專題十一主旨大意Passage1(2014課標Ⅱ,A)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù)ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfrom,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahoforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshop.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.Hereportedthecasetotheandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinastrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganisedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewLateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusbandsnameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersand s.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthe s.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewephonenumbertoaThatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportant stousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.WhatdidRashidntodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshop.B.Findahouse.C.Joinhis D.TakeaThegirlsparentsgotRashidsphonenumber A.afriendofhis B.aSydneyC.aletterinhis D.astrangerinWhatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Showed.B.Sentout.C.Delivered. D.Gaveback.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext? toAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure. D.InSearchofNewFriends.Passage2(2014遼寧,C)體裁:說明文詞數(shù)Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?UBCProfessorSimardexinshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsNitrogen(氮)andcarbonareshared ofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks,makingsurethattreesinthe ecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神經(jīng)元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”,usuallythelargestandoldestntsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexinshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalforthe “Wedidnttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetothe ryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsfortheTheunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees peteforsurvivalB.protecttheirownC.dependoneachD.providesupportfordying“Mothertrees”areextremelyimportantbecause lookthelargestinsizeinpassonnutritiontoyoungseemmorelikelytobecutdownbyDknowmoreaboutthecomplex“treeTheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefers Ahow“treesocieties”BhowtreesgrowChowryindustryDhowyoungtreesWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheOldTreesCommunicateLikeYoungTreesAreInNeedOfTreesAreMoreAwesomeThanYouTreesContributeToOur]Passage3(2014,C)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù)Aschoolgirlsavedherfatherslifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(過敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColmsheartby (踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandIzzysmother,Debbie,immediaycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmswerentstrongenough,soshestampedonherfatherschestDebbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按壓)untiltheambulanceIzzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said:“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymummeCPRbutIknewIwasntstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“Shesalittlestar,”saidDebbie.“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcantbelievewhatdid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwevegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.HehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhisIzzykickedherfatherinthe A.toexpressherhelplessness B.topractiseCPRonhimC.tokeephimawakeD.torestarthisheart①Izzykicked②Debbiecalled③Izzy①Izzykicked②Debbiecalled③Izzylearned④Colmsheart WhatdoesParagraph8mainlytalkWhatColmColmspresentWhatcausedColmsSymptomsofColmsallergicWhydoestheauthorwritetheTodescribeaseriousToprovetheimportanceofToreporta9-year-oldgirlsbraveTocallpeoplesattentiontoallergic[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材是人物故事類。35歲的卡車Colm在家中因為過敏而心跳驟停,挽救他生命的不是隨后趕來的救護車,也不是他的妻子,而是他還在上小學(xué)的9歲的女兒你知道這個小是怎么Passage4(2014重慶,A)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù)Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsce,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(貼)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidybothgottiredofeachWarbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Iheardherscreaming,“Takeyourshoesaway!Whyundermybed!”Deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.Theroomwasfilledwithanger.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromherendoftheconversation,Icould lrightawayhergrandmawasseriouslyill.Whenshehungup,shequicklycrawled(爬)underhercovers,sobbing.Obviously,thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Allofasudden,awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.Slowly,Icollectedthepencils,tookbackthebooks,mademybed,cleanedthesocksandsweptthefloor,evenonherside.IgotsointomyworkthatIevendidntnoticeKatehadsatup.Shewaswatching,hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeofdisbelief.Then,shereachedoutherhandstograspmine.Ilookedupintohereyes.Shes atme,“Thanks.”KateandIstayedroommatesfortherestoftheyear.Wedidntalwaysagree,butwelearnedthekeytolivingtogether:givingin,cleaningupandholdingon.WhatmadeKatesoangryoneShecouldntfindherSheheardtheauthorshoutingShegotthenewsthathergrandmawasShesawtheauthorsshoesbeneathherTheauthortidieduptheroommostprobably shewasscaredbyKatesshehatedherselfforbeingsoshewantedtoshowhershewasaskedbyKatetodoHowisParagraph1mainly yzingByshowingBydescribingaByfollowingtimeWhatmightbethebesttitlefortheMyFriendHardWorkPaysHowtoBeLearningtoBe[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文,Kate的生活習(xí)慣截然相反:“我”邋Passage5(2014重慶,E)體裁: 詞數(shù)Itsgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheir alitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruléelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.Itsundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情),butinmanyinstanceswealsoinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds,whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually,weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.Moreover,wedontjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter—wecharactersthatwerenttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidnt.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,people ewhattheydo,thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegutsadvice:“Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.”Accordingtothepassage, alitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto A.determineonesbehaviorBreflectonestasteC.influenceonessurroundingsDresultfromoneshabitsWhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateoneshonesty.B.A willofferhisseattotheC.OnerecyclessticstoprotecttheD.OnebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofWhatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceintheWefailtorealizeourinnerWecanbeinfluencedbyoutsideOurbehavioristheresultofourtrueOurcharacterscanshapeoursocialWhatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthe alitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorand D.Attitudesandpreferences.[語篇解讀]本文為議 ,題材為社會生活類作者對人的行為和性格之間的關(guān)系進行了探討最后用KurtVonnegut的一句話進行了總結(jié):自己成什么,我們就是什么。所以,當(dāng)我們時,一定要謹慎呀!Passage6(2014山東,C)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù) manwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.Attheageofsixmonthsshewasacquired,alongwithhersister,byJohnAshley,awealthyMassachusettsslaveholder.Shebecameknownas“Mumbet”or“MumFornearly30yearsMumbetservedtheAshleyfamily.Oneday,AshleyswifetriedtostrikeMumbetssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furious,sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn,Mumbetconsultedalawyer,Th reSedgewick.Withhishelp,Mumbetsued()forherdom.WhileservingtheAshleys,MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettstheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewereandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.Eventually,Mumbetwonher dom—thefirstslaveinMassachusettstodosounderthenewconstitution.Strangelyenough,afterthetrial,theAshleysaskedMumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee.ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.Mumbetdiedin1829,butherlegacylivedoninhermanydescendants(后裔).Oneofhergreat-grandchildrenwasW.E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersofNAACP,andanimportantwriterand forAfricanAmericancivilMumbetstombstonestillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshewasburied.Itreads,inpart:“Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.”WhatdoweknowaboutMumbetaccordingtoParagraphShewasbornaShewasaShehadafamousShewasbornintoarichWhydidMumbetrunawayfromtheShefoundanShewantedtobeaShewashitandgotShehadtotakecareofherWhatdidMumbetlearnfromdiscussionsaboutthenewSheshouldalwaysobeyherownersSheshouldbe andequalasHowtobeagoodHowtoapplyforaWhatdidMumbetdoaftertheShechosetoworkforaShefoundedthe toservetheShewenttolivewithherWhatisthetextmainlyAstoryofafamouswriterand ThefriendshipbetweenalawyerandaThelifeofabraveAfricanAmericanAtrialthatshockedthewhole[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材為人物故事類。在制時代一個名叫Mumbet的通過自己的努CPassage7(2014山東,D)體裁:說明文詞數(shù)Howfitareyourteeth?Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?Neverfear:Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneor viaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright(Dontforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!)andmakesureyourebrushinglongenough.“Itskindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasis,”saysThomasServal,theFrenchinventor.Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphone,sodeveloperscould,forinstance,createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth.“Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun,”ServalServalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes”,butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed. saystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer,for$99to$199,dependingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.Servalsaysthatoneday,itllbepossibletorecethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.WhichisoneofthefeaturesoftheKolibreeItcansensehowusersbrushtheirItcantrackusersschoolItcandetectusersfearofseeingaItcanhelpusersfindtheirWhatcanwelearnfromServalswordsinParagraphYouwillfinditenjoyabletoseeaYoushouldseeyourdentistonaday-to-dayYoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyaYoudlikeadentisttowatchyoubrushyourteetheveryWhichofthefollowingmightmaketheKolibreetoothbrushItcanbeusedto Itcanbeusedto phoneItcansendmessagestootherItcantalktoitsWhatisParagraph5mainlyHowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtoWhyServalthoughtbrushingteethwasHowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirWhatinspiredServaltoinventtheWhatcanweinferaboutServalsTheywereunwillingtobrushtheirTheyoftenfailedtocleantheirTheypreferredtouseatoothbrushwithadryTheylikedbrushingtheirteethafterServalcameWhatcanwelearnaboutthefuturedevelopmentoftheKolibree?A.Thebrushhandlewillberemoved. phonewillbebuiltintoC.ItwillbeusedtofillholesinD.Itwillbeabletocheckusers[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文,題材為科普知識類。一位發(fā)明者發(fā)明了一種電子牙刷,它不僅可以幫人們正DPassage8(2014福建,A)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù)ItwasMothersDaymorninglastyearandI ngshopatourlocalsupermarketwithfive-year-oldson,Tenyson.Aswewereleaving,wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.Walkingtowardsthescene,Tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple.Hesaidtome,“Mum,itsnotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone.”Atthefrontofthesupermarket,acharity(慈善)grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandtoraisefunds.Tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower.“Itwillmakeherfeelbetter,”hewasamazedthathedcomeupwiththissweetidea.Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.“Justtakeit,”shereplied.“Icanttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture.”Bynowparamedics(急救人員)hadarrived,andwereattendingtotheinjuredwoman.Aswewalkedupher,mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment.HesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoInsteadIgavetheflowertothewomanshusbandandtoldhim,“MysonwasveryupsetforyourwifewantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelAtthat,theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid,“Thankyousomuch,youhaveawonderfulson.HappyMothersDaytoyou.”Themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower,lingherwhoitwasfrom.Thoughbadlyhurtandshaken,theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittles Whatdoestheauthorintend lOnecanneverbetooActionsspeaklouderthanLovebeginswithalittle AsmallactofkindnessbringsagreatWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheelderlywomanwasknockeddownbyTenyson.B.Tenysonsideaofbuyingaflowergainedhismotherssupport.C.Tenysonscarefortheelderlywomanpuzzledtheflowerseller.D.TheelderlywomanwasmovedtotearsbyTenysonsTheunderlinedword“intimidated”inthe paragraphprobablymeans“ Cfrightened Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FlowerPowerB.MothersDayC.AnAccidental D.AnEmbarrassing[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材為人物故事類。講述了一個母親節(jié)的早上,Tenyson到超Passage9(2014福建,D)體裁:議詞數(shù)Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyoureunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudonthaveenoughtastes.Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹沒)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyofhamandeggswhenyourehungry. ture,classicli ture,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestandrefreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarich ,forarich isnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary.MusiclikeMozartsandBachsshouldntbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyouvebroughtthatspirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,yabit.Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepTheauthorintends lus truehappinessliesinachievingwealthbyfairbighousesarepeoplesmostvaluedbighousescaninasensebringrichnessoftruehappinesscomesfromspiritualTheunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimplies Ahowevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobeBhowevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallyC.thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimpleD.thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeaItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat AmoremoneybringsmorehappinessB.artisneededtomakeyourhouse turecanenrichyourspiritualD.sportscontributemainlytoyourphysicalWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HouseofLifeB.SecretofC.RestandD.Interestand[語篇解讀]本文為議 Passage10(2014浙江,C)體裁:議詞數(shù)Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustrysoddloveaffairwith“l(fā)owtechnology”,aassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanship(手藝)thatexistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual(虛擬的)—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobvioussdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretation(闡釋)oflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting”.Atsoffice,anentireflooriscarpetedingrass. ssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingtrail.OlleLundberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectiontothemakerinourlives,andourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelmostimpoverished(貧乏的),becausetheyresurroundedbythedigitalworld,”hesays.“Theyrelookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentity,andwevefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodoThiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglish andwriter,turnedbacktopre-indu-strialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justaftertheIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedlife,”MorrisResearchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestore(恢復(fù))ourmentalcapacities.InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“ -bathe”,takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkceaswell.RachelKan,aprofessorofenvironmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironments.Herresearchfoundworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice—evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerestressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottages.Thewritermentionsthetwonineteenth-centurycottagestoshow ishavingahardoldcottagesareinneedofearlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinInternetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowLowtechnologyisregardedassomething isrelatedtoisoutofdateconsumestoomuchexistsinthevirtualThemainideaofParagraph5isthathuman Ahavedestroyedmanypre-industrialBhaveatraditionofvaluingartsand einligentbylearningD.canregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingThewritersattitudeto“l(fā)owtechnology”canbestbedescribedas A.positiveB.defensive C.cautiousD.doubtfulWhatmightbethebesttitleforthePastGlories,FutureTheVirtualWorld,theRealChallenge.C.High-techCompanies,Low-techOffices.D.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity.[語篇解讀]本文為議 公司將19世紀的小木屋改造成工程師的辦公室引入,介紹了一些高科技公司采用“低科技的”(實則親近自然的)技術(shù)和理念來打造辦公場所,指CPassage11(2014,D)體裁:說明文詞數(shù)Peoplearentwalkinganymore—iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidIfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasntinanyhurry,either.Ihadmerely eonemorevictimofanationalsicknessmotorosis.ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune(免疫的),forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingcesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattime,weregarded asagooddayswalkandtheabilitytocoveradistanceintenhoursasasignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced—andbeat—ateenagefootball yerthe168stepsuptheStatueofLiberty.Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle-aged sasbadfortheheart.Butawell-knownBritishphysician,SirAdolpheAbrahams,pointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperexercise.Awhoavoidsexerciseismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise—themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.Themanwalkingcanlearnthetrees,flowers,insects,birdsandanimals,thesignificanceofseasons,theveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworld.Hecannotlearninacar.Thecarisaconvenientmeansoftransport,butwehavemadeitourwayoflife.ManypeopledontdaretoapproachNatureanymore;tothemtheworldtheywereborntoenjoyisallthreat.Tothemsecurityisasteelriverthunderingonaconcreteroad.AndmuchoftheirthinkingtakescewhilewaitingforthetrafficlighttoturnIsaythatthegreenof sisthemindsbestlight.Andnonebutthemanonfootcanevaluatewhatisbasicandeverlasting.Whatisthenationalsickness?A.Walkingtoomuch.B.Travelingtoomuch.DrivingcarstooClimbingstairstooWhatwaslifelikewhentheauthorwasPeopleusuallywentaroundonPeopleoftenwalked aPeopleusedtoclimbtheStatueofPeopleconsideredaten-hourwalkasaTheauthormentionsHenryThoreautoprovethat Amiddle-agedpeoplelikegettingbacktonatureB.walkinginnaturehelpsenrichonesC.peopleneedregularexercisetokeepD.goingonfootpreventsheartWhatiscomparedto“asteelriver”inParagraphA.AqueueofB.ArayoftrafficC.AflashofD.AstreamofWhatistheauthorsintentionofwritingthis lpeopletoreflectmoreon mendpeopletogiveupToadvisepeopletodooutdoorToencouragepeopletoreturnto[語篇解讀]本文是說明文,題材為生活熱點。步行可以使我們更好地了解自然和自我,這一點是開車所無法DPassage12(2014江蘇,C)體裁:說明文詞數(shù)Mostdamagingly,angerweakensa sabilitytothinkclearlyandkeepcontroloverhisbehaviour.The losesobjectivityinevaluatingtheemotionalsignificanceofthe orsituationthatarouseshisNoteveryoneexperienceangerinthesameway;whatangersone mayamuseanother.Thespecificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrom basedonbiologicalandculturals.Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenoregardduels(決斗)asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfrom sawarenessofbehaviouronthepartofAngercanbeidentifiedinthebrain,wheretheelectricalactivitychanges.Undermostconditions,EEG(腦電圖)measuresofelectricalactivityshowbalancedactivitybetweentherightandleftprefrontal(額葉前部)areas.Behaviourallythiscorrespondstothegeneraleven-handeddisposition(意向)thatmostofuspossessofthetime.ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalarea