學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精2021高三全國(guó)統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)（話(huà)題版）一輪學(xué)案：第1編話(huà)題五Book1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero含解析話(huà)題五歷史、社會(huì)與文化[對(duì)應(yīng)教材］Book1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroBook4Unit1WomenofachievementBook2Unit1CulturalrelicsBook4Unit5ThemeparksBook4Unit2WorkingthelandBook4Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourBook4Unit4BodylanguageBook5Unit1GreatscientistsBook8Unit1AlandofdiversityBook8Unit5Meetingyourancestors(一）核心素養(yǎng)下的話(huà)題解讀“歷史、社會(huì)與文化"是高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“人與社會(huì)”主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容要求之一,該內(nèi)容包括“不同民族文化習(xí)俗與傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日;對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物；重要國(guó)際組織與社會(huì)公益機(jī)構(gòu)；法律常識(shí)與法治意識(shí)等；物質(zhì)與非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)；社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題；重大政治、歷史事件，文化淵源;社會(huì)進(jìn)步與人類(lèi)文明”等方面。這些話(huà)題為學(xué)生打開(kāi)了解歷史與社會(huì)的窗口.高考英語(yǔ)通過(guò)這些話(huà)題讓學(xué)生對(duì)歷史、社會(huì)與文化有所了解.感受傳統(tǒng)文化的魅力;從對(duì)社會(huì)具有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物身上學(xué)習(xí)奮發(fā)向上的精神；增強(qiáng)法治意識(shí);愛(ài)惜物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，立志為社會(huì)進(jìn)步和人類(lèi)文明做貢獻(xiàn).[高考探究]“歷史、社會(huì)與文化"這個(gè)話(huà)題常與閱讀理解、完形填空、七選五、語(yǔ)法填空等相結(jié)合進(jìn)行考查，分值占有較大的比例。例如:話(huà)題五卷別試題類(lèi)型文章大意歷史、社會(huì)與文化2019全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀B篇中國(guó)文化和美學(xué)對(duì)國(guó)際時(shí)尚的引領(lǐng)作用2019全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀C篇美國(guó)報(bào)紙大眾化的發(fā)展過(guò)程2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀B篇關(guān)于減少食物浪費(fèi)的一檔英語(yǔ)節(jié)目續(xù)表話(huà)題五卷別試題類(lèi)型文章大意歷史、社會(huì)與文化2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C篇介紹了人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言隨社會(huì)的發(fā)展而減少的現(xiàn)象2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀C篇中國(guó)建筑大師王澍獲得建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的原因及意義2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀A篇介紹了美國(guó)舊金山的四條旅游路線(xiàn)2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀B篇一家老電影院關(guān)停前夜的故事2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A篇過(guò)去100年里四位很有影響力的杰出女性2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D篇沉默在不同文化里的具體含義2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀C篇介紹了英國(guó)蘋(píng)果節(jié)上各式各樣的蘋(píng)果及活動(dòng)2015全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D篇“心理咖啡館”的具體功能、作用和社會(huì)意義2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ語(yǔ)法填空筷子的由來(lái)以及使用地域和發(fā)展（二）構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖,提升思維品質(zhì)圖一Book1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero圖二Book4Unit1Womenofachievement圖三Book2Unit1Culturalrelics圖四Book4Unit5Themeparks圖五Book4Unit2Workingtheland圖六Book4Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour圖七Book4Unit4Bodylanguage圖八Book5Unit1Greatscientists圖九Book8Unit1Alandofdiversity圖十Book8Unit5Meetingyourancestors（三）根據(jù)思維導(dǎo)圖,完成概要寫(xiě)作圖一：概要寫(xiě)作①BeforemeetingMandela，Eliaswasapoorblackworker。Heneededtogetapassbookbecausehewantedtocontinuedoinghiswork.AtthattimeblackpeopleinSouthAfricacouldnotvote.Theycouldn'tgetjobstheywanted。Besides，theyhadtoliveinthepoorestareas。②Attheageof12，EliasmetMandela。Mandelatoldhimhowtogetthecorrectpaperssothathewouldnotbeoutofwork。HewassogreatlymovedbyhiskindnessthathejoinedtheANCYouthLeague。Besides，hehelpedMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings.Eliaswashappytohelpbecauseheknewitwouldhelpthemachievetheirdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal。圖二:概要寫(xiě)作①JaneGoodallhasstudiedthewildlifeformanyyearsinAfrica。NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimps'behaviors。Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironment.However，thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960，itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyhermothercametohelpher。Herworkchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.Forexample,②oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicatewitheachother。For40years，Janehasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals。③Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsofwomen.圖三：概要寫(xiě)作②FrederickWilliamⅠ,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory。①ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit。Theamberhadabeautifulyellow.browncolour。Thedesignfortheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.TheAmberRoomwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels，whichtookateamofthecountry'sbestartiststenyearstomake.③TheAmberRoomwasconsideredoneofthewondersintheworld。However,theNaziGermanarmystoleitin1941.④Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoomremainsamystery。圖四：概要寫(xiě)作Therearevariouskindsofthemeparksintheworldwithaspecificthemeforeach.①ThemostfamiliaroneisprobablyDisneyland,whereyoucantravelthroughspace,visitapirateshipormeetyourfavouritefairytaleorDisneycartooncharacter。Ifyouwanttohavefunandmorethanfun，cometoDisneyland?、贒ollywood,inthebeautifulSmokyMountainsinthesoutheasternUSA，isoneofthemostuniquethemeparksintheworld.DollywoodshowsandcelebratesAmerica'straditionalsoutheasternculture.③IfyouwanttoexperiencetheancientdaysandgreatdeedsofEnglishknightsandladies,princesandqueens，thenEngland’sCamelotParkistheplaceforyou。ToenteraworldoffantasyaboutancientEngland,cometoCamelotPark!圖五:概要寫(xiě)作②DrYuanwasborninBeijingin1930.①Withasunburntfaceandaslim,strongbody，helooksmorelikeafarmerthanascientist。Aftergraduationin1953，hedevotedhislifetofindingwaystogrowmoreandmorerice。Atthattime,hungerwasaseriousprobleminmanypartsofthecountry.DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaoffields.Usinghishybridricefarmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore。③Successfulasheis,hecareslittleaboutmoneyandfame.②Asforhishobbies,helikeslisteningtoviolinmusicandplayingmah。jong，swimmingandreading.④Hisdreamistoproducemorericetofeedmorepeopleintheworld.SuchisYuanLongping,asimplemanwithgreatachievements。圖六:概要寫(xiě)作①CharlieChaplinwasahumorousactor,whoentertainedpeopleinnonverbalhumour。②Borninpoverty，hebecamefamousfocusingaparticularformofactinginentertainingsilentmovies.③Hewasacharmingcharacter,well.knownthroughouttheworld。Heplayedapoorandhomelessperson，wearinglargetrousers，worn。outshoesandasmallroundblackhatandcarryingawalkingstick.Thecharacterwasasocialfailureinthemovies,buthewaslovedbyallthepeople.Byovercomingdifficulties，beingkindtopeopleunkindtohim，makingasadsituationentertainingandeatingaboiledshoe，CharlieChaplinmadeushappyandexcited。④Inaword，heislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidence。圖七：概要寫(xiě)作①Yesterday,IwenttotheCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear’sinternationalstudents.ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.②IwasverysurprisedtoseeTonykissJuliaonthecheek!AhmedAziz,anotherinternationalstudent,wasfromJordan.Whenwemet，hemovedveryclosetomeasIintroducedmyself。Imovedbackabit,buthecamecloser，whichmademeembarrassed。OnlywhenIgettoknowmoreinternationalfriendsdoIlearnthatnotallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,noraretheycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople。③Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad。Ingeneral，though，studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday'sworldofculturalcrossroads!圖八:概要寫(xiě)作①ThetexttellsushowJohnSnowfoundoutthecauseofthedeadlydiseasecholerathroughscientificresearch.②Whenhefoundpeopleexposedtocholera，JohnSnowtriedtosolvethisproblem.Then，beforethinkingofamethod，heaskedaquestionthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Asheknew,cholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.In1854whencholerabrokeout,hebegantocollectinformationandfoundtheevidence。Afteranalyzingtheinformation，hefoundthatthepollutedwaterseemedtobetoblame。Tofindsupportingevidence,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexamined。③Finally，“KingCholera”wasdefeated.圖九：概要寫(xiě)作①CaliforniaisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA。ItisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.②Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly。However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes。Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain，whichiswhytodayover40％ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage。Intheearly1800s,RussianhuntersbegansettlinginCalifornia.In1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia，attractingpeoplefromallovertheworld.Today,Chinese。AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia.OtherimmigrantsincludeItalian，Danish,JewishandJapanesepeople.Inmorerecentdecades，CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans，Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians。③Asforitsfuture,therewillbesimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.圖十：概要寫(xiě)作①AnarchaeologistandstudentsthinkitreasonabletoassumesomeoftheearliestpeoplelivedinZhoukoudian,duetothefactthattheyhavefoundhumanandanimalbonesandtoolsinthosecaves.②Theycouldhaveusedfireplacestomakefirestokeepthemwarm,cookfoodandscarewildbeastsaway。Seeingtheneedlemadeofbone，thestudentsthinkitwasusedtomakeclothesfromanimalskins。Totheirsurprise,aprimitivenecklacemadeofshellswasfound,whichmadethemdrawtheconclusionthatallthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeoplesortheytravelledtotheseasideontheirjourneys.③Asforwhytheyarecalledhuntersandgatherers，it'sbecausetheydidn’tgrowtheirowncrops,butpickedfruitwhenitripenedandhuntedanimals.1．Actually，onlybygettingmovingandconstantlyadjustingtheplancanweachieveourfinalgoal。事實(shí)上，只有通過(guò)不斷地行動(dòng),不斷地調(diào)整計(jì)劃，我們才能達(dá)到我們的最終目標(biāo).2．WheneverwetalkabouttheDragonBoatFestival,wecan'thelpthinkingofQuYuan,agreatpatrioticpoetintheWarringStatesPeriod。每當(dāng)提到端午節(jié)，我們都情不自禁想到屈原,戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期一個(gè)偉大的愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人。3．Whenitcomestogreateducators,Confuciusshouldbeputinthefirstplace，whowasafamousthinker，educatorandphilosopherinChinesehistory,addingcolourfulelementstoChineseculture.談到偉大的教育家，孔子應(yīng)該排在首位，他是中國(guó)歷史上一位著名的思想家、教育家和哲學(xué)家，豐富了燦爛的中華文明。4．AsformyfavouritefigureinChinesehistory,itmustbeWeiYuan，agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.至于我最喜歡的中國(guó)歷史人物,那一定是魏源，晚清時(shí)期一個(gè)偉大的思想家.自主排查夯基固本Ⅰ核心單詞(1)quality(n.）質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)→quantity(形近詞)(n。)數(shù)量（2)active(adj。）積極的；活躍的→actively(adv.)積極地→activity（n。)活動(dòng)(3)devote（vt.）獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于→devoted（adj。）忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的→devotion（n。)關(guān)愛(ài)；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)（4）vote（vt.＆vi.）投票；選舉(n.)投票；選票；表決→voter（n.)投票人；選舉人（5)attack(vt.)進(jìn)攻；攻擊;抨擊(n。）攻擊；抨擊；疾病發(fā)作→attach(形近詞)(vt.）把……附(在……上）；重視（6)equal(adj.)相等的；平等的→equality（n.）平等；相等→equally(adv。)同樣地;相等地;公平地→unequal(adj。）不平等的；不公平的（7）escape(vt.&vi.）逃脫；逃走；避開(kāi)；泄漏→escaped(adj.）逃跑了的(8)educate（vt.)教育；訓(xùn)練→educated（adj。）受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→education(n.）教育→educator(n。）教育工作者→educational(adj.)教育的;有關(guān)教育的（9)beg（vi。)請(qǐng)求；乞求→begged（過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)→beggar(n。）乞丐（10)reward（n。）報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金（vt.)酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞→rewarding(adj。）值得的；有益的;有回報(bào)的（11)opinion(n。)意見(jiàn)；看法;主張Ⅱ閱讀單詞（1)mean（adj。）吝嗇的；自私的;卑鄙的（2）found（vt.)建立；建設(shè)（3)peaceful（adj.)和平的；平靜的；安寧的(4）hopeful（adj。)懷有希望的；有希望的(5）violence(n.）暴力；暴行(6)unfair(adj.）不公正的；不公平的（7)relative(n。）親戚；親屬(8)terror（n.）恐怖;可怕的人；恐怖時(shí)期;恐怖活動(dòng)(9）cruelty(n.）殘忍；殘酷(10)president(n.)總統(tǒng);會(huì)長(zhǎng)；校長(zhǎng);行長(zhǎng)[單句語(yǔ)法填空］1．Ibelievemy________（educate）andexperiencewillproveIamqualifiedfortheworkinyourcompany.答案：education2．Fortunately，Natalie'sfamily________（escape)toBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed.答案：escaped3．Itwasby________（vote）thattheymadethedecisionwhowouldbethevicepresidentoftheEnglishclubinourschool。答案：voting4．Parentsshould________(active）urgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams。答案:actively5．Tobehonest,therearemanylearnedteacherswhoarealways________(devote)totheirteachingworkinourschool。答案：devoted6．Shehopedthedifferentracialgroupsintheareacouldlivetogetherin________(peace）co.existence.答案：peaceful7．Underhisteacher's________（guide），hehasdevelopedintoanaccomplishedpianist。答案:guidance8．Learningtodealwiththesocialworldis________(equal)important.答案：equally9．Wheneverpeoplearoundgotintotrouble，theywere________（will）toturntoherforhelp，whichmadeherintoapersonrespectedbyallherneighbors。答案：willing10．ThedriverdeclaredguiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25，000and________(sentence）toupto3yearsinprison。答案：sentenced聯(lián)想積累1．表示“人物特點(diǎn)”的形容詞全掃描①active積極的；活躍的②generous慷慨的③warm。hearted熱心腸的④creative富有創(chuàng)造力的⑤devoted有獻(xiàn)身精神的⑥energetic有活力的⑦enthusiastic充滿(mǎn)熱情的⑧ambitious有雄心壯志的2．后綴“.ent”形容詞與“。ence”名詞大集合①violent暴力的violence暴力②silent沉默的silence沉默③different不同的difference差異④patient有耐心的patience耐心⑤confident自信的confidence信心⑥evident明顯的evidence證據(jù)⑦intelligent聰明的intelligence智力⑧independent獨(dú)立的independence獨(dú)立1．out_of_work失業(yè)2．a(chǎn)s_a_matter_of_fact事實(shí)上3．in_trouble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂(yōu)慮等的處境中4．turn_to求助于5．lose_heart喪失勇氣或信心6．cometopower上臺(tái);當(dāng)權(quán)7．setup建立；設(shè)立8．besentencedto被判處……（徒刑）9．blowup使充氣；爆炸10．inone’sopinion在某人看來(lái)[選詞填空]devoteto，introuble，turnto，loseheart,setup，asamatteroffact1．Hewasalovingfatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewas________.答案：introuble2．IfeelthatI'vebeengivenasecondlifeto________somethingthatismeaningfulandenormous。答案:devoteto3．In1963theUN________theWorldFoodProgramme，oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.答案：setup4．Istillwanttohavemyparentsto________wheneverIneedhelp.答案：turnto5．Youshouldn't________evenifyouareinthefaceofdifficulty。Instead,youshouldkeeptrying.答案：loseheart6．________，doingsportscanteachustobeconsiderate,cooperativeandoptimistic。答案：Asamatteroffact聯(lián)想積累1．“動(dòng)詞＋to”短語(yǔ)薈萃①devote。.。to致力于；獻(xiàn)身于 ②objectto反對(duì)③referto談到；涉及；參閱 ④pointto指向⑤turnto求助于⑥stick/hold/keepto堅(jiān)持；忠于⑦seeto處理；料理 ⑧cometo共計(jì)⑨belongto屬于⑩attendto處理；專(zhuān)心于;照料?addto增添 ?agreeto同意2．“outof＋名詞”短語(yǔ)大全①outofwork失業(yè)②outofbreath上氣不接下氣③outofcondition身體不好；情況欠佳④outofcontrol失去控制⑤outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)⑥outofdate過(guò)時(shí)的⑦outofdebt不欠債⑧outofluck運(yùn)氣不好；不湊巧⑨outofmind心不在焉⑩outoforder次序紊亂；損壞了課文原句句式梳理仿寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup。第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí),我感覺(jué)很糟.thefirsttime“第一次”，可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。everytime/eachtime“每一次”，也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。______________________________________(第一次遇見(jiàn)）thecraftsman，Iwasdeeplyimpressedbyhisexquisitecraftsmanship。答案:ThefirsttimeIcameacross直擊重點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)①devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于(P33）（1）單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)nfact，mygrannydevotedmostofhertime________paper-cuttingwhenyoung.②________（devote）tobuildingourmotherlandintoastrongcountry,hereturnedhomeaftergraduation.③Weweredeeplymovedbyhis________(devote）tothecauseofeducation.答案:①to②Devoted③devotion(2）單句改錯(cuò)DonaldTrumpalsoheldatownhallmeetingdevotingtohealthcareinsouthwesternVirginia。_______________________________________________________________答案：devoting→devoted（1）devote.。.to...把……奉獻(xiàn)于……devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；致力于(2)devotedadj.忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的；關(guān)于……的bedevotedto（doing）sth.專(zhuān)心于某事；奉獻(xiàn)于某事(3）devotionn.關(guān)愛(ài);關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)②equaladj。相等的；平等的；勝任的n.同等的人;相等物v.等于；抵得上(P34）單句寫(xiě)作①Allpeople____________，deservingthesamerightsaseachother.所有人都是平等的,應(yīng)享有同等權(quán)利.②Hesetsagoodexampletous.Asanall.aroundathlete，he____________。他給我們樹(shù)立了好榜樣。作為一個(gè)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他無(wú)與倫比。答案：①areequal②hasnoequal(1)beequalto＋n．/doing等于；與……相等;勝任beequalin在……方面相等beequalwith與……平等（2)AequalsB（in。.。）A（在……方面)比得上Bbewithoutequal/havenoequal無(wú)與倫比；無(wú)敵(3）equalityn.平等equallyadv。相等地;同等地;均等；同樣③escapevt。&vi。逃脫；逃走n.逃脫（P38)(1）單句語(yǔ)法填空①Hewascrossingthestreetwhenamanwasdrivingfasttowardshimandhenarrowlyescaped________（kill）．②Tomyrelief，bothchildrenescapedunharmed________theburningbuilding。答案：①beingkilled②from（2)單句寫(xiě)作Thebulletmissedaboutaninch，therefore,therabbithad__________________。子彈未擊中兔子，僅差一英寸,因此兔子僥幸逃脫.答案：anarrowescape(1)escapefrom。.。從……逃脫escape（doing)sth。逃避（做)某事（2)anarrowescape死里逃生(3）escapedadj。逃脫的④rewardn。報(bào)酬;獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞（P38)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswill________（reward）withsuccessintheend.②Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob，Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingand__________（reward）．③Hewantedtorewardthecleaners________theirefforts.答案:①berewarded②rewarding③for（1)give/offerarewardtosb。forsth。因某事給某人報(bào)酬（或賞金）（2）rewardsb.for(doing）sth。因(做)某事報(bào)答/獎(jiǎng)賞某人berewarded(withsth。）得到回報(bào)(3）rewardingadj.有益的；值得的;報(bào)酬高的①introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂(yōu)慮等的處境中(P35)單句寫(xiě)作①I(mǎi)twaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeone______________.我們快要回家的時(shí)候，我才意識(shí)到幫助了有困難的人感覺(jué)多么美妙！②Nomatterwhenyou________________studying，pleasedon’thesitatetoaskforourhelp.無(wú)論什么時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)有困難,請(qǐng)不要猶豫,一定要來(lái)找我們幫忙。③Somepeoplealwayssticktotheirviews,evenifitmeansthattheymay__________________。有些人總是堅(jiān)持他們的主張，即使那意味著他們會(huì)陷入困境。答案：①introuble②havetrouble(in）③getintotroublegetintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻煩havetrouble(in)doingsth。/withsth。做某事有困難/麻煩takethetroubletodosth.不怕費(fèi)事/不辭勞苦做某事②turnto求助于；致力于(P35)單句寫(xiě)作①Wheneverwehaveanydifficulty,wecan____________theteacher.Sheisalwaystheretohelp。每當(dāng)遇到困難，我們可以求助老師。她總會(huì)提供幫助。②EventuallyI______________theoffergivenbyaforeignuniversity，choosingtostudyinmyfavoriteuniversityathome.最后,我拒絕了國(guó)外大學(xué)的通知，選擇在國(guó)內(nèi)一所自己喜歡的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。③They______________tolookaftertheirsickfatherinhospital。他們輪流照顧生病住院的父親.答案：①turnto②turneddown③tookturns（1）turntosb.forhelp向某人求助taketurnstodo。../indoing..。輪流做……inturn依次；逐個(gè);相應(yīng)地byturns輪流地；交替地(2）turndown關(guān)??；拒絕turnaway拒絕……入內(nèi)；把……打發(fā)走turnup出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大turnout證明是；結(jié)果是；原來(lái)是turnover打翻;翻身；移交turn.。。into把……變成③loseheart喪失勇氣或信心（P37)單句寫(xiě)作①Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam，theydidn’t________________.雖然被對(duì)方球隊(duì)擊敗,但他們沒(méi)有喪失信心.②Thereisanoldsayinglikethis，“Nothingistoohardifyou__________.”俗話(huà)說(shuō)，“心之所愿，無(wú)所不成.”答案:①loseheart②putyourheartintoit(1)putone’sheartinto一心撲在……上learnsth。byheart背誦；記牢某事strike...intosb./sb。’sheart使……刻骨銘心loseone’shearttosb.愛(ài)上某人(2)heartandsoul全心全意地fromthebottomofsb.’sheart從心底；由衷地①［教材原句］Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.（P34)過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theoldtower________(witness）greatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.②Theyear1959________（see)thefirstappearanceofarealflyingshipintheworld.③Soonafterwards，weweresenttodifferentfamilies，________weenjoyedtraditionalEnglishfood，exchangingourideashappilyonfamiliartopics.答案：①haswitnessed②saw③where(1)see,find,witness等動(dòng)詞，可以用地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語(yǔ),表示某地或某時(shí)“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”了某事。該句是一個(gè)無(wú)生命的名詞作主語(yǔ)的句式.(2）當(dāng)先行詞是stage，situation,case，point，position等詞且從句缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用where或inwhich來(lái)引導(dǎo)，表示抽象的地點(diǎn)。②［教材原句］Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep。（P38)他在午餐后的休息時(shí)間以及晚上我們本來(lái)該睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alesisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent。②Doyouwanttoknowthereason________IrecommendclimbingMountTaitoyou？③Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.④Istillremembertheday________whichIfirstcametothisschool.答案:①when/duringwhich②why/forwhich③where/inwhich④on(1）此句是一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thelunchbreaksandtheevenings，并在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).（2)定語(yǔ)從句除了由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)外，還可由關(guān)系副詞when,where，why引導(dǎo)，它們?cè)趶木渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞用法when其先行詞常常是表示時(shí)間的名詞,如：time，day，hour,year等，when代替先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place，room,house，street,area等，where在從句中代替先行詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why常用在先行詞reason后,代替先行詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，也可用forwhich來(lái)代替選擇關(guān)系副詞作關(guān)系詞的原則是:從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，然后根據(jù)先行詞表示的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)和原因來(lái)確定when，where，why。課文回練升華運(yùn)用Doyouknowthe__1__(form)presidentofSouthAfrica，NelsonMandela?Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwas__2__prisonfornearlythirtyyears。Hehelpedblackpeoplegettheequalrightswithwhitepeople。Eliashadlittleeducation.Becausehisfamilycouldn'tafford__3__（pay）theschoolfees，hehadtodropoutofschool。Thenhefoundajobinagoldmineandheworriedabout__4__hewouldbeoutofwork。Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime__5__hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime,whowasablacklawyerandoffered__6__（guide）topoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Atthattime,blackpeoplehadnorights__7__（vote)andtheirlifewasdecidedbythewhites。NelsonMandelasaidtoEliasthattheywereputinaposition__8__theyhadeithertoaccepttheywerelessimportant，orfightthegovernment。Sohedecidedtouse__9__（violent).ThoughEliasdidn’tlikeviolence,hehelpedNelsonMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings。Heknewitwasdangeroustodoit，buthealsoknewitwastorealizetheirdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeople__10__(equal）．1．________2。________3.________4.________5.________6。________7.________8.________9.________10。________答案：1。former2。in3.topay4.whether5。that6.guidance7。tovote8。where9。violence10。equal基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)自主訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Nowtheirpeacetalkshavereachedakeystage________onesidemustgiveintotheother.答案：where當(dāng)先行詞是case，position，stage等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句使用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo).2．Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant，Ilearnedteamworkand________(devote)．答案：devotion由“teamworkand”可知，此處填名詞devotion“奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)”，作賓語(yǔ)。3．Whenananimalis________attackitcanrunawayorfightback。答案：underunderattack“受到攻擊"。4．Shestartedsingingtothebabyand________（reward)withasmile。答案：wasrewardedrewardsb.withasmile“對(duì)某人報(bào)以微笑"，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5．Noonewillescape________（punish）ifhebreakstheschoolrules.答案:beingpunishedescapebeingpunished“免于懲處”。6．Foronething，I'mgoodatEnglish,soIhavenodifficulty________(communicate）withstudentsfromothercountries.答案:communicatinghavenodifficultydoing“做某事沒(méi)有困難”。7．Hehated________（cruel）andcouldnevercausephysicalpaintoanymanoreventoanyanimal。答案:cruelty空格前是動(dòng)詞，此處用名詞形式作賓語(yǔ).8．Yourteachercangiveyou________(guide）onchoosingacareerandwritingajobapplication。答案:guidancegivesb.guidanceon..?！敖o某人關(guān)于……的指導(dǎo)或建議"，故此處填名詞guidance“指導(dǎo)”。9．________(educate）usuallyreferstoteachingpeoplevarioussubjects，usuallyataschoolorcollege.答案：Education此處應(yīng)用名詞education“教育”作主語(yǔ).10．Theyoungmanwassentencedto________(die）forkillingamiddleschoolstudent.答案：deathbesentencedtodeath“被判死刑”。Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作1．Althoughhewas________________(失業(yè)）,hedecidedtostartanewbusinessinsteadoflosingheart.答案：outofwork2．__________________(事實(shí)上)，feelingunconfidentandnervousisthemainreasonforfailingtheexam.答案:Asamatteroffact3．________________________，you'dbetterturntoyourteacherforhelp。當(dāng)你遇到麻煩時(shí),你最好向你的老師求助。答案:Whenyouareintrouble4．___________________________________________________________我認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣。（inone’sopinion）答案:Inmyopinion,weshoulddevelophealthyeatinghabits。5．_________________________________________________________上學(xué)期我們成立了英語(yǔ)社團(tuán)，使大家有機(jī)會(huì)展示自己的才藝。答案：Lastterm,wesetupanEnglishSociety,allowingustodisplayourtalents。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空（2019·廣東省肇慶市高中畢業(yè)班第一次檢測(cè)）Iwasthemiddlechildofthree，buttherewasagapoffiveyearsoneitherside,andIhardlysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.Forthis__1__otherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesand__2__(hold)conversationswithimaginarypersons,andIthink__3__theverystartmyliteraryambitions__4__(mix）upwiththefeelingofbeingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhada__5__（nature)abilitywithwordsandapoweroffacingunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthis__6__(create）asortofprivateworld__7__Icouldgetmyownbackformyfailureineverydaylife.However,__8__quantityofseriouswritingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodwouldnotadduptohalfadozenpages。Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive，mymothertakingitdowntodictation.Icannotrememberanyt