《新概念英語(yǔ)》第二冊(cè)學(xué)習(xí)筆記7877課第78課Thelastone?1、After

reading

anarticle

entitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'

...entitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾article,這個(gè)句子也可以用定語(yǔ)從句表示：Afterreadinganarticle

thatwasentitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'...reading動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，是由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成，可以與系動(dòng)詞be一起構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可以與have/hasbeen一起構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例句：They

arewatching

abasementgame.He

hasbeencollecting

stampssincehewasaboy.2、Ilitacigaretteto

calm

mynerves.calm使某人或者某物平靜下來(lái)，或者安撫某人或者某物例句：Hewasstartingtoshakewithexcitement,andto

calm

himselfhewalkedovertothewindow.3、Ihadalltheusualsymptomsofsomeone

givingup

smoking.giveupsth.或者giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事，不再做某事例句：Shenevercompletely

gaveup

hope.4、Myfriends

kepton

offeringmecigarettesandcigars.keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事例句：They

kepton

walkingforawhileinsilence.5、They

made

no

efforttohide

theiramusement

whenever

Iproducedapacketofsweetsfrommypocket.makeefforttodosth.表示為了達(dá)到某種結(jié)果而付出額外的精力例句：Mothershadto

madetheefforttogoout

toaplayareawiththeirchildren.whenever無(wú)論何時(shí)，無(wú)論什么情況例句：Cometoseeme

whenever

youfeelyouhavetotalk.第77課Asuccessfuloperation1、ThemummyofanEgyptianwoman

whodiedin800B.C.

hasjusthadanoperation.B.C.公元前，是beforeChrist的縮寫(xiě)whodiedin800B.C.限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的Egyptianwoman.2、ThemummyisthatofShepenmut

whowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.whowasonceasinger......限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的Shepenmut.3、...doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewoman

diedof

araredisease.diedof因......而死，死于......例句：I'm

dyingof

thirst.4、Theoperation,

which

lastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseof

thehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.逗號(hào)后面的部分是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)前面的operation起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。becauseof...因?yàn)?.....,由于......,后面通常接名詞性的詞組，because后面是接從句。例句：Icouldn'tseeHelen'sexpression,

because

herheadwasturned.Heretiredlastmonth

becauseof

illness.5、Thedoctorhavenot

yet

decidedhowthewomandied.yet一般出現(xiàn)在否定句中，表示某事到目前為止還沒(méi)有發(fā)生，如果是出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中，就是表示詢(xún)問(wèn)某事有沒(méi)有發(fā)生。例句：Itisn'tdark

yet.Ihaven't

yet

metDavis.Haveyouhadyourlunch

yet?6、Themummysuccessfully

survived

theoperation.survive這里是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是挺過(guò)了，幸免于難。例句：Sheseemstohave

survived

thedivorceprettywell.7、英語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)從句分限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句，限定它所修飾的名詞的意義，與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，不能用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，只對(duì)所修飾的名詞做附加說(shuō)明，如果省去對(duì)主句的影響不大，通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。例句：Theriv