A.exhibitB.explainC.supplyD.identify（9）A.diagnosedB.dismissedC.deniedD.determined（10）A.necessarilyB.independentlyC.inappropriatelyD.impersonally（11）A.puzzlingB.excitingC.depressingD.amusing（12）A.revealedB.guaranteedC.tracedD.involved（13）A.gradesB.concernsC.dreamsD.memories（14）A.hesitateB.worryC.pauseD.laugh（15）A.readyB.eagerC.nervousD.curiousSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．Jonaswascarefulaboutlanguage.Notlikehisfriend，Asher，whotalkedtoofast，mixingupwordsandphrasesuntiltheywerebarelyrecognizableandoftenveryfunny.Jonassmiled，rememberingthemorningthatAsherhaddashedintotheclassroom，lateasusual，arrivingbreathlesslyinthemiddleofthechantingofthemorninganthem（國歌）.Whentheclasstooktheirseatsattheconclusionofthepatrioticsong，Asherremainedstandingtomakehispublicapologyaswasrequired."Iapologizeforinconveniencingmylearningcommunity."Asherranthroughthestandardapologyphraserapidly，stillcatchinghisbreath.TheInstructorandclasswaitedpatientlyforhisexplanation."IlefthomeatthecorrecttimebutwhenIwasridingalongnearthepool，thecrewwasseparatingsomesalmon.IguessIjustgotdistraught，watchingthem.""Iapologizetomyclassmates，"Asherconcluded.Hesmoothedhismessycollarandsatdown."Weacceptyourapology，Asher."Theclassrecitedthestandardresponseinunison.Manyofthestudentswerebitingtheirlipstokeepfromlaughing."Iacceptyourapology，Asher，"theInstructorsaid.Hewassmiling."AndIthankyou，becauseonceagainyouhaveprovidedanopportunityforalessoninlanguage.'Distraught'istoostronganadjectivetodescribesalmonviewing."Heturnedandwrote"distraught"ontheinstructionalboard.Besideithewrote"distracted."Jonas，nearinghishomenow，smiledattherecollection.Thinking，still，ashewheeledhisbikeintoitsnarrowportbesidethedoor，herealizedthatfrightenedwasthewrongwordtodescribehisfeelings，nowthatDecemberwasalmosthere.Itwastoostronganadjective.HehadwaitedalongtimeforthisspecialDecember，whentheCeremonyoftheTwelvewillbeheldandthefutureassignmentwillbeannouncedbytheEldersinthecommittee.Nowthatitwasalmostuponhim，hewasn'tfrightened，buthewas…eager，hedecided.Hewaseagerforittocome.Andhewasexcited，certainly.AlloftheElevenswereexcitedabouttheeventthatwouldbecomingsosoon.Buttherewasalittletrembleofnervousnesswhenhethoughtaboutit，aboutwhatmighthappen.Anxious，Jonasdecided.That'swhatIam.（1）Asherarrivedattheschool.A.assoonasthestudentsconcludedthenationalanthemB.afteralltheotherstudentshadtakentheirseatsC.whentheInstructorhadbegunthelanguagelessonD.whenstudentshadstartedsingingthepatrioticsong（2）WhydidtheInstructorwritetheword"distraught"ontheboard？A.Toshowheacceptedtheapology.B.Toexplaintheconfusingwords.C.Towarnstudentsagainstusingit.D.ToshameAsherforusingthewrongword.（3）JonasrecalledwhathappenedtoAsherbecause.A.hefoundhimselfstrugglingtodescribehisfeelingspreciselyB.hewascertainthathewouldmakethesamemistakeasAsherdidC.hewasremindedtousetheappropriatelanguagefortheceremonyD.hefinallyunderstoodhowAsherwasfeelingthatmorning（4）Thetextisprobablyextractedfrom.A.sciencefictionnovelB.ajournalofappliedlinguisticsC.adocumentaryaboutcampuslifeD.amanualforusinglanguagecorrectly18．YourgifttodaywillprovideaninnovativesolutiontoendhungerThreeyearsofdroughtinZimbabwehaveleftfieldstoodrytogrowcrops.Poorruralfarmersaredesperatetofeedtheirhungrychildren.Theyrelyonemergencyfoodaidtosurvive﹣justenoughfoodforonemealaday.SolargardenshelpfamiliesthriveYourgifttoPracticalActiontodaywillhelpusworkwithstrugglingfarmingfamiliesintwoofthepoorestregionsofZimbabwe：BulilimaandGwanda.You'llhelpprovidealifechangingsolutionsofarmerscangrowplentytofeedtheirfamilies，makinghungerandpovertyathingofthepast.Withyourhelp，thesesmallchangescantransformlives：.Solar﹣poweredwaterpumpstoirrigatefieldsallyearround，evenduringthedrought.Traininginspecialfarmingskillstoboostcropyields.Seedsthatcangrowinthedryclimate.Donatebefore8March2021andtheUKGovernmentwillmatchyourgiftpoundforpoundDosomethingamazing：SupportourPlantingforProgressappealwithagifttoday.Giveonlineat：/thriveorcall08003891624Iwouldliketogive：口￡25口￡40口￡100Other￡____（ChequespayabletoPracticalAction）Title_____FirstName___________Surname___________Address___________Postcode___________Wewillpostyouinformationaboutourwork，fundraisingactivitiesandwaystogetinvolved.Ifyouarehappyforustoprovidethisinformationbyphoneoremail，pleaseprovideyourdetails：Email____________Telephone__________CardNo.口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口ExpiryDate口口/口口IssueNo口口（Maestroonly）Signature口Date口口/口口/口口Allfundsdonatedwillbeusedwherevertheneedisgreatest.ThematchedincomefromtheUKgovernmentwillgodirectlytoourPlantingforProgressappeal.Wetakeprotectingyourpersonalinformationseriously.Wewillneversellorexchangeyourdetailswithanotherorganisation.WeaimtoprovideyouwithagreatexperienceofPracticalActionandtocommunicatewitheverysupporterinthebestwaypossible.Todothis，wemayanalyseyourdataandobtainfurtherinformationaboutinterests，preferencesandlevelofpotentialdonationsusingpubliclyavailablesources.Wesometimesaskcarefullyselectedcompaniestodothisforus.Youcanfindoutmoreabouthowwecollectanduseyourpersonalinformationbyreadingourprivacynoticeat/privacy.TochangehowwemanageyourpersonalinformationorchoosenottoreceivecommunicationsfromPracticalAction，calluson08003891624oremailmyprivacy@.ukSendthisformto：PracticalAction，TheRobbinsBuilding，25AlbertStreet，RugbyCV212SDReg.CharityNo247257（1）WhatdoesplantingforProgressappealforthestrugglingfarmers？A.Ittrainsfarmerstoresearchnewvarietiesofseeds.B.Itusesgreentechnologytoensurewatersupply.C.Ittransformsthesoiltopreventfailedharvest.D.Itteachesfarmersmarketingskillstoboostcropsales.（2）IfJennywouldliketobeupdatedabouttheworkdonebyPracticalAction，sheshouldsendherpersonalcontactinformationby.A.calling08003891624inpersonB.visiting/thriveC.emailingmyprivacy@.ukD.mailingtoagivenaddress（3）Thepurposeoftheleafletisto.A.encouragepublicdonationstocharityB.introducethevariouscharityworkdoneC.outlineproceduresofdonatingtocharityD.raiseawarenessofendingworldhunger19．Identifyingthechemicalmakeupofpigment（色素）usedinancientdocumentspaintings，andwatercolorsiscriticaltorestoringandconservingthepreciousartworks.However，despitenumerousefforts，scientistshadbeenunabletodeterminethesourceoffolium，popularbluedyeusedtocolormanuscripts（手稿）inEuropeduringthemiddleages﹣fromthe5thtothe15thcentury.Now，ateamofresearchersfromPortugalhasfinallyuncoveredthemysteriousingredientresponsibleforthegorgeousblueish﹣purplecolorthathelpedbringancientillustrationsandtextstolife.TheresearchteambeganbyporingoverinstructionspennedbyEuropeandyemakersfromthe12th，14th，and15thcenturies.Theyfoundwhattheywereseekingina15th﹣centurytextentitledTheBookonHowtoMakeAlltheColorPaintsforIlluminatingBooks.However，translatingtheinstructionswasnoeasytask.ItwaswritteninthenowextinctJudaeo﹣Portugueselanguage，andthoughthesourceofthedyewastracedbacktoaplant，nonamewasmentioned.However，bypiecingtogethersuggestionsfromthetext，thescientistswereabletodeterminethatthedyewasmadefromthebluish﹣greenberriesofthechrozophoratinctoriaplant.Afteranextensivesearch，theteamfoundafewvarietiesoftheplantgrowingalongtheroadsidenearthetownofMonsarazinsouthPortugal.Thedetailedinstructionsgavetheresearcherscriticalclues﹣includingthebesttimetopicktheberries."Youneedtosqueezethefruits，beingcarefulnottobreaktheseeds，andthentoputthemonlinen（亞麻）."Thescientistsaysthedetailwasimportantsincebrokenseedspollutedthepigmentproducinganinferiorqualityink.Thedyedlinen，whichwaslefttodry，wasanefficientwaytostoreandtransportthepigmentduringancienttimes.Whenneeded，theartistwouldsimplycutoffpieceoftheclothanddipitwithwatertosqueezeoutthebluecolor.Oncethekeyingredienthadbeenidentified，theresearchersbegantodeterminethedye'smolecularstructure.Totheirsurprisetheyfoundthatfoliumwasnotlikeanyotherknownpermanentbluedyes﹣itwasanentirelynewclassofcolor，onetheynamedchrozophoridin."Chrozophoridinwasusedinancienttimestomakeabeautifulbluedyeforpainting."theteamwroteinthestudy."Thus，webelievethatthiswillnotbeourfinalwordonthisamazingplantanditsstoryandthatfurtherdiscoverieswillfollowsoon."（1）Theprimarypurposeofthestudyisto.A.restoreandconserveancientpreciousartworksB.determinethesubstancemakingupthefoliumC.provetheancientdye﹣makingtechniquewasorganicD.identifywhichclassofcolorfoliumbelongsto（2）Theunderlinedphrase"poringover"inthesecondparagraphmeans.A.discussingpubliclyB.testingrepeatedlyC.passingdirectlyD.readingcarefully（3）Whatcanbelearnedaboutthebluedyefolium？A.Itwasessentiallyaninferiortypeofink.B.Itwastheonlykindmadefromwildberries.C.Itcouldbecarriedandusedeasily.D.Itwascarefullysqueezedfrombrokenseeds.（4）Thearticleismainlyabout.A.howthemysteryofthousand﹣year﹣oldbluedyewassolvedB.whytheresearcherstookthetroubletorecreatethedyeC.whatneedstobedonetomakeanorganicdyefromaplantD.whenandwherethediscoveryofthedyewasmadeSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．A.Intheory，thelongerbreakwillallowyourbraintorelax，reset，andgetreadyforthenextroundofPomodoros.B.Withoutagoodsysteminplace，itiseasytolosefocus，wastetime，andlosetrackofourmostimportanttasks.C.Whileyouareworking，blockoutallunnecessarydistractions.D.Itusesatimertobreakdownyourworkinto25﹣minuteblocksseparatedbyshortbreaks.E.Ifyou'remanagingateam，haveeveryonestartthePomodoroatthesametime，anddobreaksatthesametime.F.Itcanbesomethingbig，somethingsmall，orsomethingthatyou'vebeenputtingoffformonths.ManagingTimewiththePomodoroTechniqueInwork，aswellasinlife，doingwhatneedstobedoneinordertoreachourgoalscanbedifficult.（1）Luckily，oneofthemostefficientandmostpopulartimemanagementtechniquesisalsooneoftheworld'ssimplest﹣thePomodoroTechnique.ThePomodoroTechniquewasdevelopedbyFrancescoCirillointhelate1980s.（2）Eachblockisknownasapomodoro，theItalianwordfor"tomato."Cirillonamedthesystemafterthetomato﹣shapedkitchentimerthatheusedtotrackhisworktimewhenhewasstudyingasauniversitystudent.Hedevelopedahabitofdoingshortblocksofworkfollowedbyrestingperiods.Herealizedthismethodcouldhelphimworkwithtimeinsteadofstrugglingagainstit.In2006，CirillopublishedhisPomodoroTechniquemanualforpeopletodownloadfreeofcharge.ThePomodorotechniquecanbeappliedinalmostallpartsofourlife.Itwasbuiltaroundahandfulofimportantsteps.First，chooseataskthatyou'dliketogetdone.（3）Whatmattersisthatyouarereadytogiveityourfullattention.Next，setatimerfor25minutes.Trytospendthefull25minuteswithyourcompleteattentiononthetask.Then，whenthetimergoesoff，takeafive﹣minutebreak.Sitback，haveadrink，goforashortwalk，ordosomethingelsethatisnotwork﹣related.Onceyouhavecompletedfourofthese30﹣minutecycles，treatyourselftoalongerbreakthatlasts15to30minutes.（4）AftertryingthePomodoroTechnique，youmaywanttoexperimentalittle.Somepeoplehavefoundthat90﹣minuteblocksworkbest，whileothersmightperformbetterwithmoreflexibleperiods.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.Justremember，likemanythingsinlife，simplerisoftenbetter！IV.SummaryWriting21．Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoints（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhatIsZeroWaste？Thegoalofthe"zerowaste"movementistogetridofallwastefromproducts."Zerowaste"meansusingeverypartofaproduct.Today，thezerowasteideacanbefoundeverywherefromfoodtofashion.Creatingazerowasterestaurantisachallenge.Itisverydifficulttouseeverypartofproduceandleavenothingbehind.Creatingasoupfromunusedingredientsisapopularwaytouseupextrafooditems.Otherwaysaremoreadvanced.Somerestaurantsusecoffeegrounds（咖啡渣）toflavordishes.Somecooksalsocrushshrimpshellsandreusetheminsauces.Whileit'schallenging，zerowasterestaurantsappeartobeontherise.Inthefashionindustry，zerowasteisn'tanewidea.Butintoday'sworldoffastfashion，zerowasteisgrowingmorepopular.Usually，cuttingclothcreateslotsofwaste.Inzerowastefashion，designerstrytoavoidthis.Onewaytodosoisbyaddingtheseextrapiecesofclothtothefinaldesign.Anotherwayistodesignclothingwithoutwastefulcuts.Beyondrestaurantsandfashion，therearemanyotherpossibilitiesforzerowasteproducts.Allrestaurantsneedutensils（器皿）.Bakey'siscompanythatisdevelopingedible（可食用的）utensils.Afterusingthem，youcaneatthem！Theirspoonsaremadeofflourandcomeinallkindsofflavors.Whilethesespoonsarenothardenoughtocutmeat，theyareperfectforricedishes.Meanwhile，AirNewZealandisexperimentingwithediblecoffeecupsthataremadebythecompanyTwice.Theyhavealreadyintroducedalineofflavoredcups.Afteryoufinishyourcoffee，youeatthecup，justlikeacookie！Whetherproductsaremadetobeedibleorreusable，hopefullythemovementwillhelpreducewasteallovertheworld.V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.22．生活技能課程從教學(xué)生如何換燈泡開始。（start）23．社交距離措施實(shí)施越久，對人際關(guān)系的負(fù)面影響就越大。（affect）24．隨著現(xiàn)金提款量的急劇下降，過不了多久，無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)就會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。（before）25．這個(gè)年輕人不僅從來沒有因?yàn)闅埣捕固煊热?，反而一直在挑?zhàn)自己，因?yàn)樗郎虝海穳舨贿t疑。（Instead）VI.GuidedWriting26．Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.紅星中學(xué)為了創(chuàng)建文明校園，促進(jìn)和諧社會(huì)，舉辦題為"ConflictManagement"的征文比賽。假定你是李林，請給校報(bào)投稿，你的文章需包括：1）你親身經(jīng)歷的最嚴(yán)重或令你最難忘的沖突；2）你對處理沖突