JohnMilton--ParadiseLost失樂園JohnMilton,apoetandpoliticalcommenteroftheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution,isthemostsublimeandmostlonelyfigureinEnglishliterature,whoseimportanceisacknowledgedallovertheworld.HeisthelastrearguardoftheRenaissanceandtheprimarypromoterofEnlightenment.Theloveofeveryformofhumancultureandthesteadfastdevotiontodutyasthehighestobjectinhumanlifehaveshapedhisentirecareer.Ofallhisgreatworks,ParadiseLostisthemostcomplicatedandmostprofoundone,whichwinshimendlesshonor.ItisindeedtheonlygenerallyrecognizedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulfandaheroicpoeminRenaissancestyle.ItdealswithrevoltfromGod,withsinandfall,andwiththepossiblesalvation.Itpresentstheauthor’sviewsinanallegoricreligiousform,andreaderswilleasilydiscernitsbasicidea—exposureofthewaysofSatanandjustificationofthewaysofGodtomen.ItisthereflectionofthereactionaryforcesofMilton’stimeandthepassionateappealforfreedom.AsthemaincharacterofParadiseLost,Satanisdefinitelyimpressiveandpowerful,whoseambivalencecatchesallcritics’eyesandleadstocenturies’disputes.Thosecommenterscanbeclassifiedintothreegroups.Thefirstgroupmainlyconsistsofrevolutionists.Theytraditionallyread

thisepicwithstrongpoliticalinclination,puttingSatanattheplaceofprotagonistandconsideringhimasymbolofrevolution,whichmustbeinfluencedgreatlybythosewesternromanticpoetssuchasWilliamBlakeandPercyB.Shelley(Fowler45).Theyaregenerallycalledpro-Satanists.ShortCommentonSataninParadiseLostsinceApollo’sdivineword“tounderstandyourself”,thewesternliteraturehasbeenalwaysfulfillingsuchpursuitandbeingincontinuousself-questioning.LikePuluomixius’rejectiontodivinity,亞哈’stonature,Satan’sfightingagainstGodalsoendedupwithfailure.Theyareshowingpeoplewiththelimitationofmankind,remindingpeopleo...“ParadiseLost”isMinton’smasterpiece.Itisalongepicin12books,writteninblankverse.ThestoryweretakenfromtheOldTestament:thecreationoftheearthandAdamandEve,thefallenangelsinhellplottingagainstGod,Satan’stemptationofEve,andthedepartureofAdamandEvefromEden.Satanandhisfollowersarebanishedfromheavenanddrivenintohell,butevenhereinhell,mistflamesandpoisonousfumes,Satanandhisadherentsarenotdiscouraged.Thepoem,aswearetoldattheoutset,

was“tojustifythewaysofGodtoman”,ietoadvocatesubmissiontotheAlmighty.Theepicshowsthewriter’smiseryaftertheRestoration,andhisdeterminationforrevolution.Thestyleoftheepicisgrand,whichistheresultofhislife-longclassicalandbiblicalstudy.簡介：ThisNortonCriticalEditionisdesignedtomakeParadiseLostaccessibleforstudentreaders,providinginvaluablecontextualandbiographicalinformationandthetoolsstudentsneedtothinkcriticallyaboutthislandmarkepic.GordonTeskey'sfreshlyeditedtextofMilton'smasterpieceisaccompaniedbyanewintroductionandsubstantialexplanatoryannotations.Spellingandpunctuationhavebeenmodernized,thelatter,importantly,withinthelimitsimposedbyMilton'ssyntax."SourcesandBackgrounds"collectsrelevantpassagesfromtheBibleandMilton'sprosewritings,includingselectionsfromTheReasonofChurchGovernmentandthefulltextofAreopagitica."Criticism"bringstogetherclassicinterpretationsbyAndrew

Marvell,JohnDryden,VictorHugo,andT.S.Eliot,amongothers,andthemostimportantrecentcriticismandscholarshipsurroundingtheepic,includingessaysbyNorthropFrye,BarbaraLewalski,ChristopherRicks,andHelenVendler.AGlossaryandSelectedBibliographyarealsoincluded.AbouttheSeries:NootherseriesofclassictextsequalsthecaliberoftheNortonCriticalEditions.Eachvolumecombinesthemostauthoritativetextavailablewiththecomprehensivepedagogicalapparatusnecessarytoappreciatetheworkfully.Carefulediting,first-ratetranslation,andthoroughexplanatoryannotationsalloweachtexttomeetthehighestliterarystandardswhileremainingaccessibletostudents.Eacheditionisprintedonacid-freepaperandeverytextintheseriesremainsinprint.NortonCriticalEditionsarethechoiceforexcellenceinscholarshipforstudentsatmorethan2,000universitiesworldwide.內容簡介WrittenatatimeofpersonalandpoliticalcrisisinMilton'sca-reer(1658-65),ParadiseLostisthegreatestepicpoeminEnglishliterature.It

hadanimmenseinfluenceontheEnglishRoman-ticsand,throughthem,onmodernpoetryThisNortonCriticalEditionisbasedonthe1674editionofthepoem,thelasttoap-pearinMilton'slifetime,withafewemendationsandadoptionsfromthefirsteditionandfromthescribalmanuscript,asnoted.GordonTeskeyprovidesreaderswithafreshlyeditedtextin-tendedforthoseapproachingMiltonforthefirsttime.Spellingandpunctuationhavebeenmodernized,thelatterwithinthelimitsimposedbyMilton'ssyntax.Thetextisaccompaniedbyanintroduction,anaccountofMilton'slife,ampleannotations,aglossary,andsuggestionsforfurtherreading."SourcesandBackgrounds"includesselectionsfromtheBibleandfromMilton'sprosewritings,includinghisgreatestprosework,Areopagitica,initsentirety.Anunusuallyrich"Criticism"sectioncollectsforty-eightdi-versecommentariesandinterpretations,culledfromtheenor-mousbodyofscholarlywritingonthepoem.Classicassess-mentsareprovidedbyJohnDryden,Voltaire,SamuelJohnson,WilliamBlake,SamuelTaylorColeridge,PercyByssheShelleVictorHugo,andT.S.Eliot,amongothers.Moderncontribu-torsincludeC.S.Lewis,WilliamEmpson,DouglasBush,NorthropFrye,BarbaraLewalski,BalachandraRajan,StanleyFish,MaryAnnRadzinowicz,ChristopherRicks,ReginaSchwartz,JuliaWalker,andHelenVcndler.

整理2009-12-31時間：ParadiseLostisanepicpoeminblankversebythe17th-centuryEnglishpoetJohnMilton.Itwasoriginallypublishedin1667intenbooks.Asecondeditionfollowedin1674,redividedintotwelvebooks(inthemannerofthedivisionofVirgil'sAeneid)withminorrevisionsthroughoutandanoteontheverification.ThepoemconcernstheChristianstoryoftheFallofMan:thetemptationofAdamandEvebythefallenangelSatanandtheirexpulsionfromtheGardenofEden.Milton'spurpose,statedin小說BookI,isto"justifythewaysofGodtomen"[1]andelucidatethe簡介：conflictbetweenGod'seternalforesightandfreewill.MiltonincorporatesPaganism,classicalGreekreferences,andChristianitywithinthepoem.Itdealswithdiversetopicsfrommarriage,politics(MiltonwaspoliticallyactiveduringthetimeoftheEnglishCivilWar),andmonarchy,andgrappleswithmanydifficulttheologicalissues,includingfate,predestination,theTrinity,andtheintroductionofsinanddeathintotheworld,aswellasangels,fallenangels,Satan,andthewarinheaven.Miltondrawsonhisknowledgeoflanguages,anddiversesources—primarilyGenesis,muchoftheNewTestament,thedeuterocanonicalBookofEnoch,andotherpartsoftheOldTestament.《失樂園》以史詩一般的磅礴氣勢揭示了人的原罪與墮落。詩中叛逆之神撒旦，因為反抗上帝的權威被打入地獄，卻毫不屈服，為復仇尋至伊甸園。亞當與夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引誘，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的知識樹上的果子。最終，撒旦及其同伙遭譴全變成了蛇，亞當與夏娃被逐出了伊甸園。該詩體現了詩人追求自由的崇高精神，是世界文學史、思想史上的一部極重要的作品。內容介紹英國詩人約翰?米爾頓（JohnMilton,1608-1674）最重要的作品《失樂園》（ParadiseLost），內容是圣經里面創(chuàng)世紀的第一章：亞當與夏娃受到撒旦的引誘，吃下了禁果，而被上帝驅逐出伊甸樂園。張隆溪教授解釋，以往西方傳統(tǒng)的史詩故事，比如荷馬或弗吉爾的史詩，總是關于戰(zhàn)爭和英雄，然而米爾頓的《失樂園》，它所描寫的不是一個肉體的形容，不是大英雄，也不是打仗、戰(zhàn)功，它寫的完全是精神性的。故事里面最中心、核心的一個動作，就是一個女人從樹上摘了一個果子吃，這個動作雖然很微小，但卻充滿了象征意義，它的象征就在于善跟惡之間的區(qū)隔，在于無知跟知識間的區(qū)別。因此，張隆溪教授認為這部史詩是精神的史詩，因為它描述不是人肉體的力量，而是描寫人的精神，永恒的追求。書摘哲學與宗教的困惑成為主題《失樂園》內容豐富，當中確實包含了彌爾頓激進的共和思想。然而英國革命對于全面理解彌爾頓及其著作固然重要，但就閱讀《失樂園》而言，我認為那并不是一個包羅無遺的背景，甚至不是最重要的背景。善與惡的矛盾、知識與自由的困惑、樂園的幻想與對樂園的不斷追求，這類意義深刻的哲學和宗教問題才是這部史詩作品的核心，也正是這些問題使這部史詩能超越某一時代之歷史和政治，具有永恒的哲理之魅力。彌爾頓自己宣稱說，他之所以寫作《失樂園》，目的在于要“申明永恒的天命，對人類證明上帝之公正”（I.25）。頗值得注意的倒不在彌爾頓有如此雄心壯志，要達到這樣的目的，而是上帝的公正竟然需要對人類做出證明。換言之，上帝是否公正，人失

去樂園而有惡在世間存在，這永恒之天命究竟是否合理，都是人們產生的疑問。正是對這些宗教和倫理問題的深刻思考取代了轟轟烈烈的行動，構成彌爾頓史詩的主要內容，引導讀者去深入探討。采用《圣經》中亞當和夏娃的故事，也非常契合彌爾頓的目的，因為這個故事以生動而有高度象征意義的形式，提出了有關責任、知識和人的自由等人生的根本問題。惡的存在就是一個根本問題。受人崇拜的上帝如果寵愛人，如果無邊的神，力為什么人世間還有這么多苦難，為什么惡人往往可以逞兇，好人卻無端遭受痛苦，受盡欺凌呢？這大概就是人會產生上帝的公正需要證明的原因吧？上帝造人之初，亞當和夏娃生活在伊甸園中，天真無邪，但同時也懵然不知善惡，無法識別真?zhèn)危阅Ч砣龅撊霕穲@，化為一條蛇，他們當然不能辨識而終致受其他又有疑問，而蠱惑。上帝預知人會受撒旦誘惑，在伊甸園處處設防，派天使們把守。可是撒旦第一次潛入樂園雖被發(fā)現，被遣返地獄，第二次卻居然逃過眾天使的目光，終于在樂園中成功誘惑夏娃，使人違背上帝禁令而墮落?？墒侨绻焓股星也荒茏R破撒旦的偽裝，阻止魔鬼潛入伊甸，那么毫無神而力且天真無知的人類受誘惑而食禁果，何以就要承擔那么嚴重的后果，受到那么嚴厲的懲罰呢？究竟誰應該為人之墮落負責呢？上帝全能全知，早已預知亞當和夏娃會墮落，可是他為什么放手不管呢？既然他預知人會墮落，甚至可以說他容許了這樣的事情發(fā)生，那么在人墮落之后，他又為什么那樣震怒，要處罰亞當和夏娃呢？人之墮落究竟是預先注定必然會發(fā)生的事？還是亞當和夏娃用他們

的意志所做的自由選擇，因而要由他們來承擔全部責任呢？就我們的人性和人類狀況說來，這一切又能給我們怎樣的啟迪呢？這些就是使《失樂園》成為世界文學中一部偉大經典的問題，無論人們對彌爾頓的藝術或個人信仰提出怎樣的疑問，在這些質疑早已被人遺忘之后，《失樂園》探討的問題還仍然會引人思索，這部經典作品也一定還會有讀者，會長存于世。JohnMilton(1608-1674)重點掌握:1，Life：1.JohnMiltonexcelledinlanguagesandclassicalstudies.withaheavytendencytowardPuritanismwantedtogointotheministryThebeginningofthePuritanRevolutionfoundMiltonbackinEngland,fightingforamorehumanistandreformedchurch.setasidepoetrytowritepoliticalandreligiouspamphletsforthecauseofPuritanism.MiltonwasborninaRomanCatholicfamilyandbothhisparentswereunderstandingparents.AsaPuritan,however,hebelievedthattheBiblewastheanswerandtheguidetoall,evenifitwentagainstdemocracyitself.WheretheBibledidn'taffordananswer,Miltonwouldturntoreason.TheclassicalinfluencesinhisworkHomer,Ovid,butespeciallyVirgil.Shakespearewastheleadingplaywrightofhisday,andtherearesomereferencestohisworksinMilton'sownpoetry.Thestyleand

structureoftheSpencer's"TheFaerieQueen,"wasanotherinfluenceonParadiseLost.ItwasoneofonlyafewbooksthatwereownedbytheMiltonsduringJohn'supbringing.Miltondiedfrom"gout"in1674andwasburiedintheChurchofSt.GilesinLondon.Miltonwasnicknamed“theladyofChrist’s”becausehewasashandsomeasalady.Miltonisagreatstylist.Heisfamousforhisgrandstyleforitsdignityandpolish,whichistheresultofhislife-lingclassicalbiblicalstudyMiltonwasthegreatestEnglishpoetafterShakespeare.The“mightyline”referstothepoemofMilton.Miltonisthegreatwriteroftheseventeenthcentury,andoneofthegiantsofEnglishliterature.Miltonisthegloriouspioneertointroduceblankverseintonon-dramaticpoetry.Miltonwasamasterofblankverse.HefirstuseditinParadiseLost.masterpiecesParadiseLost,"Lycidas"(1638)ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistesafterblindness.2.3.SatantemptsEvetoeatanapplefromtheforbiddentree.2,SamsonAgonistesisapoeticaldrama.ItdealswiththestoryofSamsonfromtheBookofJudgesintheOldTestament.ThemoststrikingsimilaritiesbetweenMiltonandSamsonAgonistesaretheirblindnessandunhappymarriage.greatestpoetsOneofthegreatestpoetsoftheEnglishlanguage,best-knownforhisepicpoemPARADISELOST(1667).Milton'spowerful,rhetoricproseandtheeloquenceofhispoetryhadanimmenseinfluenceespeciallyonthe18th-centuryverse.Besidespoems,Miltonpublishedpamphletsdefendingcivilandreligiousrights."OfMan'sfirstdisobedience,andthefruitOfthatforbiddentreewhosemortaltasteBroughtdeathintotheworld,andallourwoe,

WithlossofEden."(fromParadiseLost)重點掌握:1，SatantemptsEvetoeatanapplefromtheforbiddentree.2，Satanisacharacterwithastrongdesireforfreedom.作品：ParadiseLost失樂園第一部分選段以及譯文1OFMansFirstDisobedience,andtheFruit2OfthatForbiddenTree,whosemortaltast3BroughtDeathintotheWorld,andallourwoe,4WithlossofEden,tillonegreaterMan5Restoreus,andregaintheblissfulSeat,[5]1關于人類最初違反天神命令2偷嘗禁樹的果子，3各種各色的災禍帶來人間，4伊甸樂園，5才為我們恢復樂把死亡和其他并失去直等到一個更偉大的人來，土的事，請歌詠吧，6SingHeav'nlyMuse,thatonthesecrettop7OfOreb,orofSinai,didstinspire8ThatShepherd,whofirsttaughtthechosenSeed,9IntheBeginninghowtheHeav'nsandEarth10RoseoutofChaos:OrifSionHill[10]6天庭的詩神繆斯呀！您當年曾在那7神秘的何烈山頭，或西奈的峰巔，8點化過那個牧羊人，最初向您的選民9宣講太初天和地怎樣從混沌中生出；10那郇山似乎更加蒙您的喜悅，11Delighttheemore,andSiloa'sBrookthatflow'dFastbytheOracleofGod;IthenceInvokethyaidtomyadventrousSong,Thatwithnomiddleflightintendstosoar15Aboveth'AonianMount,whileitpursues[15]11下有西羅亞溪水在神殿近旁奔流；12因此我向那兒求您助我吟成這篇

13大膽冒險的詩歌，追蹤一段事跡——14從未有人嘗試縭彩成文，吟詠成詩的15題材，遐想凌云，飛越愛奧尼的高峰。17ThingsunattemptedyetinProseorRhime.AndchieflyThouOSpirit,thatdostpreferBeforeallTemplesth'uprightheartandpure,Instructme,forThouknow'st;ThoufromthefirstWastpresent,andwithmightywingsoutspread[20]16特別請您，17和清潔的勝過所有的神殿。18請您教導我，19您從張開巨大的翅膀，20象鴿子一圣靈呀！您喜愛公正心胸，因為您無所不知；太初便存在，樣孵伏那洪荒，使它懷孕，21Dove-likesatstbroodingonthevastAbyss22Andmad'stitpregnant:Whatinmeisdark23Illumin,whatislowraiseandsupport;24ThattothehighthofthisgreatArgument25ImayassertEternalProvidence,[25]21愿您的光明照耀我心中的蒙昧，22提舉而且撐持我的23適應這個偉大卑微，使我能夠主題的崇高境界，24使我能夠闡明永恒的天理，25向世人昭天示道的公正。26AndjustifiethewayesofGodtomen.Sayfirst,forHeav'nhidesnothingfromthyviewNorthedeepTractofHell,sayfirstwhatcauseMov'dourGrandParentsinthathappyState,Favour'dofHeav'nsohighly,tofalloff[30]26請先說，天界和地獄深淵，27在您的眼中，一切都了如指掌，28請先講，為什么我們的始祖，29在那樣的樂土，得天惠那樣獨厚，30除了那唯一的禁令以外，他們倆31FromthirCreator,andtransgresshisWill

Foronerestraint,LordsoftheWorldbesides?Whofirstseduc'dthemtothatfoulrevolt?Th'infernalSerpent;heitwas,whoseguileStirdupwithEnvyandRevenge,deceiv'd[35]31本是世界的主宰；竟背叛而自絕于32他們的創(chuàng)造主？當初是誰引誘33他們犯下這不幸的忤逆呢？34原來是地獄的蛇，是他由于35嫉妒和仇恨，激起他的奸智，TheMotherofMankind,whattimehisPrideHadcasthimoutfromHeav'n,withallhisHostOfRebelAngels,bywhoseaidaspiringTosethimselfinGloryabovehisPeers,Hetrustedtohaveequal'dthemostHigh,[40]36欺騙了人類的母親37致使他和他的38那時他由于造39使他己比眾光榮，他相信：40如果他反叛，就能和至高者分庭抗禮，。他的高傲全部天軍被逐出天界，反天軍的援助，覺得自Ifheoppos'd;andwithambitiousaimAgainsttheThroneandMonarchyofGodRais'dimpiousWarinHeav'nandBattelproudWithvainattempt.HimtheAlmightyPowerHurldheadlongflamingfromth'EtherealSkie[45]41于是包藏野心，覬覦神的寶座和主權，42枉費心機地43不遜不44倒栽蔥，45摔下在天界掀起了敬的戰(zhàn)爭。全能的神把他全身火焰，從凈火天上去，這個敢于向全能全力者WithhideousruineandcombustiondownTobottomlessperdition,theretodwellInAdamantineChainsandpenalFire,Whodurstdefieth'OmnipotenttoArms.NinetimestheSpacethatmeasuresDayandNight[50]

46挑戰(zhàn)的神魔迅速墜下，一直落到47無底的地獄深淵，被禁錮在48金剛不壞的鐐銬和永不熄滅的刑火中。49依照人間的計算，大約九天九夜，50他和他那一伙可怕的徒眾，Tomortalmen,hewithhishorridcrewLayvanquisht,rowlinginthefieryGulfeConfoundedthoughimmortal:ButhisdoomReserv'dhimtomorewrath;fornowthethoughtBothoflosthappinessandlastingpain[55]51沉淪輾轉在52雖屬不53但這個刑54既失去了幸福，55他抬起憂慮的烈火的深淵中。死之身，卻象死者一樣橫陳，罰反激起他更大的忿怒，又受無窮痛苦的煎熬。雙眼，環(huán)視周遭，Tormentshim;roundhethrowshisbalefuleyesThatwitness'dhugeafflictionanddismayMixtwithobdurateprideandstedfasthate:AtonceasfarasAngelskennheviewsThedismalSituationwasteandwilde,[60]擺在眼前的是莫大的隱憂和煩惱，頑固的傲氣和難消的憎恨交織著。霎時間，他竭盡天使的目，力望斷際涯，但見悲風彌漫，浩渺無垠，四面八方圍著他的是個可怕的地牢，ADungeonhorrible,onallsidesroundAsonegreatFurnaceflam'd,yetfromthoseflamesNolight,butratherdarknessvisibleServ'donelytodiscoversightsofwoe,Regionsofsorrow,dolefulshades,wherepeace[65]象一個洪爐的烈火四射，但那火焰卻不發(fā)光，只是灰蒙蒙的一片，可以辨認出那兒的苦難景況，悲慘的境地和凄愴的暗影。

和平和安息絕不在那兒停留，Andrestcanneverdwell,hopenevercomesThatcomestoall;buttorturewithoutendStillurges,andafieryDeluge,fedWithever-burningSulphurunconsum'd:SuchplaceEternalJusticehadprepar'd[70]希望無所不到，唯獨不到那里。只有無窮無盡的苦難緊緊跟著永燃的硫磺不斷地添注，不滅的火焰，洪水般向他們滾滾逼來。這個地方，就是正義之神為那些Forthoserebellious,herethirPrisonordain'dInutterdarkness,andthirportionsetAsfarremov'dfromGodandlightofHeav'nAsfromtheCenterthricetoth'utmostPole.Ohowunliketheplacefromwhencetheyfell![75]叛逆者準備的，在天外的冥荒中為他們設置的牢獄，那個地方離開天神和天界的亮光，相當于天極到中心的三倍那么遠。啊，這里和他所從墜落的地方Therethecompanionsofhisfall,o'rewhelm'dWithFloodsandWhirlwindsoftempestuousfire,Hesoondiscerns,andweltringbyhissideOnenexthimselfinpower,andnextincrime,LongafterknowninPalestine,andnam'd[80]比起來是何等的不同呀！和他一起墜落的伙伴們掩沒在猛火的洪流和旋風之中，他辨認得出，在他近旁掙扎的，論權力和罪行都僅次于他的神魔，Beelzebub.Towhomth'Arch-Enemy,AndthenceinHeav'ncall'dSatan,withboldwordsBreakingthehorridsilencethusbegan.

Ifthoubeesthe;ButOhowfall'n!howchang'dFromhim,whointhehappyRealmsofLight[85]后來在巴勒斯坦知道他的名字叫別西卜。這個在天上叫做撒但的首要神敵，用豪言壯語打破可怕的沉寂，開始向他的伙伴這樣說道，“是你?。贿@是何等的墜落！Cloth'dwithtranscendentbrightnessdidstout-shineMyriadsthoughbright:IfheWhommutualleague,Unitedthoughtsandcounsels,equalhopeAndhazardintheGloriousEnterprize,Joyndwithmeonce,nowmiseryhathjoynd[90]何等的變化呀！你原來住在光明的樂土，全身披覆著無比的光輝，勝過群星的燦爛，你曾和我結成同盟，同心同氣，同一希望，在光榮的大事業(yè)中Inequalruin:intowhatPitthouseestFromwhathighthfall'n,somuchthestrongerprov'dHewithhisThunder:andtillthenwhoknewTheforceofthosedireArms?yetnotforthose,NorwhatthePotentVictorinhisrage[95]和我在一起?，F在，我們是從何等高的高天上，沉淪到了何等深的深淵呀！他握有雷霆，確是強大，誰知道這兇惡的武器竟有那么大的威力呢？Canelseinflict,doIrepentorchange,Thoughchang'dinoutwardlustre;thatfixtmindAndhighdisdain,fromsenceofinjur'dmerit,Thatwiththemightiestrais'dmetocontend,Andtothefiercecontentionbroughtalong[100]可是，那威力，那強有力的勝利者的狂，暴都不能

叫我懊喪，或者叫我改變初衷，雖然外表的光彩改變了，但堅定的心志和岸然的驕矜InnumerableforceofSpiritsarm'dThatdurstdislikehisreign,andmepreferring,Hisutmostpowerwithadversepoweroppos'dIndubiousBattelonthePlainsofHeav'n,Andshookhisthrone.Whatthoughthefieldbelost?[105]決不轉變，由于真價值的受損，激動了我，決心和強權決一勝負，率領無數天軍投入劇烈的戰(zhàn)斗，他們都厭惡天神的統(tǒng)治而來擁護我，拿出全部力量跟至高的權力對抗，Allisnotlost;theunconquerableWill,Andstudyofrevenge,immortalhate,Andcouragenevertosubmitoryield:Andwhatiselsenottobeovercome?ThatGlorynevershallhiswrathormight[110]在天界疆場上做一次冒險的戰(zhàn)斗，動搖了他的寶座。我們損失了什么了并非什么都丟光：不撓的意志、熱切的復仇心、不滅的憎恨，以及永不屈服、永不退讓的勇氣，Extortfromme.TobowandsueforgraceWithsuppliantknee,anddeifiehispower,WhofromtheterrourofthisArmsolateDoubtedhisEmpire,thatwerelowindeed,Thatwereanignominyandshamebeneath[115]還有什么比這些更難戰(zhàn)勝的呢？他的暴怒也罷，威力也罷，絕不能奪去我這份光榮。經過這一次戰(zhàn)爭的慘烈，好容易才使他的政權動搖，Thisdownfall;sincebyFatethestrengthofGods

AndthisEmpyrealsubstancecannotfail,SincethroughexperienceofthisgreateventInArmsnotworse,inforesightmuchadvanc't,Wemaywithmoresuccessfulhoperesolve[120]這時還要彎腰屈膝，向他哀求憐憫，拜倒在他的權力之下，那才真正是卑鄙、可恥，比這次的沉淪還要卑賤。因為我們生而具有神力，TowagebyforceorguileeternalWarrIrreconcileable,toourgrandFoe,Whonowtriumphs,andinth'excessofjoySolereigningholdstheTyrannyofHeav'n.Sospaketh'ApostateAngel,thoughinpain,[125]秉有輕清的靈質，不能朽壞，又因這次大事件的經驗，我們要準備更好的武器，更遠的預見，更有成功的希望，用暴力或智力向我們的大敵Vauntingaloud,butracktwithdeepdespare:Andhimthusanswer'dsoonhisboldCompeer.OPrince,OChiefofmanyThronedPowers,Thatledth'imbattelldSeraphimtoWarrUnderthyconduct,andindreadfuldeeds[130]挑起不可調解的持久戰(zhàn)爭。他現在正自夸勝利，得意忘形，天上掌握虐政呢。”獨攬大權，在背叛的天使這樣說了，雖忍痛說出豪言壯語，心卻為深沉的失望所苦。Fearless,endanger'dHeav'nsperpetualKing;AndputtoproofhishighSupremacy,Whetherupheldbystrength,orChance,orFate,ToowellIseeandruethedireevent,Thatwithsadoverthrowandfouldefeat[135]

他那勇敢的伙伴立即回答他說，“大王，掌權天使的首長啊，掌權者們率領英勇的撒拉弗天軍在您的指揮之下去作戰(zhàn)，大無畏地，投身于驚險的行動，HathlostusHeav'n,andallthismightyHostInhorribledestructionlaidthuslow,AsfarasGodsandHeav'nlyEssencesCanperish:forthemindandspiritremainsInvincible,andvigoursoonreturns,[140]使天上永生的王陷于危急，他靠暴力、僥幸，或靠命運，來支持自己至高無上的權力，我目睹而哀痛這次可怕的事件，可悲的覆沒，可恥的敗績，ThoughallourGloryextinct,andhappystateHereswallow'dupinendlessmisery.ButwhatifheourConquerour,(whomInowOfforcebelieveAlmighty,sincenolessThensuchcouldhavorepow'rdsuchforceasours)[145]使我們失去天界，這樣的大軍竟遭到這么大的失敗，沉淪到這樣的陰間里來，我們原是神靈，氣質輕清，論破滅可說已經到了盡頭，HaveleftusthisourspiritandstrengthintireStronglytosufferandsupportourpains,Thatwemaysosufficehisvengefulire,OrdohimmightierserviceashisthrallsByrightofWarr,whate'rehisbusinessbe[150]因為我們還留有心志和精神，不可戰(zhàn)，勝很快就會恢復元氣。他使我們還留有這樣的精力，大概是要使我們更能忍受痛苦，

吃足苦頭，承受他那報復的怒火，《英國文學選讀——Unit4JohnMilton--ParadiseLost失樂園（151-190）》HereintheheartofHelltoworkinFire,OrdohisErrandsinthegloomyDeepWhatcanitthenavailthoughyetwefeelStrengthundiminisht,oreternalbeingToundergoeternalpunishment?[155]或者是要我們服更大的苦役，把我們當做俘虜，當做奴隸，在地獄猛火的中心來干苦活，在幽暗的深淵中為他奔走。這樣，我們將永受無窮刑罰，Wheretowithspeedywordsth'Arch-fiendreply'd.Fall'nCherube,tobeweakismiserableDoingorSuffering:butofthisbesure,Todooughtgoodneverwillbeourtask,Butevertodoilloursoledelight,[160]即使是自己覺得力量還沒衰退，甚至是永生的，那又有什么好處？”大魔王立刻用急激的話語回答他：“墜落的基路伯呀，示弱是可悲的，無論做事或受苦，但這一條是明確的：AsbeingthecontrarytohishighwillWhomweresist.IfthenhisProvidenceOutofourevilseektobringforthgood,Ourlabourmustbetopervertthatend,Andoutofgoodstilltofindmeansofevil;[165]行善決不是我們的任務，做惡才是我們一唯的樂事，這樣才算是反抗我們敵對者的

高強意志。如果他想要從我們的惡中尋找善的話，Whichofttimesmaysucceed,soasperhapsShallgrievehim,ifIfailnot,anddisturbHisinmostcounselsfromthirdestindaim.ButseetheangryVictorhathrecall'dHisMinistersofvengeanceandpursuit[170]我們的事業(yè)就得顛倒目標，就要尋求從善到惡的途徑。如果我不失算，定會屢次奏效，使他煩惱，攪亂他極密的計劃；使它們對不準所預定的目標。BacktotheGatesofHeav'n:TheSulphurousHailShotafterusinstorm,oreblownhathlaidThefierySurge,thatfromthePrecipiceOfHeav'nreceiv'dusfalling,andtheThunder,Wing'dwithredLightningandimpetuousrage,[175]你看，那忿怒的勝利者已經把復仇和襲擊的使者召回天門，暴風雨一般追擊我們的硫磺火霰已經靜下來了，迎接我們從天界的懸崖上Perhapshathspenthisshafts,andceasesnowTobellowthroughthevastandboundlessDeep.Letusnotslipth'occasion,whetherscorn,OrsatiatefuryyielditfromourFoe.SeestthouyondrearyPlain,forlornandwilde,[180]墜落下來的火焰的洪波也平靜些了，以赭紅的閃電和狂暴的忿怒，因為帶翅膀的轟雷，大概已經用完了彈頭，現在已經不在漠無邊的深淵中吼響了。Theseatofdesolation,voydoflight,Savewhattheglimmeringoftheselividflames

Castspaleanddreadful?ThitherletustendFromoffthetossingofthesefierywaves,Thererest,ifanyrestcanharbourthere,[185我們不要放過這個機會，不管這是由于敵人的輕蔑，或者是由于他氣頭已過的機會。你沒看見那一片荒涼的原野嗎？寂寞、荒蕪、絕無人跡、不見亮光，AndreassemblingourafflictedPowersConsulthowwemayhenceforthmostoffendOurEnemy,ourownlosshowrepair,HowovercomethisdireCalamity,WhatreinforcementwemaygainfromHope,[190]Ifnotwhatresolutionfromdespare.Satanholdscourtinhell[GustaveDoré]只有這么一些鉛色的幽焰，閃著青灰色的，可怕的幽光。我們往那兒去，一避火浪的沖擊，可以休息的話，就休息一下，重新集合我們疲憊的隊伍，大家討論，怎樣給敵人更多的損害，怎樣彌補我們自己的損失，怎樣戰(zhàn)勝這個可怕的災禍，從希望中可以得些怎樣的援助，或從失望中來一個怎樣的決策?！薄队膶W選讀——Unit4JohnMilton--ParadiseLost失樂園--Summary》ShortSummaryofParadiseLostMilton'sepicpoemopensonthefierylakeofhell,whereSatanandhisarmyoffallenangelsfindthemselveschained.Satanandhisleutenant

Beezlebubgetupfromthelakeandyelltotheotherstoriseandjointhem.Musicplaysandbannersflyasthearmyofrebelangelscomestoattention,tormentedanddefeatedbutfaithfultotheirgeneral.Theycreateagreatandterribletemple,perchedonavolcanotop,andSatancallsacounciltheretodecideontheircourseofaction.Thefallenangelsgivevarioussuggestions.Finally,Beezlebubsuggeststhattheytakethebattletoanewbattlefield,aplacecalledearthwhere,itisrumoured,Godhascreatedanewbeingcalledman.Manisnotaspowerfulastheangels,butheisGod'schosenfavoriteamonghiscreations.BeezlebubsuggeststhattheyseekrevengeagainstGodbyseducingmantotheircorruptedside.Satanvolunteerstoexplorethisnewplacehimselfandfindoutmoreaboutmansothathemaycorrupthim.Hisfallenarmyunanimouslyagreesbybangingontheirswords.Satantakesofftothegatesofhell,guardedbyhisdaughter,Sin,andtheirhorribleson,Death.Sinagreestoopenthegatesforhercreator(andrapist),knowingthatshewillfollowhimandreignwithhiminwhateverkingdomheconquers.Satanthentravelsthroughchaos,andfinallyarrivesatearth,connectedtoheavenbyagoldenchain.GodwitnessesallofthisandpointsoutSatan'sjourneytohisSon.GodtellshisSonthat,indeed,SatanwillcorruptGod'sfavoritecreation,man.HisSonofferstodieamortaldeathtobringmanbackintothegraceandlightofGod.GodagreesandtellshowhisSonwillbeborntoavirgin.GodthenmakeshisSonthekingofman,sonofbothmanandGod.Meanwhile,SatandisguiseshimselfasahandsomecherubinordertogetbytheangelUrielwhoisguardingearth.UrielisimpressedthatanangelwouldcomeallthewayfromheaventowitnessGod'screation,andpointstheGardenofEdenouttoSatan.SatanmakeshiswayintotheGardenandisinaweatthebeautyofEdenandofthehandsomecoupleofAdamandEve.Foramoment,hedeeplyregretshisfallfromgrace.Thisfeelingsoonturns,however,tohatred.Uriel,however,hasrealizedthathehasbeenfooledbySatanandtellsthe

angelGabrielasmuch.GabrielfindsSatanintheGardenandsendshimaway.God,seeinghowthingsaregoing,sendsRaphaeltowarnAdamandEveaboutSatan.RaphaelgoesdowntotheGardenandisinvitedfordinnerbyAdamandEve.Whilethere,henarrateshowSatancametofallandthesubsequentbattlethatwasheldinheaven.Satanfirstsinwaspride,whenhetookissuewiththefactthathehadtobowdowntotheSon.Satanwasoneofthetopangelsinheavenanddidnotunderstandwhyheshouldbow.SatancalledacouncilandconvincedmanyoftheangelswhowerebeneathhimtojoininfightingGod.Atremendous,cosmicthree-daybattleensuedbetweenSatan'sforcesandGod'sforces.Onthefirstday,Satan'sforceswerebeatenbackbythearmyledbythearchangelsMichaelandGabriel.Onthesecondday,Satanseemedtogaingroundbyconstructingartillery,literallycannons,andturningthemagainstthegoodforces.Onthethirdday,however,theSonfacedSatan'sarmyaloneandtheyquicklyretreat,fallingthroughaholeinheaven'sfabricandcascadingdow