cemarketingisamarketingstrategytopromotethemostuniquefeaturesofaceinordertoattracttouriststothisce.Theprofessorfurtherillustrateshowcemarketingworks.Hegivestheexampleofaseasidetown,whichhasabeautifulbeachandmanybicyclepathsaroundit.Sothetownusestheseasitsuniquefeaturesformarketingns,advertisingthattouristscannotonlyenjoybeautifulbeach,butalsoyvolleyball,docyclingandothersportsactivities.Thisappealsparticularlytotheinterestsofactiveyoungpeople,sothetownreceivesalargenumberofyoungtourists,andasaresultthetown’shoandrestaurantindustriesbegintothrive,leadingtoaprosperoustowneconomy.Thelecturetalksabouttwoadaptationsdevelopedbytreestoprotectthemselvesfromafire.Thefirstadaptationistheabilitytocooldownitsinnerpart.Forexample,thebirchtreehasathickbark,whichactslikeashieldagainstthefireandaninsulationtotheinsideofthetree.Sowhenafirecausesthesurroundingtemperaturetorise,thewaterandnutritionalcontentsinsidethetreeisnotlost.Thesecondadaptationisremovingpartsthatmighteasilycatchafire.Forexample,thepinetreefrequentlyshakesoffitssmallbranchestokeepoffthefirefromclimbingontothemainTheuniversityhasdecidedthatallstudentsshouldtakethreefineartscourses.Itishopedthatbytakingthesecoursesstudentswillbemorecompetitivewhentheyentertheworkce,andthatitisagoodwaytohelpstudentsrelax.However,intheconversation,theboycominsthatthisisnotagood.Hesaysthattakingmandatoryfineartscoursesmeansthatstudentswillhavelesstimetakingtheirmajor-relatedcourseswhichareofcoursemoreimportant.Furthermore,hesaysthemajorityofthestudentsdonothaveatalentoraninterestinart.Soforthem,thismeansawasteoftimeandanevenmorestressfulcollegelife.Self-servingbiasreferstothetendencyforpeopletoattributetheirsuccesstointernalfactorswhileblamingexternalfactorsfortheirfailures.Theprofessorthengivesanexampletoillustratethisterm.Agroupofpeopleweregivenaninligencetest.Whenthetestresultwasreleased,halfthetestsubjectsweretoldthattheydidwell,whiletheotherhalfweretoldthattheydidpoorly.Then,allsubjectswereaskedwhatfactorshadcontributedtotheirsuccessorfailureonthetest.Notsurprisingly,thosewhodidwellsaidthatitwasduetotheirinligence,whilethosewhodidpoorlysaidthattheywereunfavorablyinfluencedbyotherfactors.Thegirlisverybusywithherstudiesandshealsohasapart-timejobintheevening,soshedoesnothavetimeforexerciseinthegym.Shecouldeitherrideherbiketotheschoolasaformofexercise,orshecouldgotothegymearlyinthemorningandthengotoherclass.Iwouldmendthegirltorideherbike.Ithinkcyclingisthemosthealthyyettheleastcostlyformofexercise,whichhelpsweightloss,burnscaloriesandimprovesfitness.Goingtothegymisofcourseagoodoption,buttodosoveryearlyinthemorningmaynotbesorealistic,asstudentsoftenstayuplateintothenightanditwouldkillthemtohavetogetupatveryearlyinthemorning.Thelecturetalksabouthowanimalscommunicatealarmsignalstoothermembersofthesamespecies.Therearetwotypesofsignals.Thefirsttypeisanalarmcall.Forexample,whenabirdencountersanapproachingdanger,itwouldcryoutloudlytowarntheotherbirdsnearbyaboutthisdanger.Receiversofthiscallwouldimmediayseekshelteragainstthepredator.Thesecondtypeofsignalischemicalsignal.Forexample,whenthesalmondetectsahazardunderthewater,itsskinwouldreleaseachemicalsubstancewithauniquesmell,whichservesasamessagetoothersalmonsthatthereisdangeraroundsotheyshouldescape.Theschoolhasmadeanewlimitingprintinginthecomputerlab.Inthefuturestudentscanonlyprint10pagesforandhavetopay5centsforeachadditionalpage.Theisintendedtosavepaper,andthemoneychargedcanbeusedtopurchasemoreprinters.Intheconversation,thegirlsupportsthis.Shesaysthatthiswillmakestudentsmoreconsciousabouthowmanypagestheyneedtoprint,sotheywillavoidprintingthoseunnecessarypageslikethetitle.Also,sheagreesthatthemoneywhichstudentspayforadditionalprintingcanbeusedtopurchasemoreandbetterprinters,whichinturnwillbenefitstudents.Informationoverloadoccurswhentheamountofinformationexceedspeople’scapacitytoprocessit.Whenfacedwithinformationoverload,peoplemayprocesspartoftheinformationorchoosetoignoreallofit.Theprofessorgivestheexampleofa whichisrecruitingnewemployees.Onthefirstday,the receivedtoomanyapplications,soitdecidedtoonlylookatthemostimportantpartoftheapplication –theapplicant’sresumewhichshowedworkexperience.Anotherexampleisachemistwhousedtoreadthenewslettershereceivedonceeveryweek.Butlaterthenewslettersweresentdaily.Thechemistdidnothavetimetoreadthemeveryday,sohestillreadthemonceeveryweek,ignoringtheotherdays’newsletters.Thegirlistotakeasummerjobandhasfoundanewcetolivenearthejobintown.Nowsheisnotsurewhattodowiththedormshecurrentlystaysin.Shecouldeitherrentthisdormtoanotherandcollectsomerent,orshecouldleavethedormemptybutshe’llhavetopayforboththedormandhernewapartment.Iwouldsuggestthatthegirlrentherdorm.First,byrentingouthercurrentdorm,thegirlcanmakesomeextramoneytohelpcoverthecostofhernewapartmentandalsothecomputershewantstobuy.Second,shecancarefullyselectanewtenantwhoisneatandorganized,soshedoesnothavetoworryaboutherdormbeingmessedup.Perhapsshecandosobypostinganadvertisementwithallthespecificrequirements.Thestudentletterasksformorefundingfortheschool’snatureclub,sotheclubcanorganizemoreactivitiestogetstudentsclosetothenatureandlearnfromit.However,thegirlintheconversationdisagreeswiththisproposal.Shesaysthatmanystudentsdon’thavethetimeforsuchactivities.Forthosewhodohavetimeandwanttoseethenature,theydon’treallyhavetojoinaclub;theycansimplytakeabustogettothecetheylike.Withastudentpassyouevendon’tneedtopayfortheride.Secondly,joininganatureclubdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatyoucanlearnfromnature.Youneedsomekindofguidance,likewhenyouarelearninganysubject,soanatureclubdoesnotreallyhelpmuchifitonlygetsyouclosetonature.Thereadingpassageintroducesaterminpsychologycalledconfirmationbias,whichmeansthatpeoplehavethetendencytoacceptinformationthatconfirmstheirbeliefwhileignoringinformationthatdoesnot.Tofurtherillustratethisterm,theprofessorusestheexampleofafemalefriendwhowantstobuyacarthatiseco-friendlyandfuelefficient,thetypeofcarthatmanywomendriveontheroad.However,thereareobviousdrawbackswiththistypeofcars.Theyareunstable,andthemaintenancecostisveryhigh,sotheprofessorshowedsomereportsaboutthesedrawbackstoher.However,hisfriendintentionallyignoressuchinformationandonlyacceptsthepositiveinformationaboutthecarbecauseshehasalreadybelievedthatthisistherightcarforher.Theboyissupposedtoperforminanactingclasswithhispartner,buttheproblemisthathispartnerhasdroppedthatclass.Sothegirlgiveshimtwosolutions.Thefirstsolutionisfortheboytoactbyhimself,andthesecondsolutionistoinviteanother torecehispartner.Iwouldmendtheboytofindanewpartnerbecausefirstly,hemusthavebeenpracticingforawhilewithhisoldpartner,soifhedecidedtoactonhisown,hewouldhavetomakealotofchangestotheperformance,whichwouldnotbeeasy.Secondly,thegirlsaysthatshecouldactashispartner,sotheboydoesnothavetoworryaboutnotbeingabletofindanewpartner.Thelecturetalksaboutselectivebreedingofnts,whichreferstothepracticeofselectingntswithdesirablecharacteristicsforfuturebreeding.Thelecturegivestwoexamplesofselectivebreeding.Thefirstexampleisthewheat.Whenafieldofwheatisfullyripe,someofthewheatstemsbenddown,sofarmerswouldselectwheatstemsthatdonotbendforfuturepropagation.Thesecondexampleisthepeach.Thepeachfruitusedtobeverysmall,sofarmerwouldpickthosebiggerfruitstogrowforthenextseason,sograduallythepeachfruit esbigger.Theschoolhasdecidedtoraisethelimitofstudentnumberfrom8studentsto15studentsforeachclass,duetoincreasingnumbersofstudentregistrationandlimitednumbersofschoolfaculties.Theboyopposesthisdecisionfortworeasons.First,hesaysthatabiggerclasswouldleadtolesscommunicationbetweeneachstudentandtheteacher,andalsolesschanceforstudentstoparticipateinclassroomactivities.Furthermore,hearguesthatmorestudentsmeanmoretuitionfees,whichcouldbeusedtoexpandthefaculty,sotheschoolshouldhiremoreteachersratherthanincreasingclasssize.ThereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledFixedActionPattern,orFAP,whichreferstoasequenceofinnatebehaviorsdisyedbyanimalsinresponsetoanexternalstimulus.Forexample,amalesticklebackwouldseeanothermaleenteringitsownterritoryasapotentialcompetitor,butonlywhenthismalefishasaredstripeontheirunderside.Thesticklebackwoulddoanattackdancetotrytoscareawaytheinvadingmale.Weixin:laoxikou.Infact,itshowsthesamebehaviortoalmostanythingred.Anotherexampleisthefemalegoose.Afterlayingeggs,thefemalegooseoftenmovesitsheadbackandforthtorolladiscedeggbacktoitsce.However,thegoosewouldcontinuewiththisbehavioreveniftheeggshavebeenmovedoutofsight.Thewomanhasreceivedanofferfromamarineresearchinstitute,butthescholarshipshe’sbeenofferedisnotsufficienttocoverthetuitionforthecomingsemester.Themangiveshertwosuggestions–toasktheschoolformorescholarship,ortoearnsomemoneybytakingapart-timejob.Ithinkthesecondsuggestionisbetter.Ithinkwhateveramountofscholarshipaschoolhasdecidedtogivetoanapplicant,itmusthavedonesobasedoncarefulassessmentoftheapplicant’sacademicachievement,sothereislittlechancethattheschoolwillchangeitsmindsimplybecauseastudentwantsmore.Weixin:laoxikou.Secondly,takingapart-timejobwillbebeneficialforthegirl,notonlybecauseofthemoney,butalsobecausesuchexperiencecanteachhersomeimportantskillsthatarevaluablewhenshegraduatesandstartslookingforafull-timejob.Thelectureexinshowapieceofadvertisementcanbedesignedtomaketheviewerrememberthenameoftheproduct,andwhyisitimportanttodoso.Itusestheexampleofanadvertisementforawashingmachinecalled“quickwashing”.Tomakeviewersrememberthisname,theadvertisementnotonlyrepeatsthenameoverandoveragainbutalsoillustratesvisualimageofthenameontheTVscreen.Thelecturethenexinsthatitisimportantforviewerstorememberthenameofaproductinanadvertisement,andtoassociatealltheadvertisedbenefitsofthisproductwiththisname,becauseotherwisetheadvertisementwouldbepointless.Learningtransfermeansthatpastexperiencesaffectlearningandperformanceinanewsituation.Learningtransfercanoccurinpositiveornegativeways.Theprofessorexinshow.Whenhewasyoung,heusedtoythepiano,andhadlearnedtoreadthemusicscorewhileyingwithoutlookingdownatthekeyboard.Thisskillhadpositivelytransferredtohistypewritingclassinhighschool.Hewasquicklyabletotypeintothecomputerwithoutlookingdownatthekeyboard.Anotherexampleistheprofessor’sfriend,whousedtobeastageactor,alwaysspeakingloudlyonstage.Thishabithasnegativelytransferredtohislatercareerasamovieactor.Althoughhedoesn’tneedtospeakloudlywhenactingforamovie,hestillcannotgetridofthishabit.Thewoman’sproblemisthatshehastorearrangeafieldtripshehasorganizedbecausethenneddestinationisclosed.Therearetwoalternativedestinations:thewaterfallandthenaturalmuseum.Althoughbothsoundexciting,Iwouldpreferthenaturalmuseumasthenewdestination.Thisisbecauseanaturalmuseumisanidealceforlearning.Youcanseeamassivecollectionofexhibitsorspecimensrelatedwithdifferentstagesoftheworld’snaturalhistory.Thisislikeseeingallthewondersoftheworldwithinonetrip!Visitingthewaterfallwouldofcoursebeexcitingtoo,butwhenyoufinishthetrip,youarelikelytoremembernothingbutalargeandbeautifulwaterfall.Theannouncementinformsstudentsofachangeinthescheduleoftheirphysicscourse,whichwillbeshiftedfrommorningtotheevening.Itisbelievedthatthiswillsolvethetime thatmanystudentscurrentlyfacebecausetheyhaveapart-timejobinthemorning.Intheconversation,however,theboydisagreeswiththisadjustment.Hearguesthatmorestudentsactuallyworkintheeveningsotheyonlyhavetimeforclassesduringtheday.Hefurtherexinsthatstudentsprefertohavetheirlessonsduringthedayratherthanintheeveningbecauseafteraday’swork,alltheyreallyneedistimeforrelaxation,havingfunwiththeirfriends,orsimplyhavingagoodnight’sThereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledmisleadingmarketsurvey,whichmeansthatsomemarketsurveysmayproducemisleadingresultsbecauserespondentsmayanswerquestionsbasedonwhatissociallydesirableratherthanontheirtruethoughts.Thelecturethengivestheexampleofacar nningtomanufactureanenvironmentallyfriendlycar.Totestthemarket,theconductedasurveyaskingpeoplewhethertheyhaveinterestinpurchasingthistypeofcar.Theresultswerequiteencouragingsothe launchedtheproduction,buttheactualsalesturnedverydisappointing.Thisisbecauserespondentsthoughtthatmanufacturingthecaristherightthingtodo,buttheywouldnotbuyitinrealaction.Thegirlisoftenlateforherclassbecausethisclassstartsonly15minutesbeforeshefinishesherworkattherestaurant.Theboygiveshertwosolutions.Thefirstsolutionistorescheduleherworkingtimesoshecancometotheclassearlier,andthesecondsolutionistodropthisclassandtakeanotheroneatnight.Iwould mendthegirltotalktoherbossandtrytorearrangeherworkingshift.Asthegirlmentioned,herbossisreallyanice ,sohewouldcertainlyunderstandthegirl’ssituationandagreeonadifferentshiftforthegirlormaybeallowthegirltoleaveafewminutesearlier.Weixin:laoxikou.Ithinkitwouldbeunwiseforthegirltodropaclasssimplybecausesheneedstoworkpart-timeforarestaurant.Afterall,thefirstpriorityforstudentsshouldbestudying,notworking.Anti-forms,unliketraditional s,aimtomakeartaccessibletothegeneralpublic,sotheytrytomakeartinexpensiveandaffordabletomostpeople.Therearetwomethodsanti-form oftenusetoachievethisaim.Thefirstmethodistousesimplematerials.Forexample,anarrangedirregularstonesandmirrors,bothinexpensivematerials,tocreateaparticular scene.Anothermethodisfor tostageoutdoorexhibitions.Forexample,an putapieceoflargewhiteclothnearthefountainatthecenterofthetown.Anypassers-bycouldcomenearandtakealook.Thewindblewthecloth,creatingamovingpieceofartwork.Thewomanistryingtoapplyforasummerjobatamagazine,buttheapplicationdeadlineisonlyonedayaway.Shecouldeitherhandinherapplicationtothemagazine tomorrowmorning,orshecouldusethecourierservicetosendherapplication.Iwould thegirltogotothemagazine herselfbecausethisshowsthatsherespectsandvaluesthisworkopportunity.Thiswillhelpherleaveagoodimpressiontothepeopleatthemagazine.Thecourierservice,ontheotherhand,maynotreachthemagazine intimebecausesometimesthingsgetdeliveredtothewrongaddressorjustgetlost.Sotobeonthesafeside,sheshouldgotothemagazine andhandinherapplicationbyherself.Theuniversityannouncementsaysthatallfreshmenarerequiredtoliveoncampus.Itisbelievedthatthiswillgivefreshmenbetteropportunitiestoformstudygroups,andalsohelptoalleviatetheparkingstrainoncampus.However,thegirldisagreeswiththis.Shesaysthatwhensomanystudentsliveoncampus,dormitories enoisyanddistracting,whichmakesithardforstudentstoformeffectivestudygroups.Also,shearguesthatwhenallfreshmenliveoncampus,theywilloccupymoreparkingspaceoncampus,andformuchlongertime.Thiswillmaketheparkingproblemevenworse.Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalleddormancy.Itreferstoaperiodofinactivityinananimal’slifecycle,whichhelpstheanimaltopassthroughcriticalenvironmentalconditions.Inthelecturethatfollows,theprofessorusestheexampleoflungfishtofurtherexinthisterm.Whentheirnativestreamorlakeisabouttodryup,lungfishwouldburrowdeeplyintothemud,formingahollowspace,wheretheywouldremaininaperiodofdormancyforthedurationofthedryseason.Duringdormancy,lungfishexperienceadropintheirmetabolism,allowingthemtosurvivemonthsundergroundwithoutwater.Whentherainscomeagain,lungfishwillcomeoutofthemudtoresumeitslifeasafish.Thegirl’sroommatehangstoomanypaintingsonthewall.Thegirldoesnotlikethesepaintingsbutshe’snotsurewhattodo.Intheconversation,theboygivesthegirltwosolutions.Shecouldeitherremainsilentandgraduallygetusedtothesepaintings,orshecouldcomeuptoherroommateandstateherhonestopinions.Iwould mendthegirltotalktoherroommateandtrytoworkoutasolutionwithher.Thegirllivesinthedorm,soitmustbepainfultoseeallthesepaintingsthatshedoesnotlikeeveryday.Ithinkit’sbetterforthegirltobehonestwithherroommate.Justlherthatshedoesnotlikethepaintings,andtrytopersuadeherroommatetodrawsomethingelse,somethingbothofthemlike.Weixin:laoxikou.Thelecturetalksabouthowactorscangetemotionallyinvolvedinay,whichisextremelyimportantevenbeforetheybegins.Anactorwhoisemotionallyinvolvedisnotsimplyactingarole;heisthinkingofhimselfastherole.Theykeytothislevelofinvolvementistothinkfromtheofthecharacter.Forexample,anactorisyingakingwhoisabouttoseeayoungman.Theyoungmanwantstomarryhisdaughter.Inordertogethimselfemotionallyinvolvedwiththisrole,theactorshouldthinkaboutafewquestions,like“Doesthemanreallylovemydaughter,orishetryingtostealmypower?”Bythinkingaboutthesequestionstheactorprepareshismindfortherole,thushisactingwouldseemrealtotheaudience.TheuniversityisputtinglimitontheamountofprintingpapersusedinthecomputerBecausestudentscominaboutthewasteofpapersandtheprintersoftengetstuckwithpapers.However,thewomandoesn'tstandupforthemadebytheuniversity.First,shearguesthatstudentsneverintentionallywastepapers.Theyactuallycan'tlwhat'sthemostusefulorimportantresourcebeforeprinting.Sotheyjustprintouteverythingincasetheydon'tmissanythingimportant.Also,shepointsoutthatthecurrentprintingmachinesareoutdatedandcannotworkproperly,andthatiswhypapersoftengetstuckinthemachine.Iftheoldequipmentareupgradedtoamoreefficientone,therewouldbenomorebreakdownsduetofrequentusage.Thelecturetalksaboutonechildeducationstrategy:advancingcrediting,whichsuggestsgivingchildrenencouragementaftertheyconductcertainbehavior,inordertohelpthemformpropersocialbehavior.Thespeakercitesoneexperimenttoillustratethistheory:someprimarystudentswerechosenandweredistributedcandiestoeachtogetherinaroom.Withoutanywarningbeforehand,thetesterwantedtoseehowmanystudentscanputcandywrappersinthedustbin,andtheresultwasthatmostkidsjustlitteredthewrappersontheground.Weixin:laoxikou.Then,theteacherpraisedthosechildrenwhothrewthewrappersinthedustbinandregardedthemasgoodkids.Severaldayslater,whenthesameexperimentwasdoneagain,mostchildrenchosetoputwrappersinthedustbin,andthatwashowtheexperimenteffectivelyprovesthetheory"advancingcrediting".Thegirlhasaclasspresentation,buttheclassroomisattheothersideofthecampusandshehasonly10minutesleft.Plus,itisrainingoutsideandshedoesn'thaveanumbrellawithher.Theboygiveshertwosuggestions.First,hewilllendanumbrellatothegirl,butsheneedstowaithimtocollectone.Second,healsosuggestshertorunawaytotheclasswithoutanumbrella.allyspeaking,Ithinkthegirlneedstoruntotheclassroomrightaway,becauseshewillmissherpresentationifshewaitsfortheumbrella.Shemaygetwetwithpoorimageforpresentationbutshecangiveherpresentationontime.Thisismoreimportantthanwhethershegetsdrenchedornol.Anyway,shemightwanttofindsomepiecesofclothorsticbagtowrapupherbagandherselffromgettingwet.Thelectureismainlyabouttwoanimaldefensebehaviors,foolingpredatorsandmisleading,toavoidbeingeatenbypredators.Twoexamplesofasnakearegiventohelpfurtherexinthesedefensestrategies.First,whenfacingthreats,snakesoftenpretendtolookmoredangerousthantheyactuallyare.They ebiggerinthepartofitsheadandmovefast,tryingtobitepredators.Infact,theydon'treallywanttobitesincetheirmouthisclosedwhentheymove.Butsnakestrytofoolthepredatorsandscarethemaway.[fthefirststrategydoesn'tworkduetothepersistenceofthepredator,thenanotherstrategycalledmisleadingisapplied.Thesnakewillpretendtobedeadandhopetobeignoredbypredator.Thesnakeliesdowntotheground,withbellyupwardsandmouthopen,tomisleadpredatorsintobelievingthesnakeisdead.Sincemostpredatorsarenotinterestedindeadmeat,theywouldrunawayforanothermeal.Afterfewminutes,thesnakewakesupandsurvivesforanotherday.Theschoolartdepartmentdecidedtoreducethestudentnumberofthesculptureclassbecauseinthisway,studentscanpaymoreattentiontotheteacherandtheclassfundscanbesavedatthesametime.Thewomantotallydisagreedwiththeschooldecisionforthefollowingtworeasons:firstly,shethoughtthattheschoolshouldn'tdeprivethestudents'righttoattendtheclassandthisismoreunacceptablethannotpayingattentionontheclass.Also,studentsarewillingtopayfortherelevantmaterialbecausetheythinkitcrucialtotheirartperformance.Allinall,reducingthestudentnumberwillbeharmfulforstudents'development.Astudenthaswrittenalettertotheschoolaskingforanextensionontheirend-of-termreviewperiodfromonedaytothreedays,sotheycouldhavemoretimetopreparefortheirtests,andhavemorediscussionswiththeirprofessorsabouttheirquestions.Intheconversationthegirldoesnotlikethisidea.Shesayslearningisalong-termprocess.Weixin:laoxikou.Youcannotmakesuddenprogressjustbyworkinghardonthefinaldaysbeforeatest.Furthermore,shesaysthatmanyprofessorswouldbebusyattheendofthesemester,soitwouldbedifficultforstudentstomakeanappointmentwiththemiftheyhaveaquestiontoask.S4Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledrootcommunication.It’saspecialtypeofcommunicationbetweentherootsofdesertnts.Withrootcommunicationtherootsofdesertntscanmaintainaproperdistancewitheachother,inordernottosufferfromlackofwaterduetocompetition.Thelecturefurtherillustratesthistermusingtheexampleofatypeofdesertntcalled[C].AbovegroundntsCseemquitespreadout,butthey’vegotverycomplicatedrootsystemunderground.Whentherootsofadifferentntnearbygrowlargeenoughandenter[C]’srootsterritory,C’srootsystemwouldreleaseachemicaltowarntheotherntthat“thisismyspaceandmywater”,sotheotherntswouldgrowitsrootsinoppositedirectionstoavoidcompetingwithC.Inthisway,Censuresthatitgetsenoughmoistureandnutritionfromthesoil.Ajournalismstudentnstoattendalecturegivenbyawell-known inthefieldofjournalism.However,atthetimeofthelectureshehasapart-timejobatthelibrarysoshe’sgotatime Shecouldeitherexinthesituationtohisbossatthelibrary,orshecouldborrowandlistentoarecordedtapeofthislecture.Iwould mendthegirltogoandlistentothelecture.Ithinklisteningtoarecordedtapeisboring.Youjustlistenandcannotinctwiththespeaker.Ontheotherhandifyouattendthelecturein ,youcanfindanopportunityandtalkwiththelectureraboutanythingyouarenotclearaboutorinterestedin.Astoherworkinthelibrary,Ithinkherbosswouldunderstandherifthislectureisreallyimportant.Theycanreschedulethegirl’sworkonanotherday.Thelecturetalksaboutastrategyoftenusedinmarketingcalledsecondinterest,whichmeansthat cangivesomeproductsorservicesrelatedtotheirprimaryproductsinordertoboostthesalesofitsprimaryproducts.Twoexamplesaregiven.Thefirstexampleisacomputerstoretryingtoselltheircomputers.Theycangiveout gamestoitspotentialcustomers.Thosewhoareinterestedinthegamesmaylaterdecidetopurchasetheircomputers.Thesecondexampleisforthecomputerstoretooffercoursesoncomputerknowledgeandoperation.Byngsothe maintainsacloserelationshipwithitscustomers,andwhenthesecustomerswanttopurchaseacomputertheymaythinkaboutthis andpurchasecomputersfromit.Whentwopeoplehavea,theyoftenneedathirdpartytohelpresolvethe.Thelecturetalksabouttwowaysofresolvinga,namelymediationandarbitration.Mediationmeansamediatorwillactasaneutralthirdpartyandhelptheingpartiestodiscussandcompromiseinordertoreachanagreement.Forexampleiftworoommateshavea,theirfriendcouldactasamediatorandhelpthemsolvethis.Arbitration,ontheotherhand,meanswhentwopeoplehavea,theyappointathirdpartytoreviewthecaseandmakeafinaldecisioninfavorofoneoftheparties.Forexample,thesameroommateswouldturntoajudgeinacourttoactasanarbitratorandmakeadecisiononhowtoresolvetheir.Theuniversityhasannouncedanewaskingallfirst-yearstudentstoliveinBaxterdormitory,andsecond,third,yearstudentstoliveinthenewdormitory.Thisisintendedtomakefreshmenbetteradapttolifeoncampus.[s-keygen-answer- ]Intheconversation,theboy,whoisaseniorstudent,agreeswiththis.Hesaysthatwhenallfreshmenlivetogether,theywillbeabletotalktoeachothermoreoftenandsolveproblemstogethermoreeasily.Heremembershisfreshmanyearwhenhehadtolivewithseniorstudentsandcommentsthatitwasnotaniceveryniceexperience.Furthermore,hesaysthatforhim,havingtomovetothenewdormitoryisnotabadideaatallbecausehegetstoliveinabiggerdormwithbetterfacilities.[/s-keygen- Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledkinestheticlearning.Thisanunconventionalformoflearninginwhichstudentsengageinphysicalactivitieswhilelearning.Theprofessorthengivesanexampletofurtherexinkinestheticlearning.Heoncetaughtanelementaryclasshowtoltime.Atfirst,heusedthetraditionalmethodofteaching,drawingdiagramstodemonstratetime.Buthefoundthatthestudentswerenotveryinterested.Thenhechanged