（完卷時間：120滿分：140ListeningComprehensionSectionDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.She’stoosicktohaveanyvisitor.B.Hersister’sflightwasC.Hersisterhaschangedherns.D.ShepickeduphersisterlastA.ThelibraryclosesatfiveShe’llgetthethingsthemanMarywantstogototheclassroomThereisn’tenoughtimetogototheA.Takelessmedicineeach B.VisithimasoftenasC.Havemorestretching D.TryanewkindofheadacheA.Thenextbusleavesin15ThemancangototheexhibitionbyThemanmissedthesubwaytraintotheThesubwaywillarriveattheexhibitionbeforeA.ThecellphonecannotbeThewomanmisunderstoodwhatheHedoesn’tknowwhat’swrongwiththecellTheproblemisdifferentfromwhathethoughtitA.ShewishedshehadgonetosleepShemissedthebeginningoftheShefellasleepbeforetheprogramShewasawakenedintimetoseetheA.MorecopiesoftheletterareIt’stoolatetoapplyfortheThemanshouldgetamorerecentreferenceTheprincipalisthe towritetheletterofA.HewantstotalktoSallyandThewomanshouldnotletoutothers’HewillexintothewomanwhatThewomanshouldn’tgetinvolvedintheA.HewantsthewomantopostponetheHehasn’tfinishedpreparingforhisHecan’texinthesimpleconceptsofHeregularlygiveslecturestohighschoolA.Hireatutorbeforethemid-termAvoidmakinganymistakeintheTurningtothesametutorthatsheWorkhardtocatchupwithSectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingA.Most swerenotwideenoughfortheOthermeansoftransportationbecameTheboatswerenolongerconsideredTheylearnedtheboatswerebadfortheA.SomepeoplegetfrustratedwiththeirTheyaremainlyusedforPeoplecanhaveeasyaccesstoAlicenseisneededtooperateA.ThechangingroleofnarrowTheuniquenessofthedesignofnarrowTheimportanceofnarrowboatsinthe18thThereasonwhyBritishpeople otoQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingA.TogetnewdesignTomakefurnitureusedinTotakepartinscientificTocreateanenvironmentsimilartoA.ItisoperatedbyItofferspeopleatasteofisolatedlifeonItisusedtotrainpeopleforaneducationalIthelpspeopletogetusedtolivingwithlimitedA.Howtostore B.HowtothinkC.Howtolivein D.HowtocutdowntheQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingA. B. C.News D.PsychologyA.Bytravelling B.BytestingthedoorC.Bydropapileof D.ByputtingcupsofcoffeeonaA. B. C. D.A.SheimpressedthereporterwithwhatsheheldinherShehelpedthereportereventhoughherhandswereShewaslookingforwhatshecoulddoforShetoldthereporterawarmenough randVocabulary(20’)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RescueintheONABREEZYSaturdayinApril2014,formerofficerKevinO’Connorandhisson,Ryan,werestandinginaparkneartheFoxRiverinGeneva,Illinois.AsKevingazedattheriver,hecaughtsightofseveralpeopleonthebank(21) (motion)towardthewater.Whenhelookedinthatdirection,henoticedabrightredboatturninginaspinningcircleinthestormywateratthebaseoftheGenevaDam,300feetaway.Kevinassumedthe ontheboat(22) (jump)outofit.“ThenIheardawarningsignalwithaloudsound,”saysKevin,now42.“That’s(23) Irealizedsomebodywasintrouble.”Hecouldn’tseeanyoneintheriver,(24) hespedtowardthebankanddashedintothezingwater.About150feetfromshore,hespiedanobjectmovingdownriver.“Ithoughtitwasalifejacket,”hesays.“WhenIcaughtuptoit,Irealizedit(25) (attach)to Nowinwateruptohisneck,Kevingrabbedtheman,(26) wasfloatingonhisbackunconscious,underbotharmpitsandheldhisheadabovethesurface.Kevinstrucktheman’schestagainandagain.Afterfivehits,themancoughedupwaterandbeganspeakingincoherently.Justbacktolife,themanwasstillweak.Battlingthecurrent,Kevinsidesteppedhisway(27) theshoreline,repeatedlydigginghisshoesintotheriver’srockybottom.Whenhereachedthebank,someonejumpedintotheriverandhelpedKevinliftthe200-pounddrowningmanoverasix-footbrickretainingwalltowaitingdoctors,whotookhimawayinanambulance.Themanrecovered,butafriendwhowasboatingwithhimdiedafterbeingtrappedunderwaternearthedam.Kevinpulled(28) uptositontheshorebesideRyan,whohadfollowedhisfather’spathdowntheriver.“WhenIcaughtmybreath,IrealizedIsavedsomeone’slife,whichiswhatI(29) do.”Kevinsays.InDecember2015,KevinreceivedanawardfromtheCarnegieHeroCommission.“Lotsofhonour-receiverslosttheirlivessavingsomeone,”hesays. (put)inthesamecategoryisverySectionDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.A.G.B.H.C.D. E. F.I.J.K.TheideathatblackholesmightexistwassuggestedinCambridgeasfarbackas1784.TheQueen’sCollegeDon,JohnMicewasfascinatedbytheideaofextremegravityandheimaginedthatabigenoughstarmightgenerateagravitationalpullso thatnotevenlightcouldescape.Hecalledtheseobjects“darkstars”.Herealizedthatwecouldn’teverseethemdirectly,butwemightbeableto(32) thembywatchingfortheirgravitationaleffectsonobjectsaroundthem.Sadly,his18th-centurycolleaguesignoredhimandthedarkstarswerelosttotheworldforthebestpartof200years,thatis,untilthe(33) ofHawkingandanewwaveofblackholephysicists.These20th-centuryphysicistswereintentonunderstandingsomeofthe(34) ofEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativity.WhentheybegantoexploreEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativity,theyfoundthatitmadeallsortsofstrangepredictions.Oneoftheweirdestwasthe(35) ofblackholes.TounderstandhowblackholeswerepredictedbygeneralrelativityyouneedtogettogripswiththeconceptattheheartofEinstein’stheory:space-time.Einsteininsistedthattimeandthree-dimensionalspacewerenot(36) atall,butwerewoventogetherintothefourdimensionsofspace-time.Whatismore,space-timewasdistorted(彎曲)bymassinmuchthesamewayaballdistortsapieceofsheet,causinga( dip.Andjustasthedipcausesasecondballtorolltowardsit,distortioninspace-timecausesobjectstofalltogether.Thatiswhatwefeelasthepullofgravity.Thiscurvingofspace-time(38) exinshownetsandspaceshipsorbitaroundalargemass.Italsorevealstheycanonly ethatpullandescapefromorbitiftheycantravelfastenoughtomakeitallthewayupthesideofthehole.Butthingsgetinterestingwhenitcomestoreallydenseobjects,whichcosmologistsconsiderresultfromthedeathofgiantstar.Ifitwas(39) enough,astarlikethiswouldcollapseunderitsowngravityandaccordingtogeneralrelativity,(40) singularity,anextremelytinyspotofinfinitedensityatthecenterofabottomlesspitinspace-time.Inordertoescapeaholelikethis,oneneededtobetravellingfasterthanthespeedoflight.Nownothingcantravelthatfast,sonothing,evenlightcanescapeaholelikethis--ablackhole.ReadingComprehension(15’+22’+8’)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.AStudyofPointofViewandEverydaylifeisaninctionofpointsofview.Sometimestheseinctionspassbyvirtually41,likewhenyoufindyourselfdtobuythenewestcellphonebutsuddenlystopandaskyourself,‘DoIevenneedthisthing?’andthenrealizethatlatestadnhas youofsomethingwithoutyoureallyknowingit.Sometimestheseinctionswithothersareobviousanddeeplyfelt,likewhenanemotionalargument overwhyyourfatherwon’tquitsmokingeventhoughhishealthis —youonlyseeyourdesireforhimtobeOK,heonlyseeshisindependence.Thentherearethosetimeswhenthesesortsof45feeldelighted—likewhenyouvoiceyouropinion,asyoudoeveryyearattheThanksgivingtable,aboutsomepoliticalissue,andfinally—afteryearsoftrying—seethe46of‘hmm,youmayberight’onyouruncle’sface.Advertising,media,novelsandeventhepeopleyouloveoftenaimto47ouropinions.Weseetheusualpracticeofclosereadingnotjustasamethodofngtheacademicworkoflookingcloselyattextevidence,wordandstructure,butasanopportunitytobringthosepracticestogether,to48ourstudentstoseethesubtlemessagesintextsandintheirlives,tohelpthembestrongand49consumersofideasandreflective,caringmembersofsociety.Onelarge,multi-yearstudysuggestedthatmanystudentsgraduatedwithoutbeingabletodistinguish50fromtheinfluenceofcarefullydesignedopinionsandpublicrelationsWebelieveeducatorscanhelp51this.Wewantourstudentstobeabletorecognizethepointsofviewandargumentsintextsandinlife—toseewhentheyarehappeningandto52engagethem.Wewantourstudentstolistentothosepointsofviewandargumentswithanopenmind—totrulylistentowhatotherpeoplebelieveandrespectfully53orquestionwhattheyaresaying.Wealsowantourstudentstolivewiththeconfidenceof54themselvestomakesound55,tomakesenseoftheworld,andtotakerisks.Readingcloselyinthiswaycangiveourstudentsahealthyskepticism(質(zhì)疑態(tài)度)whilealsohelthemtohaveamoreopenmind.41.A.B.C.D.42.A.B.C.D.43.A.takesB.takesC.worksD.breaks44.A.B.C.D.45.A. B.C.D.46.A.B.C.D.47.A.B.C.D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.B.C.D.50.A.B. D.51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.lookB.takeC.carryD.give54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Adiaryisadailyrecord,especiallyof alobservationsandexperiences.JinnieHuglin,aCaliforniankeptadiaryofanunfortunateeventthathappenedoffthecoastofherstatein1969.JanuaryAheadofme,five outinthePacificOcean,istformAwhereanoilwellblewoutjustafewdaysago.Sincethentheoilhasbeenbubblingupintotheocean.Thisevening’snewspaperheadlinesaidthewords:GIANTOILSLICK（浮油SPREADINGINSANTABARBARAJanuaryToday’sheadline–OILSLICKNEARSRINCONBEACH–doesnotreassureThenewspapersaysthatnesaredropachemicalontheoiltotrytobreakuptheslickandthatworkmenontformAaretryingtostoptheleakwithaspecialkindofmud.Therearetwopicturesofoil-coveredbirdsonthefrontpage.Aprofessorofbiologytoldthenewspaper,“Particularlysadisthefateofthebird.Theyswallowtheoil,whichispoisonous.”Theoilslicknowcovers390squareFebruaryTheSecretaryoftheInteriorflewinfromWashingtonD.C.lastnighttolookatthedamage.Todayheannouncedthat“thepollutionismuchmoreseverethanIexpected,”andheaskedtheoilcompaniestostopdrilling.Theydid.Theoilslicknowcovers900squareFebruaryIdrovedowntotheharborandstoodintherain,lookingdownatthewater.Thethickoilwaseverywhere–sixinchesdeep,sshingagainsttheboatsandthedocks.Onthebeach,menwerespreadingyellowstrawontheoil.“Strawsoaksupfortytimesitsownweightinoil,”oneofthemensaid.Theoilslicknowcovers2000squareFebruaryLEAKSTOPPED,SAYOILYesterdayafternoon1500barrelsanhourofmudwerepumpedintotheoilwell.Finally,bymidnight,theflowofoilintotheseahadstopped.Ihadbeenlookingatpicturesofoil-coveredbirdsinthenewspapers.NowIamfindingthesebirdshereonmyFebruaryIdrovedowntothebird-rescuestationthiseveningwithmyfirstloadofbirds.Atallcollegestudenttookoneofthebirdsfrommeandgentlywasheditclean.Thentwogirlsrinseditwithwarmwater.Afterthatsomebutterwaspusheddownitsthroat.“Ithelpsdissolveandcleanouttheoilinsidethem,”Iwastold.February hasenteredthepicture,thankheavens.Hehasappointedagroupofscientistsandengineerstofigureouthowtosolvethisproblemandhowtopreventitfromhappeningagain.MarchPerhapsourluckischanging.Acheerfulnoteintoday’spaper:OILLEAKAGEISCUTBACKSUBSTANTIALLY.Evidentlythemudpumpeddownintothewellisstoptheleak.SpringItallstartedmorethanayearago,andIhavejustbeentoacrowded,emotional,meetingofthedisaster.Therewasonemomentthatwasunforgettable–aneight-year-oldgirltoldusabouttheworldshewantedtolivein.Inherlightyoungvoiceshespokeofdrinking“coldwaterfromcleanstreams…”andofwalking“throughfieldswheretreesandflowersgrowandthrough swherebirdssing.”Iwondered:Canweleaveheraworldlikethat?Orwillthoseswherebirdssingbeonlyadimly-remembereddreamfromherchildhood?WhichofthefollowingdidnotdisturbtheThebirdsdamagedbytheTheactiontakenbytheSecretaryoftheInteriortostoptheoilcompaniesfromTheoil’ssettlingontheNewspaperheadlinesabouttheoilTheseabirdshadtobefedbutterinorderto helpthembreathecleantheoilfromtheirpreventthemfromeatingtheoilthatwasstucktotheirincreasetheirappetitefortheirusualTheoilleakwasfinallystoppedbecause thewellwasthe builtanothertformthatwasmoreefficient tform calleduponateamofexpertstosolvethethemudpumpeddownintothewellbegantoDiorwasborninNormandyin1905,andhisfamily’soriginalhopesforhimincludedacareerinthediplomaticservice.Butbythetimehewastwenty-three,withhisparents’money,heopenedasmallartgalleryinParis.By1931,themoneyhadbeenusedup.Dior’sfriendsintheartgallery,askedhimtodrawandhetookhisfirststepatdesigninganddrawing.InFebruary,1947DiorstartedtheNewLookinhisfirstmajorPariscollection.Diorknewnothingaboutcuttingandsewing,buthewasgoodatfashiondesign.TheNewLookstartedanentirelydifferentlooktocostumewithatinywaist,aroundedshoulderandashapelybust（）,usuallywithalow-cutnecklineandalong,skirt.Towomenwhohadlivedthroughthewaryears,thestyleoftheNewlookwasagreatsuccessforpeoplewhoweretiredofextremelyin,wartimefashions.Itissaidthatyoungpeoplewereattractedtohisdesign,andalloverthewesternworld,manufacturersplungedintotheproductionofhisnewstyle.ANewLookHouseofDioropenedin1948,followedbyoneinLondon.ConsideredasKingofwomen’sclothingforyears,theDiorEmpiregrewuntilitcoveredeverycountryinthewesternworld,andincludedfurs,hosiery,jewelry,perfumes,men’swearandsoon.Hissuddendeathin1957whenhewas53yearsolddidnotstopthegrowthoftheHouseofDior.Evennow,hisnameiscloselyconnectedwithfashionthroughouttheworld,andindeedisoneofthemostrecognizednamesintheworld.Whichofthefollowingdesignsisprobablycloseto Accordingtothepassage,inDior’slife,hedidnot makecreativefashion B.workinadiplomaticC.learncraftashisfirst D.openaNewLookWecaninferfromthepassagethat DiorandhisparentshaddifferentinterestsinDior’sNewLookhadlittleinfluenceonpeopleDiorisonlyabrandofwomen’sDior’sfashionwasnotacceptedatWhatisprobablythebesttitlefortheTheHistoryoftheNew B.TheGrowthoftheDiorC.AnExpression dom— D.TheFounderoftheNewLook—AbattlebetweentwoenergyOPEN-OUTCRYtradingissupposedtobeanodd,outdatedpractice,rapidlybeingrecedbysleeker(闊氣的),cheaperelectronicsystems.TrylingthattotheNewYorkMercantileExchange(NYMEX),theworld’slargestcommoditiesexchange.OnNovember1sttheNYMEXopenedanopen-outcrypit(公開叫價廳）inDublintohandleBrentcrudefutures（原油）,thebenark（基準(zhǔn)）contractforpricingtwo-thirdsoftheworld’soil.TheNYMEXistryingtograbliquidity(資產(chǎn)折現(xiàn)力)fromLondon’sInternationalPetroleumExchange(IPE),whichtradesthemostBrentcontracts;theNewYorkexchangehassofarconcentratedonWestTexasIntermediate,anAmericanbenarkgrade.ThenewpitisaresponsetotheIPE’seffortstomodernize.OnthesamedayasNYMEXtradersstartedshoutingBrentpricesinDublin,theIPEdidawaywithitsmorningopen-outcrysessionnowsuchtradesmustbeelectronicordoneinthepitafterTheNewYorkexchangeclaimsthatcustomers,suchashedgefunds()orenergycompanies,preferopen-outcrybecauseitallowsformoreliquidity.Althoughmostotherexchangesareheadingintheoppositedirection,incommoditymarketssuchastheNYMEX,pressurefrom“l(fā)ocals”--self-employedtraders--isheltosupportopen-outcry,althoughsomethinkthatcustomerspayuptofivetimesasmuchaswithelectronicsystems.EventheIPEhasnonstocloseitsfloor.Onlylastmonthitsignedarentalagreement,lastinguntil2017,foritstradingfloorinLondon.Dublin’snewpitis“showingpromise”,saysRobLaughlin,atraderwithManFinancial,despiteafewtechnicalglitches.Onitsfirstdayithandled5,726lotsofBrent(eachlot,orcontract,is1,000barrels),overathirdofthevolumeintheIPE’snewmorningelectronicsession.Bytheyear’send,predictsMr.Laughlin,itshouldbeclearwhethertheventurewillbefeasible.ItwouldstandabetterchanceifitmovedtoLondon.Itmayyet:itstartedinIrelandbecauseregulatoryapprovalcouldbeobtainedfastertherethaninBritain.Inthelongrunhavingbothexchangesofferingsimilarcontractswillbeunsustainable.Stealingliquidityfromanestablishedmarketleader,astheNYMEXistryingtodo,isahardtask.Eurex,Europe’slargestfuturesexchange,setupshopinChicagothisyear,intendingtograbAmericanTreasury-bondcontractsfromtheBoardofTrade.Ithasmadelittleprogress.AndtheNYMEXhastriedtogetBrentcontractsbefore,withoutsuccess.Giventheimportanceofliquidityinexchanges,whydotheIPEandtheNYMEXnotworktogether?Therehavebeentalksaboutcooperationbefore,andsomethingmightyethappen.SomesaythatthewheelingNYMEXandthemoreseriousIPEcouldnevermix.Fornow,inanycase,thetwoexchangeswillcompeteuntilonehaswon--acrosstheIrishSeaaswellasacrosstheAtlantic.Accordingtothetext,theNYMEXandIPEare bothusingopenoutcrytradingasamajortradingpartnersthatbenefiteachotherintheirbusinessrivalsthatarecompetingintheoiltradingbothtakingeffortstomodernizetheirtradingTheword“glitches”inLine2,Paragraph4mostprobablymeans A. B. C. D.FromParagraph4wecaninferthat tradingvolumeintheIPE’snewmorningelectronicsessionisLondonisabetterbusinesslocationforenergyexchangesthanBritain’sregulatorsarelessefficientthanthoseoftheDublinpitoftheNYMEXwillbemoreprosperousnextWecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat it’sveryunlikelythattheNYMEXandtheIPEcouldcombinetheirtheNYMEXwillfailinIrelandasmanyprecedentshavethetwoenergyexchangeswillfigureoutawaytocooperatewitheachthemarketenvironmentforbothenergyexchangesisgettingSectionDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.OtherOtheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovationshadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafewespeciallygiftedpeoplesthatthenspreadtoothercultures.Inhiswork,heattemptedtoshowhowallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionofsocietyandculture,knownasfunctionalism,becameamajorthemeinEuropeananthropology.Supportersofthetheoryviewedcultureasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepasocietyfunctioning.Theyfocusedonimportantrituals(儀式)thatappearedtopreserveapeople'sCoincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,BritishsocialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,changedovertime,advancingtowardperfectionandthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastruggleinwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmusteventuallyberecedbystronger,moreadvancedracesandAmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryofculturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morganhelpedfoundmodernanthropology--thescientificstudyofhumansocieties,customsandbeliefs,thus ingoneoftheearliestanthropologists.67. Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestructureoffamilies,formsofmarriage,categoriesofkinship,ownershipofproperty,formsofernment,technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedassocietiesevolved.Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistoricalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures,givingnewdirectiontoanthropology.Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionarystagetypeofculture.68.

ThistheorywasknownHistoricalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900srejectedtheparticularisttheoryinfavordiffusionism. Forexample,BritishGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.Perryincorrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,potterymaking,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinanc