2020屆福建省龍巖市高三畢業(yè)班教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（二）英語試題（解析版）本試卷分第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，共10頁，滿分150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘，考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、考生號(hào)、縣區(qū)和科類填寫在答題卡和試卷規(guī)定的位置上。選出答案后，用2B鉛筆將答題2.第Ⅰ卷每小題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.第Ⅱ卷必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無效?？ǜ黝}目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)的位置，不能寫在試卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whereisthedaughter'snewphonenumber?A.Intheaddressbook.B.Onaletter.C.Inanotebook.2.Whathasthewomanforgottentodo?A.Orderthebirthdaycake.B.Planaparty.C.PickSarahupfromschool.3.HowmanyclassesdoesthegirlhaveonMonday?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.4.Whichaspectofyogadoesthemandoubt?A.Keepingfit.B.Losingweight.C.Givinghappiness.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Waysofcooking.B.Cleaningtechniques.C.Routinehousework.-1-第二節(jié)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.7.Whatfielddoesthegirlwanttoworkin?A.Law.B.Education.C.Health.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Sad.B.Delighted.C.Disappointed.9.WhydoesthewomandecidenottogotoSpain?A.It'sexpensiveforshoppingthere.B.Theweatherisalwaysterriblethere.C.Therearetoomanypeopleatthebeachesthere.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthefurthestawayfromthetreehouse?A.Theharbor.B.Thelakes.C.Thebeach.11.Atwhatheightwillthenewtreehousebebuilt?A.Threemeters.B.Fourmeters.C.Eightmeters.12.Whoneedstogohomerightaway?A.Keith.B.Steven.C.Kevin.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaskyscraper.B.Onamountain.C.Onabeach.14.Whatwillbethebiggestproblemgoingbackdown?A.Theicesheet.B.Therockface.C.Thedeepvalley.15.Whatviewimpressesthewomanmost?A.TheNorthernLights.B.Thesea.C.Thecity.16.Whenistheconversationtakingplace?A.Intheevening.B.Intheafternoon.C.Inthemorning.-1-聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatdidCharliesavemoneyfor?A.Abike.B.Theeducationfee.C.Anoperation.18.HowmuchdidCharliemakeinhissecondweek?A.$50.B.$100.C.$300.19.WhatwordcandescribeCharlie?A.Stupid.B.Confident.C.Selfless.20.WhydidCharliecryintheend?A.Hedidn'thaveenoughmoney.B.Hisgrandpawashealthyagain.C.Hewasmovedbyhisneighbors.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFourInspiringMoviesForrestGump（1992）ForrestGumpisasimplemanwithalowIQbutgoodintentions.Thismoviefollowsthefictionalstoryinwhichthesimplemanmakeshiswaythroughsomeofthemoreturbulent（動(dòng)蕩的）timesfromthe1960sthrough1980s.ThisfilmtookhomesixOscars,inspireda“WeirdAl”song,andprovesthatabigheartisthemostimportantthing.It'saWonderfulLife（1946）Nomovielistwouldbecompletewithoutanodtothepast.Let'sgowiththisChristmasclassic,aboutamanwithseriousfinancialtroubleswhointendstocommitsuicide（自殺）byjumpingoffabridge.HisguardianangelClarenceOdbodystopshimandtellshimwhatlifewouldhavebeenlikeforthoseclosetohimhadheneverbeenborn.Realizinghowmuchhemeanstoothers,herushesbackhomeandallsortsofhappy,inspirational,Christmassythingshappen.DeadPoet'sSociety（1990）JohnKeating（RobinWilliams）isahighschoolEnglishliteratureteacheratafamousall-maleboardingschoolwhogetsintotroublewiththeschooladministrationafterencouraginghisstudentstochallengeauthorityandthinkforthemselves.Itiscertainlyinspirational,ifnot-1-alsofrustratinglysad.ABeautifulMind（2001）ThismovietellsthestoryofJohnNash（RussellCrowe）,aprofessoratPrinceton,aUSuniversity,whorevolutionizedthefieldofgametheoryandfellintomadnessasaresultofparanoidschizophrenia（精神分裂癥）.Withtheloveandsupportofhisfamilyaswellasthehelp.ofmedicalprofessionals,hemanagedtoovercomehismentalillnessandcontinuedtomakecontributionstothefieldofmathematics.1.WhatcanweknowaboutIt'saWonderfulLife?A.Itprovesabigheartimportant.B.Ithasahappyending.C.Ittellsastoryoffriendship.D.Itisfamousfortheleadingrole.2.WhichfilmareRobinWilliams'fansmorelikelytowatch?A.ForrestGump.B.I'saWonderfulLife.D.ABeautifulMind.C.DeadPoet'sSociety.3.AttheendofABeautifulMind，theprofessor___________A.becameafamousexpertinpsychologyB.gothisfamily'ssupportforstudyinggametheoryC.gainedlotsofexperienceintreatingschizophreniaD.defeatedthediseaseandwentontopursuemaths【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】這是一則電影廣告。文章介紹了四部鼓舞人心的電影。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)It'saWonderfulLife（1946）中Realizinghowmuchhemeanstoothers,herushesbackhomeandallsortsofhappy,inspirational,Christmassythingshappen.“意識(shí)到自己對(duì)別人有多重要，他急忙回家，各種各樣的快樂，鼓舞人心，圣誕節(jié)般的事情發(fā)生了?！庇纱伺袛喑?，“It'saWonderfulLife”有一個(gè)快樂的結(jié)尾。故選B。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)DeadPoet'sSociety（1990）中JohnKeating（RobinWilliams）isahighschoolEnglishliteratureteacheratafamousall-maleboardingschoolwhogetsintotroublewiththeschool-1-administrationafterencouraginghisstudentstochallengeauthorityandthinkforthemselves.Itiscertainlyinspirational,ifnotalsofrustratinglysad.“約翰·基廷(羅賓·威廉姆斯飾)是一所著名寄宿男校的高中英語文學(xué)老師，他鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威、獨(dú)立思考，卻因此惹上了學(xué)校管理的麻煩。它肯定是鼓舞人心的，如果不是也令人沮喪的悲傷?！庇纱伺袛喑?，RobinWilliams的粉絲更有可能觀看電影DeadPoet'sSociety.故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ABeautifulMind（2001）中Withtheloveandsupportofhisfamilyaswellasthehelpofmedicalprofessionals,hemanagedtoovercomehismentalillnessandcontinuedtomakecontributionstothefieldofmathematics.“在家人的關(guān)愛和支持以及醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)人士的幫助下，他成功地克服了精神疾病，并繼續(xù)在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出貢獻(xiàn)?！庇纱丝芍?，在《美麗心靈》一書的結(jié)尾，教授戰(zhàn)勝了疾病，繼續(xù)追求數(shù)學(xué)。故選D。BInthe1970s,chemistJamesLovelockandmicrobiologistLynnMargulisdevelopedtheGaiahypothesis（蓋亞假說）:allorganicandinorganiccomponentsontheplanetarepartofoneself-regulatingsystem,workingtomaintainlifeonearth.Scientistsagreethatweneedtakesignificantactiontocontrolemissions（排放）.Butwherescientistsandpopularmovementshavethusfarfailedtoconvincetheworldtoact,itseemsthatMotherEarthmayhavesucceeded,withthenever-before-seenCOVID-19.COVID-19isestimatedtohavereducedcarbondioxideemissioninChinabyaquarter.Itcausedfactoriestoshutdown,andslowedconstructionactivities.Recentanalysisshowsa70percentdropinflightsinFebruarycomparedwithJanuary.Andevengettingintoacarandgoingtoarestaurant,shoppingmall,orconcertposesariskofinfection,whichmeansthatmanypeoplearechoosingtostayathomeandareconsumingless,resultinginasignificantreductionoftheircarbonfootprints.Ofcourse,Chinaandtherestoftheworldwillhopetorestartnormalproductionandconsumptionassoonasthevirusisundercontrol.However,somepositivemeasureshavealreadybeentakenasaresultofCOVID-19.Asthevirusisthoughttooriginatefromwildlife,Chineseauthoritiesarerevisinglawsandregulationsregardingthecountry'smassivewildlifetradeinordertopreventfutureepidemics（流行?。猘winforbiodiversity.Thedeathsofthousandsofpeopleworldwideshouldalsoserveasalastingreminderofthefragilityoflife.Wehumansfrequentlyignoreorrepressuncomfortablethoughtsofdeathand-1-extinction.Wewouldrathergetonwithourlivesasusual,thinkingeverythingwillsomehowworkoutintheend.Onlyinthefaceofsufferinganddeathareweforcedtoviewthebigger,longer-termperspective—andthisiswhatisneededinordertoreactappropriatelytoclimatechange.COVID-19hassentalarmbellsringingthroughouttheworld.4.WhatdoestheauthormentiontheGaiahypothesisfor?A.Totellthemainideaofthetext.B.Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.C.Toshowtheneedtoprotecttheplanet.D.Tostresstheimportanceofself-regulatingsystem.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheunexpectedbenefitofCOVID-19.B.TheeconomicinfluenceofCOVID-19.C.ThepreventivemeasuresforCOVID-19.D.ThepossiblecausesofCOVID-19.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"repress"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Control.C.Vary.B.Hold.D.Test.7.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthetext?A.It'surgenttofightthevirus.B.Thevirushascausedmanydeaths.C.Lifeisfragileinfaceofdisasters.D.Actionisneededforclimatechange.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。蓋亞假說認(rèn)為全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，其運(yùn)作機(jī)制被認(rèn)為類似一個(gè)巨大的自調(diào)節(jié)有機(jī)體；在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，所有生命體一起定義并維持地球上有利于生命存續(xù)的條件?？茖W(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為，我們需要采取重大行動(dòng)來控制排放。但是，盡管科學(xué)家和民眾運(yùn)動(dòng)迄今未能說服世界采取行動(dòng)，地球母親似乎已經(jīng)成功了，帶來了前所未見的新型冠狀病毒肺炎。新型冠狀病毒肺炎給人們帶來可災(zāi)難，這為人類敲響了警鐘，氣候變化需要人類采取行動(dòng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Inthe1970s,chemistJamesLovelockandmicrobiologistLynnMargulis-1-developedtheGaiahypothesis（蓋亞假說）:allorganicandinorganiccomponentsontheplanetarepartofoneself-regulatingsystem,workingtomaintainlifeonearth.Scientistsagreethatweneedtakesignificantactiontocontrolemissions（排放）.Butwherescientistsandpopularmovementshavethusfarfailedtoconvincetheworldtoact,itseemsthatMotherEarthmayhavesucceeded,withthenever-before-seenCOVID-19.“20世紀(jì)70年代，化學(xué)家詹姆斯·洛夫洛克和微生物學(xué)家林恩·馬古利斯提出了蓋亞假說:地球上所有的有機(jī)和無機(jī)成分都是一個(gè)自我調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的一部分，維持著地球上的生命?？茖W(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為，我們需要采取重大行動(dòng)來控制排放。但是，盡管科學(xué)家和民眾運(yùn)動(dòng)迄今未能說服世界采取行動(dòng)，地球母親似乎已經(jīng)成功了，帶來了前所未見的2019冠狀病毒。”由此判斷出，作者提到Gaiahypothesis是為了介紹討論的主題。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句COVID-19isestimatedtohavereducedcarbondioxideemission據(jù)估計(jì)，新冠肺炎使中國(guó)的二氧化碳排放量減少了四分之一。導(dǎo)致它們的碳足跡顯著減少。”由此可知，第二段講述的是COVID-19的意外益處。故選A。inChinabyaquarter.resultinginasignificantreductionoftheircarbonfootprints.“【6題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Thedeathsofthousandsofpeopleworldwideshouldalsoserveasalastingreminderofthefragilityoflife.“全世界成千上萬人的死亡也應(yīng)成為生命脆弱性的一個(gè)持久的提醒?！笨芍拔覀?nèi)祟惤?jīng)常忽略或壓抑關(guān)于死亡和滅絕的不舒服的想法?！庇纱送浦?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“控制，壓抑”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。最后一段中Onlyinthefaceofsufferinganddeathareweforcedtoviewthebigger,longer-termperspective—andthisiswhatisneededinordertoreactappropriatelytoclimatechange.“只有在面對(duì)苦難和死亡的時(shí)候，我們才會(huì)被迫從更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度來看待問題，而這正是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化所需要的。”由此判斷出，氣候變化需要人類采取行動(dòng)。故選D。CScreentimeincreasesby300percentbetweentheagesof1and3accordingtoarecentstudy.Inaperfectworld,parentswouldalwayschooseoutdoortimeoverscreentime.Butformanyparents,decreasingscreentimeisn'tassimpleasitsounds.That'sbecausescreensareincreasinglyusedasanentertainmentanddistraction（分心）toolforkidswhichparentsthinkisnecessaryduetoalackofqualitychildcare.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentdefinesaffordablechildcareascarecostingnomorethan7-1-percentofafamily'stotalincome,yetmorethan40percentoffamiliessaytheysetasidemorethan15percentoftheirtotalincomeforit,accordingtoa2019surveypublishedbyCare.com.AffordablechildcareinAmericaisadream.“Screentimeisusedasalastsubstituteforchildcareformanyfamilies,”sayslicensedchildtherapist（治療師）KatieLear.“Particularlyforparentswhoworkfromhome,itcanbehardtojustifyhiringacaregiverorpayingfordaycare.Andyetchildrenneedtobeabletokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringimportantworkcalls.TurningontheTVcanbuytheparentsomevaluabletimeduringwhatcanbeaverytiringday."Ifaffordablechildcarewasn'tjustadaydream,ifthesystemwehavewasn'tdependentontwoincomes,ifparentscouldactuallyaffordnottowork50+hoursaweek,ifchildcarecenterscouldaffordtopaytheirworkersadesirablewage,thenmaybe,we'dseescreentimedecreaseinsteadofincrease.WeknowourkidsshouldbeinteractingwithsomethingotherthanYouTubevideosandflashgamesforhoursaweek.Butbeforewefixourbrokensystemandbeforeaffordable,qualitychildcarebecomesareality,parentsandcaregiversaregoingtodowhatevertheycantomakeit,andthatincludesusingscreensaspassivechildcare.8.Whydoparentsallowtheirchildrentospendmuchtimeonscreens?A.Topleasetheirchildren.B.Tomakeupthelackofqualitychildcare.C.Toattractkids'attentiontoclassesonline.D.Tohelpchildrenlearnaboutnecessarytechnology.9.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph2indicate?A.Childcareworkershavehighincome.B.ChildcarecentersarepopularinAmerica.C.Childcareisaheavyburdenforparents.D.Childcareissupportedbylocalgovernment.10.WhyisLearmentionedinthetext?A.Touncoverthereasonforscreentimeaschildcare.B.Toprovetheadvantagesofadoptingc-products.C.Topresentthewaysofparents'improvingchildcare.D.Toexplainthebenefitsofhiringacaregiver.11.What'sthekeyinreducingchildren'sscreentime?A.Enoughcompanytime.B.Highincomeinthefamily.-1-C.TurningofftheTV.D.Hiringacaregiver.【答案】【解析】【分析】8.B9.C10.A11.A這是一篇說明文。根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)研究，由于父母支付不起高質(zhì)量的保育費(fèi)用，1歲到3歲的孩子在電子產(chǎn)品的屏幕前的時(shí)間增加了300%。減少兒童看屏幕時(shí)間的關(guān)鍵是“足夠的陪伴時(shí)間”?！?題詳解】第一段中That'sbecausescreensareincreasinglyusedasanentertainmentanddistraction（分心）toolforkidswhichparentsthinkisnecessaryduetoalackofqualitychildcare.必要的，因?yàn)槿狈?xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“這是因?yàn)槠聊辉絹碓蕉嗟乇挥米骱⒆觽兊膴蕵泛头稚⒆⒁饬Φ墓ぞ?，家長(zhǎng)們認(rèn)為這是高質(zhì)量的托兒服務(wù)。”由此可知，家長(zhǎng)允許孩子花很多時(shí)間在屏幕上是為了來彌補(bǔ)高質(zhì)量?jī)和Ｓ牟蛔?。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段TheUnitedStatesgovernmentdefinesaffordablechildcareascarecostingnomorethan7percentofafamily'stotalincome,yetmorethan40percentoffamiliessaytheysetasidemorethan15percentoftheirtotalincomeforit,accordingtoa2019surveypublishedbyCare.com.“根據(jù)美國(guó)護(hù)理協(xié)會(huì)(care)2019年發(fā)布超過家庭總收入40%的家庭表示，他們?yōu)橥袃悍?wù)留出了總收入的15%以上?！钡诙蔚臄?shù)字表明“照顧孩子對(duì)父母來說是個(gè)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。”故選C。的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，美國(guó)政府將負(fù)擔(dān)得起的托兒服務(wù)定義為花費(fèi)不7%的護(hù)理，但超過由此可知，【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Particularlyforparentswhoworkfromhome,itcanbehardtojustifyhiringacaregiverorpayingfordaycare.Andyetchildrenneedtobeabletokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringimportantworkcalls.TurningontheTVcanbuytheparentsomevaluabletimeduringwhatcanbeaverytiringday."“特別是對(duì)于那些在家工作的父母來說，很難雇傭保姆或支付日托費(fèi)用。然而，孩子們需要在重要的工作電話中讓自己保持忙碌。打開電視可以為父母在疲憊的一天中贏得一些寶貴的時(shí)間。由此判斷出，Lear被提到是為了找出孩子在屏幕前的原因。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Ifaffordablechildcarewasn'tjustadaydream,ifthesystemwehavewasn'tdependentontwoincomes,ifparentscouldactuallyaffordnottowork50+hoursaweek,ifchildcarecenterscouldaffordtopaytheirworkersadesirablewage,thenmaybe,we'dseescreentimedecreaseinsteadofincrease.“如果負(fù)擔(dān)得起照顧孩子不只是一個(gè)白日夢(mèng),如果保育系統(tǒng)-1-不依賴于兩個(gè)收入,如果家長(zhǎng)每周不工作50+小時(shí),兒童保育中心可以支付工人的工資,那么,我們會(huì)看到屏幕上的時(shí)間減少,而不是增加?！庇纱伺袛喑觯瑴p少兒童看屏幕時(shí)間的關(guān)鍵是“足夠的陪伴時(shí)間”。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】在細(xì)節(jié)考查題中有一類事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)類型的閱讀理解題，一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣。此類題型一般分兩種。第一種是直接理解題，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二種是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，正確選項(xiàng)是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。做此類試題一定要抓住事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人、物發(fā)展過程和結(jié)局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生義。本題第1小題，根據(jù)第一段中That'sbecausescreensareincreasinglyusedasanentertainmentanddistraction（分心）toolforkidswhichparentsthinkisnecessaryduetoalackofqualitychildcare.“這是因?yàn)槠聊辉絹碓蕉嗟乇挥米骱⒆觽兊膴蕵泛头稚⒆⒁饬Φ墓ぞ?，家長(zhǎng)們認(rèn)為這是必要的，因?yàn)槿狈Ω哔|(zhì)量的托兒服務(wù)?！庇纱丝芍?，家長(zhǎng)允許孩子花很多時(shí)間在屏幕上是為了來彌補(bǔ)高質(zhì)量?jī)和Ｓ牟蛔?。故選B。DAbutterfly'swingscanhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsectintheair.Theymaybecalledontoattractmates,towarnpotentialenemiestostayaway,todootheranimalsoreventoprovidedisguise（偽裝）.Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheircolouration—whichisunchanging.Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird'sfeathersoramammal'shair.Infact,thatisnottrue.Forexample,insomespeciesmales'wingsharbourspecialcellsthatreleasechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity,inNewYork,hasbeenlookingintothematter.Oneofhisinterestsistheoptical（光學(xué)的）propertiesofbiologicalmaterials.Thathasledhimtostudybutterflywingsinmoredetail.And,incooperationwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedthisweekinNatureCommunications,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.Initially,DrYuandDrPiercewantedtoknowhowtheinsectskeeptheirbodytemperaturesupwithouttheirwingsoverheating.Unlikebirdsandmammals,butterfliesdonotproduceenoughinternalheattometabolize（新陳代謝）.Instead,theyrelyonoutsideheatsources—usuallythesun—tobringtheirbodiesuptospeed.Buttheirwings,beingthinproteinmembranes（膜）,havealimitedthermalcapacity.Thosewingscanthereforeoverheatquicklyiftheinsectsareexposedtothesunlighttoolong,or,oppositely,cancooldowntoorapidlyiftheyareflyingthroughcoldair.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalaser（激光）toheatupspotsonthewings-1-ofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40℃orso,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsexposuretothelaser,beatingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.12.What'sDrYu'sdiscoveryaboutbutterflywings?A.Theycontaindeadtissue.B.Theyaretoothintostoreheat.C.Theyhavedifferentfunctions.D.Theyreactquicklytohighheat.13.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothetext?A.Butterfliesmetabolizecompletelywithitsinternalheat.B.Chemicalsfrombutterflywingshelpdriveawaythreats.C.Thecolorofbutterfly'swingskeepsfixed.D.Theresearchersachievedbiginopticalproperties.14.Howcanabutterflystopitswingsoverheating?A.Byprovidingheatitself.B.Byflyingthroughcoldair.C.Byremovingthesourceofheat.D.Byadjustingtheirheatingsurface.15.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AResearchintoButterflyWingsB.TheJobsofButterflyWingsC.ButterflyWings:DeadorAliveD.ButterflyWingsTemperatureChanges【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。普遍認(rèn)為蝴蝶翅膀是死亡組織的觀點(diǎn)，就像鳥的羽毛或哺乳動(dòng)物的毛發(fā)一樣。但事實(shí)并非如此，經(jīng)過研究證實(shí)蝴蝶的翅膀確實(shí)是活的?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40℃or-1-so,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.“當(dāng)激光照射的區(qū)域溫度達(dá)到40℃左右時(shí)，昆蟲會(huì)在幾秒鐘內(nèi)做出反應(yīng)，停止翅膀進(jìn)一步升溫?！庇纱丝芍?，他們對(duì)高溫方應(yīng)迅速。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheircolouration—whichisunchanging.“然而,所有這些角色都取決于它們不變的色彩。由此可知蝴蝶翅膀的顏色是固定的。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsexposuretothelaser,beatingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.“昆蟲在幾秒鐘內(nèi)做了一些事情,阻止了他們的翅膀進(jìn)一步加熱。這些動(dòng)作包括蝴蝶轉(zhuǎn)身以減少暴露在激光下的時(shí)間，拍打翅膀或者干脆走開。”由此可知，蝴蝶通過調(diào)整受熱表面，來阻止翅膀的過熱。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird'sfeathersoramammal'shair.“這正好印證乳動(dòng)物的毛發(fā)一樣?！焙偷谌巫詈笠痪涫腔畹??！彼远涛牡淖罴褬?biāo)題為“蝴蝶的翅膀【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的推理判斷，意義和義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等標(biāo)志性詞語。本題第3小題，根據(jù)最后一段中theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheating了蝴蝶翅膀是死亡組織的觀點(diǎn)，就像鳥的羽毛或哺thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.“蝴蝶的翅膀確實(shí):死的還是活的”。故選C。從而得到文章的隱含深層意推理題的upfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsexposuretothelaser,beatingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.“昆蟲在幾秒鐘內(nèi)做了一些事情,阻止了他們的翅膀進(jìn)一步加熱。這些動(dòng)作包括蝴蝶轉(zhuǎn)身以減少暴露在激光下的時(shí)間，拍打翅膀或者干脆走開。”由此可知，蝴蝶通過調(diào)整受熱表面，來阻止翅膀的過熱。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhenyouthinkoftheArctic,youimagineanicylandofpurewhitesnow.OthersimagineitasthelastreallycleanplaceleftonEarth.Wehavepollutedthedeepestoceanswithplastictrash,____16____-1-GermanscientistshaverecentlyfoundmicroplasticsinArcticsnow.____17____Sadly,thescientistsfound1,800piecesofmicroplasticperliterofsnow.HowisplasticpollutionreachingtheArctic?Accordingtoscientists."It'sapparentthatthemajorityofthemicroplasticsinthesnowcomesfromtheair."Theyfalloffplasticobjectsandaremovedbythewind,justlikedust.___18___FindingtheseplasticsinArcticsnowmeansthatwemaybreathethemin.Anevenhigheramountofmicroplasticwasfoundinthesnowaroundcities.Thehighconcentrationsfoundinsnowsamplessuggestmicroplastics,whichcontainrubberorchemicalsusedinsyntheticfabrics（混合纖維）,maycausesignificantairpollution.____19____Scientistscannotanswerthisquestionfornow,accordingtotheworldHealthOrganization.Wedoknowthatourbodiescannottakein"large"piecesofmicroplastics.However,iftheplasticsaresmallenough,theycanfindwaysintoourbodiesandstaythereforalongtime.What'smore,earlierstudieshaveshownthatmicroplasticsmaycontributetolungcancerrisk,heighteningtheneedtofurtherassesstherisksoftakingthemin,thestudysaid.Microplasticshavealsobeenfoundinriversandoceansaroundtheworld.Previousresearchhasfoundthattheyflowoverlongdistancesandintoouroceans,damagingecosystemsalongtheway.____20____Thewastewaterthenflowsintoriversandouttosea,wheretheyareeatenbyseaanimals.Ifpeopletheneattheseanimals,itmeansthatwe'reeatingtheplasticaswell.A.Aretheybadforus?B.andnowit'stheArctic'sturn.C.soweshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheworld.D.Theymixwithiceintheairandfalltothegroundassnow.E.Microplasticsarepiecesofplasticsmallerthan5millimeters.F.Theystartinourwaterwhenwewashclotheswithplasticfibers.G.Isplasticpollutiondoinggreatdamagetoourglobaleconomy?【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.A20.F【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹塑料已經(jīng)污染了北極?！?6題詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)Wehavepollutedthedeepestoceanswithplastictrash,____1____此處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)并列句、從句或非謂語動(dòng)詞的句子，所以應(yīng)該在B/C中選擇。根據(jù)前半句Wehavepollutedthedeepest-1-oceanswithplastictrash,“我們的塑料垃圾已經(jīng)污染了海洋最深處?！庇纱丝芍?，B項(xiàng)andnowit'stheArctic'sturn.（現(xiàn)在輪到北極了。）切題。故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“德國(guó)科學(xué)家最近在北極雪中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“不幸的是，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)每升雪含有1800片塑料微粒?！背薪由舷挛模珽項(xiàng)Microplasticsarepiecesofplasticsmallerthan5millimeters.（微塑料是小于5毫米的塑料。）切題。故選E。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“它們從塑料物體上掉下來，被風(fēng)吹走，就像灰塵一樣?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“在北極雪中發(fā)現(xiàn)這些塑料意味著我們可能會(huì)吸入它們?！背薪由舷挛模珼項(xiàng)Theymixwithiceintheairandfalltothegroundassnow.（它們與空氣中的冰混合，然后像雪一樣落到地上。）切題。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文提示“根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織，科學(xué)家目前還不能回答這個(gè)問題?！背薪酉挛?，A項(xiàng)Aretheybadforus?（它們對(duì)我們有害嗎?）切題。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“先前的研發(fā)究現(xiàn)，它們會(huì)長(zhǎng)距離地流入海洋，沿途破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“廢水然后流入河流，流入大海，被海洋動(dòng)物吃掉?！背薪由舷挛?，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Theystartinourwaterwhenwewashclotheswithplasticfibers.（當(dāng)我們洗滌的衣服中含有塑料纖維時(shí)，微塑料便會(huì)殘留在污水中。）切題。故選F。第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Expecttheunexpected“Nothingisevereasy!”Acoupleofdaysago,mygrandfatherwas____21____hisfavoriteexpression.Thefollowingday,asIcompletedmywork,I____22____abeeontheskylight（天窗）Thoughtheskylightwasparticularlyhigh,Ithought____23____thebeewouldtakeonlyfiveminutes.Anhourlater,thebeestillremained.WhathadchangedwasthattheroomwasmessyandthatIwas____24____fromlookingupintothesunlight.Ididn'texpecttowasteanhouronaninsectso____25____.butbydoingso,Iunderstoodwhatmygrandfathermeant.Itisnotonlytimewetendtounderestimate—wedon't____26____unexpectedcosts.Weoftenimaginewhatworkinour____27____,butseldomconsidernegativethingsthatcould____28____us.-1-However,itisimportanttorememberthatthingsmightnotgoas____29____,whichisnormal.Itis_____30_____acceptabletofeelchallenged—evenasimpletask,becausethatispartoflife.Ifyouacceptthat,lifemightseemmore_____31_____.Inmiddleschool,IthoughthighschoolmightbeeasierbecauseIcouldchoosethe_____32_____Iwantedtotake.Inhighschool,Ithought_____33_____mightbeeasierbecauseIwouldhavea_____34_____suitedformyself.Yeteachtime,Iwaswrongand_____35_____.Afteracceptingschoolwouldn'tbeeasy,Ifoundmyselfwithamore_____36_____attitude.Certainly,thereshouldbepreparationstotake_____37_____andtimeintoconsideration.Itcanhelpyou_____38_____yourgoalsinabetterway.However,thereisno_____39_____toblameourselveswhensomethingstandsinourpath.Maybewecannotseeabeecomingourway,butwecangiveourselvesthe_____40_____timetocatchit.21.A.studying22.A.feltB.provingB.savedB.removingB.sickC.explainingC.spottedC.keepingC.afraidD.teachingD.searchedD.protectingD.pleasedD.dangerousD.improveonD.favor23.A.moving24.A.dizzy25.A.lovelyB.tinyC.busy26.A.accountforB.giveupC.cutdownC.mind27.A.lifeB.turn28.A.affect29.A.knownB.inspireB.plannedB.occasionallyB.manageableB.booksC.entertainC.confirmedC.perfectlyC.unbearableC.notesD.cheatD.mentionedD.slightlyD.changeableD.classesD.marriageD.scheduleD.frightenedD.positiveD.prices30.A.rarely31.A.reasonable32.A.measures33.A.college34.A.career35.A.delighted36.A.objective37.A.costsB.workC.lifeB.dreamC.experienceC.disappointedC.selfishC.worthB.amazedB.conservativeB.value38.A.shareB.setC.evaluateC.needD.accomplishD.way39A.possibilityB.importance40.A.limitedB.extraC.equalD.precious-1-【答案】21.C22.C23.B24.A25.B26.A27.D28.A29.B30.C31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C36.D37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過花一個(gè)小時(shí)抓蜜蜂的故事，告訴我們“接受意料之外的事情”，證明了“沒有什么是容易的!”【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“沒有什么是容易的!”“幾天前，我爺爺在解釋他最喜歡的表達(dá)。A.studying學(xué)習(xí)；B.proving結(jié)果是；C.explaining解釋；D.teaching教。根據(jù)第1空后的hisfavoriteexpression.可知，此處指爺爺“解釋”最喜歡的表達(dá)。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，當(dāng)我完成我的工作時(shí)，我在天窗上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只蜜蜂。A.felt感到；B.saved挽救；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.searched搜尋。根據(jù)第2空后的abeeontheskylight可知，此處指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”一只蜜蜂。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然天窗特別高，但我想把蜜蜂弄走只需要五分鐘。A.moving移動(dòng)；B.removing移除；C.keeping保持；D.protecting保護(hù)。根據(jù)第3空后的thebeewouldtakeonlyfiveminutes.Anhou