第三章語(yǔ)法知識(shí)一、考點(diǎn)解讀

語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選擇題是高職高考重要的題型,一共有20小題,共30分。它考查高中階段出現(xiàn)的所有的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),主要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)每一年都出現(xiàn)一題。雖然在考試中每一題所占的分值不高,但是涉及面廣,且有一定的難度,我們需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待,進(jìn)行有效而系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)。二、解題技巧語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選擇題表面看起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單,但要想做好,也不容易。通過(guò)近幾年對(duì)英語(yǔ)試卷及得失分的分析,有很多同學(xué)單項(xiàng)填空題正確率還不到一半,這已成為高考分?jǐn)?shù)拉開(kāi)距離的題型。根據(jù)大量的抽樣調(diào)查表明,除英語(yǔ)單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)(基礎(chǔ)特別差)的學(xué)生,許多考生把單項(xiàng)填空題理解為單純的語(yǔ)法考查題,把選項(xiàng)和語(yǔ)境割離開(kāi)來(lái),被干擾選項(xiàng)迷惑。近年來(lái),考題重視考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐能力,將單純的語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)言知識(shí)放置于一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,考生應(yīng)該把單項(xiàng)選擇題當(dāng)成一個(gè)小的閱讀理解題,一道題的每個(gè)單詞甚至是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)都在提供信息,從理解語(yǔ)境出發(fā)到找到關(guān)鍵詞,再加上語(yǔ)法、句法、固定搭配去找到正確答案。還有一些單項(xiàng)選擇題的測(cè)試點(diǎn)本來(lái)十分簡(jiǎn)單,但命題者有意把題干復(fù)雜化,改寫(xiě)為一個(gè)少見(jiàn)或陌生的結(jié)構(gòu)。考生可以反其道而行之,把題干還原為自己熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu),如將疑問(wèn)句改為陳述句,將倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句,將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉,將難句簡(jiǎn)化或者是將省略句補(bǔ)全。考生在做題的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該樹(shù)立全局觀、整體觀,不能顧此失彼,只注意語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的正確性而忽略了語(yǔ)境使用中的合理性。其基本的解題步驟是:理解語(yǔ)境——畫(huà)關(guān)鍵詞——對(duì)比選項(xiàng)(從語(yǔ)法、句法、固定搭配出發(fā))——解出答案。英語(yǔ)的選擇題注重在“選”上,因此要加強(qiáng)選項(xiàng)對(duì)比。碰到個(gè)別難題,別花太多時(shí)間。考生備考要從語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ):1.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí);2.對(duì)近義詞或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的辨析;3.日常交際用語(yǔ)。這三個(gè)方面了解其內(nèi)在規(guī)律。掌握這些規(guī)律,就能逐漸養(yǎng)成答好單項(xiàng)填空題的解題習(xí)慣。另外,要想又快又準(zhǔn)地做好單選題,必須具備下列技巧:1.題眼法?！邦}眼”是指題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵符號(hào),它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它,就能掌握選擇的依據(jù)。如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞等。2.還原法。把倒裝式、強(qiáng)調(diào)式或疑問(wèn)式的題干變換為陳述句,再選就容易多了。3.歸類(lèi)法。根據(jù)句意,把選項(xiàng)分組歸類(lèi),縮小范圍,提高做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。4.推理法。根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可填入的情況下,要認(rèn)真閱讀全句,仔細(xì)體會(huì)其語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行判斷。5.排除法。對(duì)于難度較大的題,一時(shí)不知道選哪一個(gè)。這時(shí)要逐個(gè)試填,最后,選取組成最好語(yǔ)境的選項(xiàng)。解題思路上特別要知道還原法。部分題目,題干以省略句疑問(wèn)句、被動(dòng)句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句或使用從句等形式,避開(kāi)考生所熟悉的陳述句結(jié)構(gòu),從而達(dá)到加大難度的目的。【例題詳析】(

)例1.Toallofyou

thehonorforthesuccess.

A.belongsto B.belongto C.belongs D.belong【答案】C【解析】這是一個(gè)倒裝句,還原后為“Thehonorforthesuccessbelongstoallofyou.”。(

)例2.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof

ourlessonswell.

A.learning B.learned C.tolearn D.learns【答案】C【解析】將題干改寫(xiě)為主動(dòng)句,則為“Weshouldmakegooduseoftime

ourlessonswell.”。

(

)例3.—Whatmadehermothersoangry? —

theexam.

A.Becauseshedidnotpass B.Hernotpassing C.Shedidnotpass D.Becausehernotpassing【答案】B【解析】將題干改寫(xiě)為“

theexammadehermothersoangry.”。

解題訣竅:將不熟悉的疑問(wèn)句、倒裝句、被動(dòng)句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等還原為熟悉的陳述句;也可將殘缺的部分補(bǔ)出或?qū)⒍嘤嗟牟糠謩h除。【例題詳析】(

)例4.Itis

Tomoftenbreakstheschoolrules

makeshisteacherunsatisfiedwithhim.

A.what;that B.that;what C.that;that D.which;that【答案】C【解析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特點(diǎn)是把Itis...that去掉之后句子是完整的,該句可以還原為“

Tomoftenbreakstheschoolrulesmakeshisteacherunsatisfiedwithhim.”。在這里makes是謂語(yǔ),前面是主語(yǔ)從句,缺少引導(dǎo)詞that。

(

)例5.

itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocancelthefootballmatch.

A.Were B.Would C.Will D.Should【答案】D【解析】這是虛擬條件句,與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,還原為“Ifitshouldraintomorrow...”。(

)例6.—Wheredoyouthink

he

thecomputer?

—Sorry.Ihavenoidea. A.has;bought B.不填;bought C.did;buy D.不填;buys【答案】B【借此】該句還原為陳述句語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤癥outhinkwherehe

thecomputer.”。think后接的是賓語(yǔ)從句,因此應(yīng)該是陳述語(yǔ)序。

(

)例7.Thoughhestartedlate,Mr.Guoplayedthepianoaswellas,if

Mr.Liu.

A.notbetterthan B.notbetter C.nobetterthan D.nobetter【答案】A【解析】if條件句是省略的,應(yīng)該還原為“ifhedidnotplaybetterthanMr.Liu.”。解題思路上還要注意排除思維定勢(shì)。利用思維定勢(shì)的影響來(lái)設(shè)題,這是最容易讓我們上當(dāng)?shù)念}。因?yàn)槲覀儽秤浟嗽S多語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、詞匯、詞的固定搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等,做題時(shí)只注意這些熟悉的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、結(jié)構(gòu)和局部固定搭配,往往在沒(méi)有完全弄清整個(gè)題干的意思時(shí)就作出了選擇,結(jié)果當(dāng)然出錯(cuò)。【隨堂精練】(

)1.I’msorryIcan’thelp

theflooroftheclassroom.

A.sweeping B.swept C.tosweep D.tosweeping(

)2.MadameCurie,for

lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wassuccessfullater.

A.whom B.which C.whose D.that(

)3.Doyouhaveanyideaofthereason

hereferredto?

A.that B.where C.why D.when(

)4.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheplan? —Ifeel

thatweoughttogiveitupatonce.

A.strongly B.strong C.stronger D.itstrongCAAA正確理解句意,避免定勢(shì)思維。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,尤其是復(fù)習(xí)階段,我們應(yīng)就一些常見(jiàn)的、重要的詞、詞組及句型加以反復(fù)訓(xùn)練,以加深印象,以避免思維定勢(shì)的干擾。三、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Unit1(

)1.You

readthatarticleifyoudon’twantto.

A.haven’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果你不想,你不必去讀那篇文章。needn’t“不必”。(

)2.Idon’tthinkyou’veheardofhimbefore,

?

A.don’tI B.doI C.haveyou D.haven’tyou【答案】C

【解析】前句表否定的完成時(shí),故選C。(

)3.—How

willyoufinishyourhomework?

—Inhalfanhour. A.soon B.long C.often D.fast【答案】A

【解析】howsoon“還要多久”,howlong表示持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,故選A。(

)4.We’relate.Iexpectthefilm

bythetimewegettothecinema.

A.hadalreadystarted B.havealreadystarted C.willalreadyhavestarted D.havealreadybeenstarted【答案】C

【解析】expect“預(yù)計(jì)”,我預(yù)計(jì)當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了,表將來(lái)的完成時(shí)。(

)5.Themansaidhewouldhitme

Itoldhimwherethemoneywas.

A.until B.unless C.soonafter D.as【答案】B【解析】unless“除非”符合句意。(

)6.Whenshedoessomething,Mrs.Brownfeelsthatherlittlechildisalways

.

A.underway B.intheway C.ontheway D.bytheway【答案】B

【解析】intheway“礙事”,ontheway“正在”,underway“正在進(jìn)行”,bytheway“順便”。(

)7.

theumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.

A.Bring B.Get C.Carry D.Take【答案】D

【解析】take...with是固定搭配“帶著”。(

)8.Inneedofmoney,Bobhadtotake

jobthatwasofferedtohim.

A.whatever B.nomatterwhat C.whichever D.nomatterwhich【答案】A【解析】nomatterwhat只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從,whatever無(wú)此限制。(

)9.

manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.

A.Havingtold B.Thoughtobetold C.Havingbeentold D.Tohavebeentold【答案】C

【解析】havingbeendone表示過(guò)去的效果或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,邏輯主語(yǔ)he與tell的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(

)10.Iftheseshoesaretoobig,buyasmaller

.

A.pair B.one C.copy D.set【答案】A

【解析】鞋子是一雙的,用apair,one指代一個(gè)。Unit2(

)1.Nosooner

gottothestationthanitbegantorainheavily.

A.hadI B.haveI C.Ihad D.Ihave【答案】A

【解析】nosooner后應(yīng)跟倒裝句,且應(yīng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(

)2.—Hi,Lucy,youlooktired. —Iamtired.I

thelivingroomallday.

A.painted B.hadpainted C.havebeenpainting D.havepainted【答案】C

【解析】havebeendoing為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表動(dòng)作過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直在持續(xù)進(jìn)行。(

)3.Iremember

heratthepartylastweek.

A.tomeet B.meeting C.havingmet D.tohavemet【答案】B

【解析】rememberdoingsth.“記得做過(guò)某事”,是固定搭配。(

)4.English

inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.

A.hasbeenteaching B.wasbeingtaught C.hasbeentaught D.hadbeentaught【答案】C

【解析】因句尾有“inthepastfewyears”所以選C,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(

)5.What

nextwillbediscussedattoday’smeeting.

A.willdo B.todo C.shallwedo D.tobedone【答案】B

【解析】whattodo“接下來(lái)做什么”,動(dòng)詞不定式的疑問(wèn)式,符合句意。(

)6.Ifsomeonecomestoseeme,pleaseaskthemtoleavea

.

A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice【答案】A

【解析】leaveamessage“留口信”是固定搭配。(

)7.It’sno

tothinkmoreaboutthematter.Takeiteasy.

A.point B.doubt C.worry D.need【答案】D

【解析】need“需要”,名詞。(

)8.Whydon’tyouget

toreadduringthewintervacation?

A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing【答案】C

【解析】Whydon’tyou...是表建議的句型,something表示希望對(duì)方肯定回答時(shí),可用于疑問(wèn)句。(

)9.Therewere

peopleandcarsinthestreet,asitwaslateatnight.

A.some B.afew C.few D.many【答案】C

【解析】few幾乎沒(méi)有,否定詞。afew一些,肯定詞。根據(jù)句意:夜深了,街上幾乎沒(méi)有人和車(chē)。故選C。(

)10.Eachofyou

responsiblefortheaccident.

A.am B.be C.is D.are【答案】C

【解析】eachof...是單數(shù)作主語(yǔ),故選C。Unit3(

)1.Ifoundmyblackcatin

room.

A.JimandMike B.JimandMike’s C.Jim’sandMike’s D.Jim’sandMike【答案】B

【解析】JimandMike’s表示共有,Jim’sandMike’s表示分別擁有。room是單數(shù),故選B。(

)2.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It’sabout

.

A.fortyminutes’swalk B.fortyminute’swalk C.fortyminuteswalk D.fortyminutes’walk【答案】D

【解析】fortyminutes“四十分鐘”,表示“步行四十分鐘的路程”,其所有格形式是fortyminutes’walk。(

)3.It’ssuch

hotday.What

terribleweatherwearehavingthesedays!

A.a;a B./;a C.a;/ D./;/【答案】C

【解析】ahotday“炎熱的一天”,weather是不可數(shù)名詞,不能與冠詞a連用。(

)4.—Whichofthetwobooksdoyouwant? —Iwant

.Pleaseshowme

.

A.none;another B.all;theother C.neither;another D.neither;theother【答案】C

【解析】表示否定,neither是兩者的范圍,none是三者以上。another表示“又一,另一”,theother表示“另外那個(gè)”。(

)5.Fifty

peoplewerepresentatthemeeting.

A.thousandof B.thousandsof C.thousand D.thousands【答案】C

【解析】表示具體的數(shù)字,單位不加-s。如:300是“threehundred”。

(

)6.It’sverykind

youtorepairthebike

me.

A.for;for B.of;of C.of;for D.for;of【答案】C

【解析】It’s+adj.+

+sb.+todosth.在這個(gè)句型中如果形容的是人就用of,如果形容的是事物就用for。句中kind說(shuō)的是you,故用of。第二個(gè)空格選for是表示“為了……”。(

)7.Ithinkyouwillbecomeanexcellentartist

inthefuture.

A.atsometime B.sometimes C.sometime D.sometimes【答案】C

【解析】sometimes“有時(shí)”,sometime“某時(shí)”。

(

)8.NeitherTomnorhisparents

athome.

A.is B.are C.has D.was【答案】B【解析】neitherAnorB結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)形式取決于B。句中hisparents是復(fù)數(shù),故選B。(

)9.It

us2hourstofinishtheworkyesterday.

A.spent B.took C.made D.cost【答案】B

【解析】Ittakessb.timetodosth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。句中yesterday是過(guò)去的時(shí)間,take用過(guò)去式。

(

)10.Welockthedoortokeepthebooks

.

A.tobestolen B.beingstolen C.fromstealing D.frombeingstolen【答案】D

【解析】keep...from是固定搭配,意為“防止,阻止”。beingstolen是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式,表示書(shū)被偷。Unit4(

)1.Howmucharethe

?

A.bread B.meats C.potatos D.tomatoes【答案】D

【解析】句中are說(shuō)明問(wèn)題中的食物是復(fù)數(shù)。bread是不可數(shù)名詞,不能和are搭配,meats和potatos是錯(cuò)誤形式,故只有tomatoes是復(fù)數(shù)且形式正確。

(

)2.Heis

boy.

A.aseven-years-old B.aneight-year-old C.theseven-year-old D.aneight-year-older【答案】B

【解析】當(dāng)用連詞符連接幾個(gè)單詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),直接連接就可以,沒(méi)有詞形變化。冠詞a用于輔音前,an用于元音前。故選B。(

)3.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan

ofJapan.

A.that B.this C.it D.one

【答案】A

【解析】that指代前文中的thepopulation。

(

)4.—Whenwereyouborn? —Iwasborn

.

A.onJuly3rd,1973 B.inJuly3,1973 C.onJuly3,1973 D.inJuly3rd,1973【答案】A

【解析】當(dāng)表示的時(shí)間有年月日時(shí),用介詞on,日期使用序數(shù)詞。(

)5.HecanspeakEnglish

anativespeaker.

A.asgoodas B.better C.wellthan D.aswellas【答案】D

【解析】speak與well副詞連用,而不是good,排除A。如果要表示更好,那就是betterthan,排除B和C。故選D,aswellas“和……一樣好”。

(

)6.

ofthelandinthatdistrict

coveredwithtreesandgrass.

A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;are C.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are【答案】C

【解析】分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;當(dāng)分子大于一時(shí),分母要加-s。分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。故選C。(

)7.Don’tleavethewater

whileyoubrushyourteeth.

A.run B.running C.torun D.beingrun【答案】B 【解析】leavethewaterrunning中running是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示水一直流。并且水的流動(dòng)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式,不選D。(

)8.—Iwishthatyoursisterwouldcometovisitme. —Well,I’lltellherwhenI

her.

A.see B.saw C.wellsee D.wouldsee【答案】A

【解析】表示時(shí)間或條件的狀語(yǔ)從句,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái),即“主將從現(xiàn)”。故選A。(

)9.Anewcinema

here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.

A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt【答案】D

【解析】cinema作主語(yǔ),與謂語(yǔ)build之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)“finish...nextmonth”句意,說(shuō)明cinema現(xiàn)在正在建。故選D。

(

)10.Englishisnoteasy,

Ilikeitverymuch.

A.so B.if C.but D.or【答案】C

【解析】so“因此”;but“但是”;or“或者;否則”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選C。Unit5(

)1.Theradiocosts280

,i.e.(即)about40

.

A.yuan;dollar B.yuan;dollars C.yuans;dollar D.yuans;dollars【答案】B

【解析】貨幣單位的復(fù)數(shù)形式各有自己的格式,yuan是單復(fù)數(shù)同形,dollar的復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)為dollars。(

)2.Chinaisoneof

oldestcountriesin

world.

A.the;the B.the;/ C.a;a D.an;the【答案】A

【解析】形容詞最高級(jí)前用the,獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前用the。(

)3.Bambooprobablyhasmoreuses

than

intheworld.

A.anyotherplants B.anyother C.anyplant D.anyotherplant【答案】D

【解析】anyother“任何別的一個(gè)”與單數(shù)名詞連用。故選D。(

)4.Hebegantoworkthere

.

A.onhisfifty B.at